Design Documentation Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ ОТЧЕТОВ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ РАСЧЕТОВ ПОЖАРНЫХ РИСКОВ НА ОБЪЕКТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ СУДЕБНЫХ ПОЖАРНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ЭКСПЕРТИЗ ПО КРУПНЫМ РЕЗОНАНСНЫМ ПОЖАРАМ В ХОДЕ УГОЛОВНОГО И АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The most important aspects affecting the analysis of reports on the results of fire risk calculations performed in the framework of the preparation of special technical specifications and design documentation for warehouse facilities are considered. The analysis was performed during the forensic fire and technical investigations of fires in warehouse buildings, including those with the installed multi-tier mezzanines. The fragments of calculations included in the special technical conditions are studied and provided below. Measures aimed at improving the quality of risk calculations are proposed.

Black Hawk 70i Helicopter Crew Simula- tion Training

Over the past several decades, fl ight simulators have played an important role in pilot training for both civilian and military aircraft. There are fi nancial considerationsbehind the production or purchase of fl ight simulators. Although the initial fi nancial contribution is high, in the long run the use of simulation systems is more cost-effective than real-world pilot training. Furthermore, the service’s limited fi nancial resources may cause it to halt or limit the amount of real-world training it receives. The cost of aviation fuel causes drastic reductions in training time for helicopter crews (police, military or civilian). Consequently, alternative methods of training personnel using aircraft have become the focus of the search for new solutions. One example being built is the Helicopter Simulator for Police Aviation. The implementation of the Police Aviation Helicopter Simulator into the police training system will enable the proper preparation of Police Aviation crews and counterterrorism units of the Police to perform their tasks profi ciently and effectively. The information presented in thisarticle is the result of analysis of the source data obtained from the design documentation of the “Helicopter Simulator for Police Aviation” No. DOB-BIO10/07/01/2019. One undeniable research limitation was the inability to provide in this study a detailed description of the simulator due to reservations related to protection of Intellectual Property Rights, which were included in the contracts for the execution and fi nancing of the project.

Особенности строительного контроля компонентов и конструкции полимерных зон деформационных швов мостовых сооружений

The article considers the construction control peculiarities of components and design of transition polymer zones of bridge structures expansion joints. The authors have examined the transition zones of expansion joints of in-use bridge structures constructed with polymer concrete. The study revealed the lack of regulatory requirements at the national standardization system documents level. The authors confirmed the possibility of binder composition identification at the organisation of construction control of supplied products in accordance with the requirements of design documentation. The authors also confirmed the possibility of determining the products of chemical reaction during curing of polymer concrete in the transition zone of bridge expansion joints. The authors used a low viscosity liquid epoxy resin based on bisphenol with the inclusion of an amine-type hardener to produce a polymer-concrete mixture. When the components are mixed, a composition is obtained that cures and, when bound to mineral aggregate, provides the product with high strength, water resistance, wear resistance and good adhesion to various substrates. The material obtained for bridge constructions is safe for the environment and does not react with various agents. The method of infrared spectroscopy allows identifying the initial substances and reaction products with the probability of coincidence from 70 to 97%.

Determination of stresses in dangerous cross-sections of frame spars of minitractor vehicles

Problem. On the basis of the method of initial parameters, it is necessary to determine the mass-dimensional parameters of the frame of the spar type, for the creation of a universal small-sized vehicle UMTZ-26 "Nadia", as well as for the development of a mini-truck of category N1, with a carrying capacity of up to 3.2 tons. Goal. To determine the value of the maximum forces (stresses) and moments acting in the structural elements of the spar frame during the arrangement of the engine with transmission, body, engine compartment and cabin of the UMTZ-26 "Nadia" light vehicle, as well as units and aggregates of the N1 category, which can be used for municipal city or farm purpose. Results. According to the given calculation using the method of initial parameters (for frame structures), the maximum load in the cross section of the selected channel is determined, which does not exceed 106.372 MPa, the latter is used as a spar in the welded frame of the vehicle. The maximum permissible load that this profile of the channel can withstand is 160 MPa. Originality. The drawing and design documentation of the spar type was developed, which was used for the development of new universal small-sized vehicles of the UMTZ-26 "Nadia" type, as well as for the creation of mini trucks of the N1 category. Practical value. The practical value lies in the fact that the values of the maximum forces and moments acting in the side members of the frame when the engine with transmission, the engine compartment and the cabin of the vehicle are arranged on it do not exceed the maximum permissible values and the latter can be used on mini motor vehicles of category N1.

A TEMPLATE FOR TECHNICAL DESIGN DOCUMENTS TO HELP DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TEAMS COLLABORATE BETTER

Technical Design Documents (TDD) are commonly adopted documents in the software development industry that describe the technical solution implementation design. These documents are informal and lack strict requirements regarding their content. The structure often differs from organization to organization. Lack of standardized structure often results in low-quality design documents that can hinder successful technical solution implementation. In this paper, we applied a grounded theory method to analyze various organization-specific TDD structures and proposed a standardized structure for this document. In addition to the plain text structure, we visualized it in the form of a mindmap to facilitate the adoption of this template. Organizations can use the proposed TDD template structure as a basis for the company-specific structure of TDD and may include all or part of the sections proposed.

Enhancing the Usability, Visibility, and Responsiveness of an Airline Reservation System: A User-Centered Design Approach

This paper presents the idea, design, and prototype of a flight search and airline booking system based on the perspective of user-centered design. The system is first sketched roughly on paper in the form of a sketched plan and implemented through the proper system by connecting with the rapid API to develop a responsive web application. Booking travel tickets is a hassle and quite stressful because there is a chance that the webpages take time, and several decisions to make, hard to choose a discounted or less expensive flight, and the user will have to put in a lot of effort with many browser tabs may leave open. If a user is looking for the lowest travel options within a range of dates, they need to search a lot of websites looking for better options. As UX designers, it is our responsibility to do some user research and identify the problem areas, then we will recommend some design options based on the research findings. After that, we will create a wireframe and prototype before jumping into web design by collecting all the requirements and analyzing the problems. We will be focusing on UI controls such as location picker, date picker, color contrast, accessibility, and so on. In this paper, we present the design and development of a user-centered flight search and booking system for the airline industry. Our goal is to create a system that would meet the needs and preferences of a diverse set of users. This paper will summarize the design, development, and implementation of an airline reservation system. We have used bubble.io to design the overall system and MYSQL as the database management system for this webpage. Our objective is to upgrade the current website by improving the usability, visibility, and responsiveness of the functions that the user will experience while buying a flight ticket. We have generated and managed the design documentation and a perfect user-based online flight booking system.

Development and performance evaluation of a solenoid valve assisted low-cost ventilator on gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in a porcine model.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilator shortages necessitated the development of new, low-cost ventilator designs. The fundamental requirements of a ventilator include precise gas delivery, rapid adjustments, durability, and user-friendliness, often achieved through solenoid valves. However, few solenoid-valve assisted low-cost ventilator (LCV) designs have been published, and gas exchange evaluation during LCV testing is lacking. This study describes the development and performance evaluation of a solenoid-valve assisted low-cost ventilator (SV-LCV) in vitro and in vivo, focusing on gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. The SV-LCV, a fully open ventilator device, was developed with comprehensive hardware and design documentation, utilizing solenoid valves for gas delivery regulation. Lung simulator testing calibrated tidal volumes at specified inspiratory and expiratory times, followed by in vivo testing in a porcine model to compare SV-LCV performance with a conventional ventilator. The SV-LCV closely matched the control ventilator's respiratory profile and gas exchange across all test cycles. Lung simulator testing revealed direct effects of compliance and resistance changes on peak pressures and tidal volumes, with no significant changes in respiratory rate. In vivo testing demonstrated comparable gas exchange parameters between SV-LCV and conventional ventilator across all cycles. Specifically, in cycle 1, the SV-LCV showed arterial blood gas (ABG) results of pH 7.54, PCO2 34.5 mmHg, and PO2 91.7 mmHg, compared to the control ventilator's ABG of pH 7.53, PCO2 37.1 mmHg, and PO2 134 mmHg. Cycle 2 exhibited ABG results of pH 7.53, PCO2 33.6 mmHg, and PO2 84.3 mmHg for SV-LCV, and pH 7.5, PCO2 34.2 mmHg, and PO2 93.5 mmHg for the control ventilator. Similarly, cycle 3 showed ABG results of pH 7.53, PCO2 32.1 mmHg, and PO2 127 mmHg for SV-LCV, and pH 7.5, PCO2 35.5 mmHg, and PO2 91.3 mmHg for the control ventilator. The SV-LCV provides similar gas exchange and respiratory mechanic profiles compared to a conventional ventilator. With a streamlined design and performance akin to commercially available ventilators, the SV-LCV presents a viable, readily available, and reliable short-term solution for overcoming ventilator supply shortages during crises.

METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING A DESIGN DOCUMENT SPECIFICATION FOR ASSEMBLIES IN THE SOLIDWORKS SYSTEM

The article describes the methods of development of design documents in the geometric modeling environment SolidWorks. Special attention is paid to the main design document (DD) – Specification. For the proposed valve design, the creation of a specification for the entire product, as well as the specifications of the assembly units included in the product, is considered. Examples of specifications for drawings are given: assembly, general type, drawings with a loose part and for combined DD. The examples considered in the article contribute to the formation of students' practical skills in the image of products and their components using the SolidWorks modeling system, the development of the ability to read drawings, as well as the deepening of knowledge of the state standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation (USDD).

What qualitative systems mapping is and what it could be: integrating and visualizing diverse knowledge of complex problems

Researchers in sustainability science deal with increasingly complex problems that cross administrative, geographical, disciplinary, and sectoral boundaries, and are characterized by high stakes and deep uncertainties. This in turn creates methodological challenges to frame, structure, and solve complex problems in science and practice. There is a long tradition in visualizing systems as diagrams, and concept and cognitive maps, but there is insufficient differentiation and comparison between these methods and no clear umbrella term has yet been established. Against this background, we systematically review three foundational methods from different academic disciplines—causal diagrams, concept mapping, and cognitive mapping. Comparing and contrasting them, we facilitate a coherent understanding of qualitative systems mapping (QSM) as an umbrella term. We then proceed to explore the evident intersections between these methods to showcase some of the inter- and transdisciplinary opportunities and challenges crystallizing in integrated QSM approaches. Finally, we share case study insights from the food–water–biodiversity nexus in Austria and elaborate on some of the methodological nuances to data integration in QSM. Overall, with this overview paper, we lay the groundwork for a systematic, transparent, and yet flexible development and application of QSM methods to support mixed-methods research design and clear case study documentation, as well as fostering effective inter- and transdisciplinary communication in sustainability science. Further research needs to explore these QSM applications in depth across alternative sustainability science contexts, particularly with respect to efficient and rigorous protocols for knowledge and data integration vis-a-vis complex problems and transdisciplinary research processes.

Adaptation of a cultural heritage object of regional importance “central hotel”. Modern» for modern use

The article describes the space-planning solution of the building and the object composition of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance “Hotels Central. Modern”. A historical reference is given and archival images of the household, the planning solution and the facades of the hotel are analyzed, thanks to which three main historical stages of the reconstruction of the building are identified. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the reconstruction of the facades of the building at the time of 1910-1912 can be considered the most valuable from the standpoint of architecture and urban planning. The program of adaptation of the building under consideration is given with a description of the preserved elements of decoration, interior decoration and proposals for their further restoration and use. A statement was made about the continuation of work on the development of scientific and design documentation using the developed window adaptation program.

APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES

Design activity is a creative process that almost entirely depends on the professional abilities of the engineer-designer, but his ability to realize his capabilities in the shortest possible time is largely determined by the use of the achieved successes in the design of parts of assemblies and whole products. Modern design activity at a machine-building enterprise can be conventionally reduced to two directions: the design of fundamentally new innovative equipment and the improvement of products that have already been mastered and are delivered to the market. In both the first and second cases, block-modular design can be used to shorten the entire production cycle, which involves the creation of products based on modules and blocks. Modern mechanical engineering is characterized by constant complication and frequent replacement of machine designs, therefore, when designing and further manufacturing a large number of machines, it is necessary, first of all, to divide their design into independent assembly units, that is, aggregates, so that they all perform certain functions in the machine. This approach will make it possible to organize the specialized production of nodes as independent products, the performance of the main functions of which can be checked independently of the entire machine as a whole at any stage. The development of optimal layout schemes makes it possible to create, depending on the type of production, conditions for the most economical use of aggregates and to determine the sequence of their operation in one or another layout. Modern machine-building companies implement a large number of different automated IT systems, which together create a virtual enterprise and cover all stages of the product life cycle (CALS - Computer Aided Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support - automation of continuous supplies and product life cycle). Accelerating the pace of innovation processes is a crucial condition for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise's financial and economic activities and the quality of products. Automation of design processes is especially effective when moving from the automation of individual engineering calculations to complex automation, creating automated design systems (CAD) for this purpose. CAD is a complex necessary for data processing in the conditions of design and technological preparation of production. The CAD complex includes systems as structural elements - specialized parts aimed at solving tasks at a specific stage of design: design, engineering calculations (CAD-K), technological preparation of production (CAD-T). CAD-K and CAD-T systems are parts of CAD, which are characterized by specific features that ensure the implementation of various design tasks and the receipt of appropriate design solutions and design documentation. The entire complex of aspects that make up the CAD complex must be formed individually for each specific machine-building enterprise with taking into account the main parameters. The application of such approaches as a whole helps to increase the efficiency of the design of innovative technology.

Modern standards of unified system of design and software documentation as a vector of the main trends in the development of machine-readable documents

In order to organize interaction between different departments of a production unit, it is necessary to create elaborated standards in the field of electronic document protection. From the point of view of the standardization process, the documentation maintenance department faces the problem of translating a file into an electronic document, which must have a number of identifying requisites. This point is very vulnerable both in terms of originality, since not every company has the ability to use EDS, GOST allows a number of alternatives. At present, in the period of import substitution, the growth of documents in the field of design documentation will increase, and therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of quality standards in the field of electronic documents, which will facilitate a traceable structure of changes in the design document and the addition of the drawing and specification of the part. Thus, by schematically explaining all the steps of this process, the problem can be solved. The paper applies elements of analysis of catologization systems, electronic document management systems, research on the use of requisite part and electronic forms in electronic documentation. Using the output from the 2023 and 2024 standards in the area of electronic document management, it is necessary to identify the critical points of the process of converting a drawing or specification file into an electronic document. It is also necessary to consider the 2023-2024 standards, which are aimed at a system to improve the process of mutual exchange of drawings, schematics, electronic models between enterprises of different profiles. It is also necessary to present the algorithm of adaptation of design documentation made in different formats to the perception in different document management systems and adequate implementation in the system of catologization. Conclusions are made on the most relevant GOSTs, critical points of GOSTs are indicated, which contribute to the facilitation of understanding of this process between organizations and simplification of the order of conversion of USCD systems from different formats into a unified system of electronic catalog. This process is important from the point of view of unification of models on the one hand, on the other hand - more qualitatively contributes to the process of import substitution, when a number of design documentation must be unloaded from foreign sources and convert them into CAD of domestic development. The information available in the article can be used by designers, technologists, norm-checkers to create standards within the enterprise on norms and rules of work with electronic design documents, as well as for the transfer of documents from the file system to the electronic document management system.

Replacement fire protection solutions for a pick tower building - case study

Polish construction law and technical and building regulations allow for deviations from the requirements with appropriate alternative solutions. Modern buildings often require an individual approach due to the fact that the current regulations do not keep up with the constantly emerging modern technical solutions. This requires the development of engineering design documentation in the form of a technical opinion on the state of fire protection, prepared by building and fire protection experts. This documentation, previously agreed with the locally competent Regional Fire Chief of the State Fire Service, is submitted through the local building authority to the Minister responsible for construction issues. The subject of the article is the development of a justified set of alternative solutions for a warehouse building equipped with pick tower racks. Modern computer methods, simulations of evacuation, smoke extraction and construction were used to justify the solutions used. Determination of the mutual influence of the applied solutions on the expected level of fire safety allowed to confirm the validity of the adopted design concept. As a result, a complete fire protection concept was obtained, which, after its application to the documentation of the construction project, will allow safe use of the building. The analyzed building was implemented in Poland and, using the described fire safety concept, passed all stages of the investment process.

Повышение эффективности внедрения ТИМ на различных этапах жизненного цикла ОКС

The article analyzes the existing experience in introducing information modeling technology for a capital construction project at various stages of the life cycle. It is noted that the use of technology is considered at individual stages of the capital construction project life cycle , but there is no mechanism for transition from one information model to another. It was revealed that the rules for maintaining as-built documentation, reflecting not only the actual execution of design and working documentation decisions, but also the actual state of the building structure or its individual elements, are regulated, and the existing approach assumes that the operation of the building will be based on working documentation with changes made to reflect the current state object, i.e. on the basis of as-built documentation.
 The feasibility of information model developing with a different set of detail and attribute coating, corresponding to various types of documentation: design, working and executive, is substantiated.
 A universal roadmap for the information modeling technologies implementation in a design company has been developed, a proposed structure for storing information models of a construction project has been given, and further steps have been proposed for the implementation of information modeling technologies at subsequent stages of the life cycle of a capital construction project to increase the efficiency of its application.

Hydrogen production via electrolysis: State-of-the-art and research needs in risk and reliability analysis

Water electrolysis is the primary production technology for clean hydrogen, and thus ensuring safe and reliable deployment and operation of electrolyzers is essential to global sustainability efforts. In this paper, electrolytic hydrogen production pathways and upcoming deployment capacities are briefly discussed. Then we examine the main risk and reliability challenges and analyze the state of the art in quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of electrolysis technologies. We identify gaps in electrolysis QRA studies and present recommendations to enable more robust risk and reliability analysis for these technologies. Recommendations and opportunities for research to fill these gaps include: developing and adopting a system reliability approach in electrolysis risk analysis, developing and disseminating detailed electrolysis system design documentation, developing reliability data collection and analysis methods and tools, conducting importance measures analysis, conducting uncertainty analysis and propagation, developing electrolysis QRA standards, and creating programs to develop and educate the hydrogen risk and reliability workforce.

Julearn: an easy-to-use library for leakage-free evaluation and inspection of ML models.

The fast-paced development of machine learning (ML) and its increasing adoption in research challenge researchers without extensive training in ML. In neuroscience, ML can help understand brain-behavior relationships, diagnose diseases and develop biomarkers using data from sources like magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. Primarily, ML builds models to make accurate predictions on unseen data. Researchers evaluate models' performance and generalizability using techniques such as cross-validation (CV). However, choosing a CV scheme and evaluating an ML pipeline is challenging and, if done improperly, can lead to overestimated results and incorrect interpretations. Here, we created julearn, an open-source Python library allowing researchers to design and evaluate complex ML pipelines without encountering common pitfalls. We present the rationale behind julearn's design, its core features, and showcase three examples of previously-published research projects. Julearn simplifies the access to ML providing an easy-to-use environment. With its design, unique features, simple interface, and practical documentation, it poses as a useful Python-based library for research projects.

Perancangan dan Pembuatan Aplikasi SIMPORA Berbasis Online dengan PHP

The Tanjung Pandan Customs Office as a State Agency has the opportunity to compete with other customs in Indonesia, as an added value for the Tanjung Pandan Customs Office in its office at the Customs Agency. SIMPORA as an information system for Budget Absorption and Realization was created to meet these needs. The application design in this study was built using the Unified Software Development Process method and the application design used the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This software project iteratively (repeating steps, as feedback from the user) starts from the process of making Software Requirements Design (SKPL), then proceeds with making Software Design (DPPL), then followed by making applications and closing with testing. This process is carried out continuously according to the planning period. The result of this project is software that is also equipped with design and application documentation which in the end is to give the Tanjung Pandan Customs office a winner in the competition between customs offices throughout Indonesia.

Автоматизированная система оперативной регистрации технических изменений предприятия радиоэлектронной промышленности

The modern production of radio-electronic equipment is a typical example of a make-to-order type of production. With custom-made products, each order is a unique product. The repeatability of orders in the total volume of orders is quite small compared to new orders, which leads to a large increase in the product range. As a rule, manufactured products are complex, high-tech products that can have a large structure, consist of a large number of components, and have a complex manufacturing process. Thus, the implementation of the full cycle of production of products and the preparation of design documentation requires the support of specialized software. Given the complexity of finished products and the large number of participants involved in production activities, there is an exponential growth in the volume of information. Without the availability of up-to-date data and methods for quick decision making, the development and production process will not be effective. The issues of automating the tracking of operational changes in design documentation at all stages of the production of radio-electronic equipment are considered. Automated systems responsible for managing the life cycle of products are called PLM – Product Lifecycle Management – this is a strategy for the production of industrial products that manages the product at all stages of the life cycle. Existing commercial solutions in this area have redundant functionality and are difficult to integrate into the existing information space of the enterprise. Aim. Study of the process of registration of technical changes in design documentation. Methods. The article presents the process of implementing technical changes in the form of a formal model and a functional model for implementing the changelog using the IDEF0 notation. The architecture of the electronic log of operational registration of changes in the form of diagrams of UML graphic notation is presented. Results. Models for the development of an automated system for managing the electronic journal of operational registration of changes are proposed. The software implementation of the system for managing the electronic journal of operational registration of changes at a research and production enterprise is considered. Conclusion. The automated system proposed in the study allows in a short time to bring to the production shops of the enterprise information about the proposed changes in the design of a prototype product, stop production, take the necessary corrective actions and finalize the product with minimization of losses for the production of a new prototype.

Seismic performative analysis of a 200-year-old Masonry Heritage Structure in India

A structural assessment study on the “Humayun Palace” in Tamil Nadu, a cultural heritage structure, constructed in the early 1700’s was done. Based on the original design documentation collected through records, a static analysis model of the building was generated. This structure is a 3-storey building and details of all the provisions from the slab system to the roof tiles were made. The results developed by these models, aimed at fully understanding the original design concept of the various members, as well as at evaluating their current static and seismic safety conditions, are reported in this paper. This analysis was examined using E-TABS software, whose geometric limitations lead to minor encumbrances. Some complex geometric façade features were approximated to convenience and overcome. The results of the analyses highlight safe conditions and good performance objectives in general, but for some important exceptions. The overall satisfactory performance may be attributed to the overdesigning with excessive safety factors carried out by builders of that century, enabling the structure to withstand conditions way past its intended life. However, the question as to how well the structure will hold good in the future is hypothetical. It is for the same reason that the Public Works Department has allocated nearly 96 crore rupees for the rehabilitation of the same. This investigation is synchronous with the objectives of the said rehabilitation project and has established an exhaustive analysis of the structural health of the structure.

Forming the competence of physics and mathematics students using information technology

Relevance. The relevance of the study arises as computers in educational institutions have ceased to be a mere subject of study and have become a tool for learning. The main purpose of using computer-based learning technologies is to increase the efficiency of the learning process. This task is also solved by increasing the motivation of students to study technical graphics. Graduates should be able to use graphics systems to create both blueprint and design documentation and to solve three-dimensional graphic modelling tasks. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation of professional competence of non-humanitarian specialities through information technology. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was general theoretical methods, through which it was possible to determine the fact that the use of information and communication technologies in the classroom allows raising the level of information culture, realising the potential of each student, and forming the professional skills of future specialists. Results. This article covered the main methods of using information technology in mathematics and physics classes, the features of the competency-based approach, the advantages of using innovative computer technology, and the types of technologies used. It has been found that the use of information technology in mathematics and physics classes affects: the activation of students' cognitive activity, development of mathematical logic, variability of reasoning, and concentration of students' intellectual activity on research and investigation. Conclusions. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its findings and conclusions improve the training in the development of competence of students of physics and mathematics specialities using information technology in educational activities.