Design Flowchart Research Articles

Mesostructural characteristics and evaluation of asphalt mixture contact chain complex networks

The skeleton structure of asphalt mixture is the main carrier to resist load. At present, the identification and evaluation of skeleton contact chains need to be further investigated. This study quantitatively analyzes the mesostructural characteristics of asphalt mixture skeleton contact chains from the perspective of complex networks by using digital image processing (DIP) technique. A self-developed meso-structure intelligent identification software is developed, the evaluation parameters of the contact chain complex networks are proposed, and five types of asphalt mixture skeleton contact chains are compared. Additionally, the multi-scale relationship between the meso and macro parameters of the contact chains has been established, and a design flow chart of the asphalt mixture skeleton mesostructure based on rutting prediction has been proposed. The results indicate that the skeleton structure of the asphalt mixture has the characteristics of a scale-free network, and the degree distribution of each coarse aggregate is inhomogeneous, exhibiting a good power-law distribution; the length of the aggregate to aggregate contact chains conforms to the normal distribution, and the asphalt mixture skeleton clustering coefficient is close to zero; the smaller the skeleton modularity of the asphalt mixture, the greater the number of coarse aggregates within the longest contact chain and the fewer the modules, indicating that the asphalt mixture can form a more perfect skeleton structure. The measures to improve the skeleton performance of asphalt mixture include focusing on the passing rates of the 2.36 and 4.75 mm aggregates, obtaining a maximum amount of coarse aggregate in the contact chains, and achieving a smaller number of modules and modularity in the network. This study presents a fast and effective technical evaluation tool and detection method for asphalt mixture indoor design and pavement construction quality detection and also provides guidance for the fine design and performance improvement of asphalt mixtures.

CMOS MEMS Design and Fabrication Platform

This article mainly describes the technology related to the CMOS MEMS process platform provided by the Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), including the process flow, design verification, back-end dicing, and packaging of the CMOS MEMS integrated sensing single chip. The front-end CMOS processes can be a standard 0.35 or 0.18 µm CMOS process, or even a BCD high-voltage process. Some academic designs also utilize this platform for in-house post-CMOS process. Finally, the article also explains in detail the CMOS MEMS design flowchart and implementation method provided by TSRI.

A Wide Output Voltage Range LLC Resonant Converter Based on Topology Reconfiguration Method

This article proposes a wide output voltage range LLC resonant converter based on topology reconfiguration method (TRM). First, with different driving signals two operational modes of inverter circuit and rectifier circuit of the proposed topology are analyzed, respectively. On this basis, the converter in whole voltage range has three variable operating modes considering voltage gain by different combination between two kinds of inverting modes and two kinds of rectifying modes. Thus, compared with conventional LLC converter, the voltage gain range can be extended by four times within the same switching frequency range using TRM plus pulse-frequency modulation (PFM). Comprehensive analysis of circuit states and soft-switching conditions in these three modes are presented. Moreover, the design of voltage area division in three modes is discussed to arrive a better tradeoff between efficiency and power density. A design flowchart is given to help to implement an efficiency optimization algorithm. In addition, a smooth mode transition technique is proposed to avoid the rapid frequency change during reconfiguring modulation strategy. Finally, a 2 kW 100–900 V output prototype is built, and main experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology and TRM.

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

In this article, Y-junction strip-line circulators are designed using an enhanced closed form solution consisting of unified key equations and a flowchart design, which serves as a direct procedure for designing a ferrite circulator. This design methodology is combined with a 3D EM simulation that allows for the calculation of the saturation magnetization, uniform biasing, and ferrite dimensions needed for a circulator to operate in both modes. In addition, the closed form can be used to calculate the Y-junction parameters and allow the matching network to be calculated and the uniform circulator biasing design ended. Our analysis starts with the ferrite calculation to ensure that it is uniformly biased magnetically, and this is followed by strip-line design, Y-junction matching, and biasing circuit design. Using full-wave electromagnetic (EM), HFSS and magnetostatic (MS), Maxwell3D simulations, several key design parameters such as the saturation magnetization, coupling angle, and various external permanent magnetic biases are investigated. To validate the proposed concept, two strip-line circulators are designed and fabricated for operation in wide-bandwidth and narrow-bandwidth applications. Good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental responses for the S-parameters of the circulators. We also present a semi-analytical analysis of the concept of breakdown, which enables calculation of the peak power and total thermal rise in the strip-line structure. The average power handling capability of a strip-line circulator is studied for the first time. The proposed closed form expressions can also be implemented in various ferrite circulators using different guiding technologies for millimeter-wave applications.

Design and Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN)-Mediated DNA Vaccines.

Increasing application of nucleic acid vaccines is driving demand for new delivery systems to improve stability and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are a particulate carrier system composed of a solid lipid core and a cationic lipid surface suitable for binding negatively charged DNA. SLN delivery systems can be used to bind DNA resulting in an SLN/DNA complex (termed "lipoplex") which can be used as a potential vaccine.In this chapter, the methodologies associated with the use of SLNs as a DNA vaccine nanocarrier are discussed. First, requirements for an effective experimental lipoplex vaccine are discussed along with current and historical examples. Then, flowcharts for design and synthesis of lipoplex vaccines are outlined, followed by detailed materials and methods for synthesis and characterization of lipoplex vaccines.

Design of the control system of the laser cleaning robot facing the inner wall of the tiny pipe

In order to solve the problem of cleaning small and micro pipelines, the control system of the cleaning robot for small and micro pipelines is designed using single-chip technology. Draw the circuit design flow chart, use PROTEUS software to design the display and control circuit of the DC adjustable regulated power supply, stepping motor. Write and debug the program that controls the start and stop of the motor, accelerate and decelerate, and rotate forward and reverse in keil4; import the program into the single-chip microcomputer, and use the PROTEUS software for simulation and simulation. The experimental results show that the designed control system can realize the two actions of the pipeline robot going straight in the pipeline and the cleaning head rotating.

Roadmaps for Reflection: Implementation Drivers to Bridge the Research-to-Practice Gap in Early Childhood Intervention

Training alone will not enable early childhood practitioners to operationalize evidence-based practices. When newly learned practices do not immediately work as intended, the temptation to return to old ways can be great. Moving an innovation from research to practice may require the use of implementation drivers. The field of implementation science informs us of the need for ongoing support during the implementation process. Implementation guides using a flow chart design may assist practitioners to implement evidence-based practices with fidelity immediately after training. This article provides a framework for developing implementation guides to move quickly from knowledge to utilization after a training occurs as well as a means to consider the usefulness of flowcharts for driving implementation efforts.

Seismic damage thresholds and design methods for two-elevation continuous ceiling systems

The rise-up part of a two-elevation suspended ceiling system, where the ceiling height of two adjacent space or rooms differs due to the usage plan, frequently sustains damage under earthquakes. In current construction practice, the rise-up part in ceilings is temporarily reinforced for construction by the judgment of subcontractors without an engineering design. Thus, this paper addresses seismic damage thresholds and proposes a design method for suspended two-elevation continuous ceiling systems, aiming to provide a rationale for the construction of two-elevation ceilings. First, the vulnerable parts of the ceiling system are examined in a shake table test, where three primary damage patterns are observed. Fragility curves and communications with engineers of a ceiling company indicate a condition of “drift between two elevations ≥1/100” as a threshold for judging a repair need. The analytical model of the rise-up part and the overall two-elevation ceiling are then built to investigate the effects of clearance around ceiling edges, the mass ratio of higher to lower elevation, the distance between TPBBs, and the specification of suspension bars on the seismic behavior of two-elevation ceiling systems. Finally, a design method for two-elevation ceiling systems, including the design flowchart and examples, is proposed.

Close Feedback Stability Analysis and Design Optimization under EPC Condition for Large Underground Caverns

To prevent stability risks and improve the optimal design capability for large underground caverns under the Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) convention, an improved feedback analysis model is presented to adapt the integration of design and construction model for large underground engineering. A close stability optimization design and corresponding technical flowchart under EPC pattern were initially established by considering the cooperated-building parties. Some key optimization methods, including 3D monitoring, real-time stability warning, and cracking-restraint design, are proposed. Finally, a typical stress-structure case in the Baihetan underground cavern shows this optimizing process of close feedback analysis under EPC pattern, indicating the advantages of the presented method in opening and supporting optimizations.

Performance evaluation of built-up composite beams fabricated using thin-walled hollow sections and self-compacting concrete

The present study proposes an innovative steel–concrete composite beam fabricated using self-compacting cementitious (SCC) composite, thin-walled steel plates, and hollow sections. In order to validate the performance of the proposed composite beam, the experimental investigation was conducted in terms of flexural strength, ductility, flexural stiffness, energy dissipation capability, and failure mode. Furthermore, the hallow sections spacing, slab depth, and SCC mixtures wereconsidered as design variables in order to probe into their effects on the structural performance of the proposed composite beam. The results indicated that hollow section spacing and fiber percentage had the most influence on load capacity and energy absorption of the composite beams. Further, the interaction between slab integration significantly prevented concrete crushing of failed composite beam. Moreover, the composite beam introduced in this study showed higher stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation compared to the conventional one. Ultimately, a design flowchart was developed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the proposed composite beam.

Design Of Smart Hydroponics Based On Raspberry Pi 3

The development of hydroponic suitable methods is currently quite good, the utilization of the narrow land availability and the people's attractiveness to hydroponics are the reasons for the developing hydroponic suitable method. However, in its development, there is less land with soil growing media, there is a pattern of farming using water media, namely hydroponics (Hydroponics). Hydroponic cultivation must pay attention to the elements that plants need, such as providing special nutrition to plants. The provision of nutrition that is done manually often results in irregular nutrition in hydroponics which results in disruption of hydroponic plant growth and harvest is not optimal. Research on the Smart Hydroponics System based on the Raspberry Pi 3 using the tidal hydroponic system can make it easier for every human being who wants to grow crops especially who are busy with work activities. With the research methodology using flowchart design methods and system block diagrams, where the Raspberry Pi 3 Mini Computer is used to control pumps in the circulation of hydroponic plant nutrients. Set the nutrient pump On / Off, display a Video Stream from the Cyberlink C170 webcam to check the progress of fruit or vegetable crops ready for harvest. Everything is done remotely via the Web Interface at the Manapu location so that with this research, monitoring can be carried out and it is easier to provide the elements needed by plants

Knowledge-Based Structure Optimization Design for Boom of Excavator

During the design optimization of the excavator boom, there are many design variables and complicated processes. The original optimization methods mainly focused on the optimization of mathematical models, and they lacked consideration in the use of domain knowledge, design-specification knowledge, expert experience knowledge, and historical examples. In order to comprehensively utilize the domain knowledge and expert experience knowledge, this study uses the optimization process analysis, uses knowledge expression and coding processing technology to encode the boom structure, builds an optimal design coding system based on knowledge guidance, and realizes the automatic optimization design of the boom structure. In the process of constructing the knowledge-oriented optimization system, to realize the reuse of the knowledge of the boom structure design in the numerical optimization iteration, a knowledge processing flowchart of the boom structure design is constructed. The concept of “shape distance” is proposed to judge the similarity feature matrix of the boom structure coding. To evaluate whether the stress distribution is uniform, a fast prediction model based on stress characteristic regions is constructed. The research results show that, under the comprehensive consideration of the four working conditions, the knowledge-guided optimization of the boom structure can avoid the deformity in the optimization process, accelerate the calculation speed of the optimization model, and improve the optimization quality of the model.

The Control System Design of Aircraft Wheel Device of Driving Rotary

The aircraft wheel device of driving rotary is an important device as test of anti-slip brake system on the ground, according to the problems of inconvenience of input parameters adjustment, low speed detection accuracy, poor adaptability to the outside environment and low degree of automation, this paper designs a set of controlling system of aircraft wheel device of driving rotary, and giving chart with hardware design and programming flow chart in the control system of aircraft wheel device of driving rotary. The application result shows that this control system can meet actual requirement in the test of anti-slip brake system.

Efficiency of Pressurized Rock Traps for Unlined Hydropower Tunnels

Pressurized rock traps are constructed in many hydropower plants to stop sand and gravel from being transported through the turbines. Pressurized rock traps are typically located in the downstream end of unlined headrace tunnels, where the tunnel itself may be one of the sediment sources. This state-of-the-art review presents an overview of research on pressurized rock traps from both publicly available sources and unpublished sources. Limited scientific literature exists on rock traps, and most of the existing literature has previously been unavailable for an international audience. Based on this review, it is concluded that pressurized rock traps should be built with the flow area and sediment deposition volume separated by plates or ribs. Without any separation measures, the sediments risk being re-entrained due to turbulence. This review is separated into three sections: (1) sediment problems and sources of sediments, (2) theory for pressurized rock traps, and (3) design of pressurized rock traps. The recommended design for new pressurized rock traps, including a design flow chart, is provided. Finally, a recommended solution for rebuilding existing pressurized rock traps with an open design into a closed design is also presented.

A novel green design method using electrical products reliability assessment to improve resource utilization

ABSTRACT The mathematical concept of green design method is proposed based on the relation between energy and life cycle, including domain redefinition, geometric probability, failure rate and reliability expression. The product design is carried with failure distributions and design steps, including exponential, normal and Weibull. The parameters are redefined and design steps and flowchart are specified. This proposed method is to ensure reliability and resource utilization for electrical products, and compares with traditional reliability assessment method. For traditional design method, the higher reliability requires more resource reserves and longer life cycle in material supply chain. Products are passively eliminated due to technical progress and resource utilization is lower during life cycle. green design steps and reliability test are simulated with Monte Carlo method, to demonstrate the correctness of green design method. This study involves higher reliability and considers reasonable life with more resource utilization than traditional design method.

Development of Android Chemistry Comics as an Independent Learning Application to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

Teachers often use printed book media in learning. Rarely do they want to develop and vary learning media with the aim of making the learning process more interesting. As a result, the lack of student interest in learning results in low student learning outcomes. This study was aimed to develop android chemistry comics (chemondro) on the material for the reaction rate of class XI IPA SMA N 1 Garoga. The method used is the ADDIE R D model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis stage was carried out by analyzing the needs in the form of student characteristics and identifying learning media. The design stage included flowchart design and chemondro. The design results were then developed, then the application was given to the validator for a feasibility test. The implementation stage was carried out in class XI SMA N 1 Garoga. Furthermore, student learning outcomes were measured at the evaluation stage using tests. The results of this study found that chemondro-based chemical comics could be developed with the 3.6 eligibility criteria very well. The learning outcomes were found to be 81.91 in the experimental class compared to 71.76 in the control class. This study concluded that chemondro-were very suitable for use in chemistry learning, especially on the material of reaction rates and student learning outcomes were achieved with good criteria.

Vibration Attenuation Investigations on a Distributed Phononic Crystals Beam for Rubber Concrete Structures

Locally resonant phononic crystals (LRPCs) beam is characterized by the band gaps; some frequency ranges within which flexural waves cannot propagate freely. So, the LRPCs beam can be used for noise or vibration isolation. In this paper, a LRPCs beam with distributed oscillators is proposed, and the general formula of band gaps and transmission spectrum are derived by the transfer matrix method (TMM) and spectrum element method (SEM). Subsequently, the parameter effects on band gaps are investigated in detail. Finally, a rubber concrete beam is designed to demonstrate the application of distributed LRPCs beam in civil engineering. Results reveal that the distributed LRPCs beam has multifrequency band gaps and the number of the band gaps is equal to that of the oscillators. Compared with others, the distributed LRPCs beam can reduce the stress concentration when subjected to vibration. The oscillator interval has no effect on the band gaps, which makes it more convenient to design structures. Individual changes of oscillator mass or stiffness affect the band gap location and width. When the resonance frequency of oscillator is fixed, the starting frequency of the band gap remains constant, and increasing oscillator mass of high-frequency band gap widens the high-frequency band gap, while increasing oscillator mass of low-frequency gap widens both high-frequency and low-frequency band gaps. External loads, such as the common uniform spring force provided by foundation in civil engineering, are conducive to the band gap, and when the spring force increases, all the band gaps are widened. Taken together, a configuration of LRPCs rubber concrete beam is designed, and it shows good isolation on the vibration induced by the railway. By the presented design flow chart, the research can serve as a reference for vibration isolation of LRPCs beams in civil engineering.

Design of AC Load Analysis System Based on Single-chip Microcomputer

A high-precision data sampling AC load analysis system is designed based on the core of ARM cortex M3 microcontroller named NXP LPC1500. The hardware composition, circuit design of each hardware part and the software design of the system are discussed in detail. The voltage, frequency, energy (W-h), harmonic current and current curve are also added into the analysis system. The circuit diagram of the functional part of the main circuit is provide, and the flow chart of the software design for the microcontroller are given. The experimental data show that the system works stably and reliably in actual application.

Stability assessment of permanent and temporary roadways in process flowchart design

For the stability assessment of underground structures, the authors analyze the mechanisms of deformation, movement and fall in damaged and nonuniform rock mass. Weak floor reinforcement and roof bolt designs are determined to ensure safe and efficient mine operation.

Design criteria of solid‐state circuit breaker for low‐voltage microgrids

Solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB) show great promise to become the key element in the protection of low-voltage direct current microgrids. SSCBs operate in the microsecond range and employ semi-conductor devices that have strict safe operation area limits. Therefore, the design of the SSCB needs to consider the effects of fault detection delays and semi-conductor safe operation area limitations. This paper derives SSCB design criteria that consider the effect of different detection methods with different detection delays under varying system constraints. The design space is investigated in a sensitivity analysis, which provides insights into the operation boundaries of SSCB and explains how a combination of fault detection methods can reduce the SSCB size. The insights from the theoretical and sensitivity analysis are used to propose an SSCB design flowchart. SSCB prototype is developed and tested in different scenarios under nominal grid voltage and current. The derived design constraints can be used for efficient SSCB design and also to evaluate the effects of different protection schemes on the required SSCB size.