Descriptive Form Research Articles

The relationship between nutritional problems, eating behaviors, and diet quality in children with autism

Objectives This study aimed to determine the current nutritional problems, eating behaviors, and diet quality of children with autism and to examine the relationship between eating behavior and diet quality. Methods This descriptive study was conducted with 52 children aged 8–14 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of five sections (descriptive information form, anthropometric measurements, Screening Tool for Nutritional Problems (STEP), Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED), and Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQ)). The significance level of statistical tests was accepted as p < 0.05. Results The mean age of children was 11.52 ± 2.73 years, 84.6% were male, and 21.2% were obese. Current nutritional issues were primarily behavioral disorders and nutritional skills-related. The highest score on the Three-Factor Eating Scale was in the uncontrolled eating sub-dimension (15.02 ± 3.63). The mean score for children with autism was 5.79 ± 1.87, with the majority (69.2%) moderately adhering to the Mediterranean diet. In the low adherence group, total Three-Factor Eating Scale score and uncontrolled eating sub-scale score were significantly higher than the moderate-high adherence group (p < 0.05). Although adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased as the frequency and severity of nutritional problems decreased according to the STEP, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our results show that children with autism are at risk for obesity. Identifying current nutritional problems, improving diet quality, and detecting and preventing unhealthy eating behaviors such as uncontrolled eating are important for the health of children with autism.

Responding to the Heat and Planning for the Future: An Interview-Based Inquiry of People with Schizophrenia Who Experienced the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada.

People with schizophrenia have died at disproportionately higher rates during recent extreme heat events (EHEs) in Canada, including the deadly 2021 Heat Dome in British Columbia (B.C.). However, to date, little research has qualitatively focused on how people with schizophrenia experience and respond to EHEs. This study aimed to (i) explore how people with schizophrenia experienced and were impacted by the 2021 Heat Dome physically, cognitively, and emotionally and (ii) understand their level of awareness and health-protective actions taken in response to the EHE. Between October 2023 and February 2024, interviews were conducted with 35 people with schizophrenia who experienced the 2021 Heat Dome in a community setting within B.C., Canada. The semi-structured interviews were guided by pre-defined questions to explore the participant's background, living situation, social network, awareness and access to heat-mitigation measures. The transcripts were analyzed using a descriptive form of thematic analysis. Participants shared critical insights on how the EHE impacted them, including descriptions of mild to severe physical manifestations of heat stress (e.g., fainting, heat rashes), the triggering of schizophrenia-related symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations), and the detrimental effects on their energy levels and emotional stability, which further caused disruptions to their everyday life. Participants also illustrated gaps in knowledge and challenges experienced with accessing information, which hindered their ability to manage the heat exposure effectively and, for some, resulted in no actions (or counter-intuitive actions) being taken to mitigate the heat. These findings demonstrate the complex ways that individuals with schizophrenia experienced and responded to the 2021 Heat Dome and revealed various situational and contextual factors that further compounded the challenge of heat mitigation. These findings can support the development of tailored individual and community-level heat response and communication initiatives and strategies for people with schizophrenia.

Effectiveness Of Distribution Of Social Assistance For The Family Hope Program In An Effort To Maintain Accountability Of Reports (Case Study Of Social Service Of Sukabumi Regency)

The distribution of social assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH) by the Sukabumi Regency Social Service has generally been effective in increasing access for beneficiary families (KPM) to education and health and easing the economic burden of poor families. Although there are some challenges in reaching all families who meet the criteria, most beneficiaries are satisfied with the program. Overall, The Family Hope Program in Sukabumi Regency has successfully supported poverty alleviation efforts and improved community welfare, although improvement efforts are still needed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the program. The type of research used by the author is a qualitative descriptive method, the data processed is data obtained from the results of interviews and unstructured observations that will be analyzed qualitatively and described in descriptive form. The Social Service needs to continue to improve the verification and validation process of recipient data to ensure that assistance really reaches families in need. This process must involve the use of more sophisticated technology and applications, which can help minimize data errors and increase accuracy in determining beneficiaries. It is hoped that the distribution of PKH social assistance in Sukabumi Regency can run more effectively and efficiently and provide maximum positive impact on the welfare of people in need.

The Effect of Breathing Exercises Using a Breathing Exercise Device and Virtual Reality Applications During Pregnancy and Labor on Labor.

The study aimed to determine the effects of breathing exercises using a breathing exercise device and virtual reality applications during pregnancy and labor on labor pain, duration, and birth satisfaction. This study was planned as a single-blind randomized controlled experimental study. The study was conducted with a total of 114 pregnant women who were randomized between September 2022 and May 2023 at a maternity hospital in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. The participants were divided into three groups: the breathing exercise group (39), the virtual reality group (37), and the control group (38). The data were collected by using the descriptive information form, labor observation form, visual analog scale, and Birth Satisfaction Scale. The incidence of average pain scores and labor duration were lower in the intervention groups when compared with the control group (P < .05). The average birth satisfaction scores of pregnant women in both experimental groups were determined to be higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The research results show that breathing exercises using a breathing exercise device during pregnancy and labor and virtual reality applications shorten the duration of labor, reduce labor pain, and increase birth satisfaction.

Work life-related loneliness among nurse managers and its effect on life satisfaction: Turkey's example.

To determine the effects of perceived workplace loneliness on life satisfaction among nurses working as managers. Nurses working as managers often encounter negative situations, and their consequences extend beyond their professional responsibilities to encompass nonprofessional domains, including life satisfaction. This study enrolled 158 nurse managers (NMs) after gaining their consent. Data from the descriptive cross-sectional study were obtained using the "Descriptive Information Form," "Loneliness in Work Life Scale," and "Life Satisfaction Scale." The relationship between relevant scales was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. A moderately strong, negative, and significant relationship was observed between work life-related loneliness and life satisfaction among NMs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that three independent variables-two LAWS subscales and the job satisfaction status-significantly affected NMs' life satisfaction (adjusted R2=0.39, p<0.001). Perceived loneliness and professional satisfaction are important predictors of life satisfaction among NMs. Thus, it is crucial to determine the factors that negatively affect the professional satisfaction and perceived loneliness of nurses working as managers and to implement psychosocial interventions in such cases. This study demonstrates the significance of identifying problems in the professional lives of NMs, who are involved in planning nursing services and implementing interventions to address these problems.

Investigation of the Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals towards Disabled Women in Terms of Gender Perceptions

Background: Gender inequality causes women to be exposed to discrimination in many fields. Gender discrimination against women affects disabled women more deeply. Prejudiced and negative attitudes of healthcare professionals may prevent disabled women from receiving adequate health services. Objective: This study aimed to examine the attitudes of healthcare professionals towards women with disabilities in terms of gender perception. Methods: The sample of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 234 healthcare professionals. Research data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS), and Disabled Women Attitude Scale (ADWS). Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.60±8.27, and the average professional working time was 172.23±94.59 months. Of them, 60.7% were women, 34.2% were nurses, 40.6% worked in secondary healthcare institutions, and 31.6% had a disabled relative. The mean total score of GRAS was 54.06±9.61, and ADWS was 62.42±13.79. GRAS and ADWS mean scores were higher in women. The mean GRAS score was higher in university graduates and those working 21 years or more. The mean ADWS score was higher in individuals who do not have a disabled relative. Additionally, there was a low positive correlation between GRAS and ADWS mean scores (p

Relationship between nursing students’ global climate change awareness, climate change anxiety and sustainability attitudes in nursing: a descriptive and cross-sectional study

BackgroundAs a major global health threat, climate change is an important issue for nurses who play a pivotal role in health protection and improvement, and in the development of climate-smart healthcare systems. Sustainability attitudes in nursing should be developed together with awareness and concern for climate change.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nursing students’ global climate change awareness, climate change anxiety, and sustainability attitudes in nursing.MethodsThis descriptive, correlational study was conducted with 289 nursing students at a state university. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Global Climate Change Awareness Scale, the Climate Change Anxiety Scale, and the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey. Mean and percentage distributions, the Independent Samples t-test, ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The STROBE checklist was used to report this study.ResultsGlobal climate change awareness of the nursing students was at a moderate level, and the levels of climate change anxiety and sustainability attitudes in nursing were above average. There was determined to be a moderate positive correlation between climate change awareness and sustainability attitude in nursing, between anxiety and sustainability attitude in nursing, and between climate change awareness and anxiety. Climate change awareness and anxiety explained 25.1% of the sustainability attitude in nursing.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence of the relationship between nursing students’ global climate change awareness and anxiety, and sustainability attitudes in nursing. It can be recommended that climate change and sustainability awareness-raising content are integrated into the nursing curriculum. The development of a sustainability attitude in nursing will contribute to the development of sustainable and low-carbon healthcare practices.

The resilience mediation effect on the relationship of suicide risk and psychological pain in nursing students: Structural equation modelling.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing students are a high-risk group for suicide. Psychiatric nurses should investigate risk factors for suicide. The aim of this study was to examine the resilience mediation effect in the relationship of suicide risk and psychological pain in nursing students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021 with 619 students in the Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing. A Descriptive Information Form, the Suicide Probability Scale, the Psychache Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale were used to collect data. The structural equation model approach was used to examine the resilience mediating effect on the relation between suicide risk and psychological pain, and Path Analysis was performed. The reporting of the study was conducted according to STROBE. A semi-mediatory effect of resilience was found between psychological pain and the risk of suicide, and the effect size was determined to be broad (0.57). Resilience can be considered as a protective factor for suicide prevention in psychiatric nursing practices. Resilience has an effect on the relationship between psychological pain and suicide risk. The results of this study may guide psychiatric nursing practices in reducing and preventing suicide risk.

The Effect of Breathing and Relaxation Exercises Training on Psychological Well-Being and Sleep Quality in Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of breathing and relaxation exercises training on psychological well-being and sleep quality in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This study was conducted at a community mental health center between October 2022 and April 2023 as a randomized controlled study with a pretest-posttest control group. The study's participants were 64 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (31 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group). The Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data. The individuals in the experimental group underwent 6 sessions of breathing and relaxation exercises training in the form of group training, and no training was applied to the individuals in the control group. It was determined that the individuals in the experimental group had an increase in the total mean score of psychological well-being and a decrease in the total mean score of sleep quality after breathing and relaxation exercise training. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the posttest psychological well-being and sleep quality total mean scores of the experimental and control groups (P <.05). It can be said that breathing and relaxation exercises training can be used as an effective intervention to increase the psychological well-being and sleep quality of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and can be used in addition to pharmacological treatment.

Effect of logotherapy counseling program on chronic sorrow, dignity, and meaning in life of palliative care patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Palliative care patients experience chronic sorrow with loss in dignity and meaning in life. Logotherapy is an effective way to cope with loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of logotherapy on chronic sorrow, dignity, and meaning in life of palliative care patients. This study was conducted with 58 adults hospitalized due to advanced cancer and assigned to either intervention or control group by simple randomization. Data were collected with descriptive information form, Palliative Performance Scale, Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale-Patient Form (PGDS-PF), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MIL) on admission, at the 4th and 8th weeks. The intervention group received eight sessions of logotherapy. The control group received routine care. The mean scores of PGDS-PF (p = 0.01), PDI (p = 0.01), and searched meaning subdimension of MIL (MIL-SM) (p = 0.11) decreased in the intervention group compared to controls, both at the 4th and 8th week evaluation. The mean score of the present meaning subdimension of MIL (MIL-PM) (p = 0.02) increased at the 4th week evaluation but decreased at a non-statistically significant level at the 8th week. The mean scores of PGDS-PF and PDI increased in the control group while MIL-PM and MIL-SM decreased, both at the 4th and 8th week evaluation. Logotherapy was found effective in decreasing the sorrow and dignity-related distress of palliative care patients, while increasing finding meaning in life. Logotherapy is recommended to be used by palliative care professionals to empower patients. Clinicaltrials registration number and date: NCT05129059, 19/01/2021.

Construction Safety in Girder Installation Work on Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project

Toll road development, in its implementation, has a relatively high risk of work accidents, and it cannot be denied that work safety management is still weak and there is a lack of awareness about the magnitude of the risks that threaten workers. Girder erection work is included in high-risk work. The method used is HIRADC, according to PUPR Ministerial regulation No. 10 of 2021 concerning SMKK guidelines. This study aims to identify hazards, make risk level assessments, and make risk control efforts that can reduce the risk level of work accidents in girder installation work at the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project. The limitation of the problem is that the research location only focuses on Section 4 of Sta 33+150, the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project on the P2 – P3 JU Cakung Drain Pillar Span with the girder installation process using a Gantry Launcher. This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive form to determine the possibility and the consequences that will occur, as well as control the hazard to reduce the possibility and severity. In this study, there are 2 data collection techniques: Primary Data (Observation, Interviews were conducted with 3 sources, K3 Experts, and a Questionnaire was conducted related to risk assessment of the likelihood and severity values) and Secondary Data. This research's novelty lies in using tools during the girder lifting process because the girder length is 50.8 m, and the danger factors are different. The questionnaire data collected found that implementation of the girder installation work identified 52 hazards, with a large level of risk are 20 hazards (38.46%) and medium risk levels are 32 hazards (61.54%). Control efforts by means of engineering, administration and personal protective equipment (PPE) found a decrease in the level of high risk and the level of moderate risk is no longer found, and the level of small risk becomes as many as 52 hazards (100%). So, it can be concluded that the results of the risk level assessment have been better than before.

The effects of spiritual wellbeing on life satisfaction in hematologic cancer patients aged 65 and older in Turkey: mediating role of hope.

The mediating role of hope in the effects of spiritual wellbeing on life satisfaction in elderly haematologic cancer patients in Turkey was investigated in the present study. The study was conducted in a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design. The study was conducted with 150 patients aged 65 and older who were diagnosed with haematologic cancer and who were referred to a university hospital haematology clinic and outpatient clinic. Research data were collected with Descriptive Information Form, Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS), Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). FACIT-Sp-12 score was 37.25 ± 7.29; DHS score was 40.42 ± 8.29, SWLS score was 16.24 ± 8.79. FACIT-Sp-12 (β = 0.668) and DHS (β = 0.226) were found to affect SWLS positively. In terms of the effect of FACIT-Sp-12 on SWLS, DHS has a mediating role and makes the positive effect of FACIT-Sp-12 on SWLS stronger (β = 0.771). Spiritual wellbeing levels of the participants in our study were found to be high, while their levels of satisfaction with life and hope were found to be moderate. It was also concluded that spiritual wellbeing had a direct effect on satisfaction with life and an indirect effect through the mediating role of hope.

Effect of Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial with the aim of determining the effect of acupressure on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women, as well as the correlation between the two. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted between May and November 2021 with women coming to a Menopause School in Turkey. A Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Menopause Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form were used to collect data. The study was performed with 61 patients in an acupressure group (n=30) and a control group (n=31). Acupressure was performed on the acupressure group in 30-minute sessions 3 times a week for 4 weeks, a total of 12 sessions. No intervention was performed on the control group. When the groups were compared, it was seen that the menopause symptom scores of the acupressure group were lower than those of the control group, and that their quality of life scores in the bodily and psychological areas were higher ( P <.05). When within group comparisons were considered, it was seen that menopause symptoms declined over time in the acupressure group, and the scores of all dimensions of quality of life increased ( P <.05). It was found that acupressure applied to women during menopause may reduce menopause symptoms and may improve their quality of life.

The Impact of Kaleidoscope and Distraction Cards on Pain Level During Blood Drawing in Children

Aim: This study is designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to investigate the impact of kaleidoscope and distraction cards on the pain level of child patients during blood drawing procedure. Method: The population of the study was composed of children between the ages of 7-12 years who came to the pediatric blood drawing department of Alanya Training and Research Hospital between August 01, 2022 and November 15, 2022. The study sample included a total of ‘57’ children who met the criteria of the study, who came to the pediatric blood drawing department, who volunteered to take part in the study, and who were randomly selected from among the children between the ages of 7 and 12 years old with the consent of their parents as 28 study (separate kaleidoscope group and attention diversion cards were administered) and 19 control (no kaleidoscope or attention diversion card was administered) groups. The data were obtained by using the “Descriptive Information Form”, “Visual Equivalence Scale (VAS)”, and “Wong Baker Rating Scale for Facial Expressions”. During blood drawing from the children in the study group, kaleidoscope and distraction cards were used. In the control group, standard blood drawing procedure was used without any intervention. Moreover, mean, percentage, chi-square, t-test, t-test in dependent and independent groups were used to analyze the data. Results: It was found that the use of distraction cards and kaleidoscope significantly reduced the level of pain (p

Relationship between perceived social support and stoma self-efficacy in permanent colostomy patients: A correlational study.

In the context of adjusting to life with a permanent colostomy, this study explored how perceived social support from family, friends and others influences patients' self-efficacy in managing their stoma and engaging with their social lives. The study employed a descriptive, correlational design to investigate the relationship between social support and self-efficacy in 94 colostomy patients between April 2021 and August 2022. Participants completed the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and stoma self-efficacy scale (SSES). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc test examined group differences. Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between age, social support and self-efficacy, while multiple linear regression identified factors independently associated with self-efficacy level. The participants had a mean age of 56.9 ± 14.34 years, and 37.2% had been suffering from stoma complications for a duration ranging from 13 months to 5 years. The mean total score on the MSPSS was 64.3 ± 13.5, whereas the mean total score on the SSES stood at 71.22 ± 20.21. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.419, p < 0.001) was observed between the total scores from the MSPSS and SSES. The increase in the total score on the MSPSS was a significant predictor (β = 0.293, p = 0.001) of the level of stoma self-efficacy, explaining 48.9% of the variance. Stronger perceived social support was linked to higher stoma self-efficacy in permanent colostomy patients.

Turkish Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS)

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) to Turkish and test its validity and reliability. DesignThis is a methodological study. MethodsThis study was conducted with 121 children aged 1 to 12 years who underwent ambulatory surgery. The data of the study were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, PHBQ-AS, and the Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure. Data analysis and evaluation were performed using factor analysis, Cronbach's α analysis, item-total score correlation analysis, content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity. FindingsPHBQ-AS showed a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.801). The item-total correlation values of PHBQ-AS were found to be 0.458 to 0.753. PHBQ-AS was determined to be a single-factor scale explaining 66% of the variance in the examined variable. PHBQ-AS and Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure scores were moderately correlated. ConclusionsThe Turkish version of PHBQ-AS was highly valid and reliable for the Turkish population. A recommendation for health care professionals in Turkey is to use the PHBQ-AS scale to evaluate posthospitalization behavioral changes in children who are admitted for ambulatory surgery.

Frequency of urinary incontinence and attitudes towards urinary incontinence of women in Mersin, Turkey.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine or the inability to control urination. The International Continence Society defines UI as any complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI is a very important health problem that affects women's quality of life. It can lead to a decrease in women's self-confidence and prevent them from participating in social activities. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of UI in women living in Turkey, the factors affecting it, and women's attitudes toward UI. This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 903 women who applied to 17 family health centers in Mersin, Turkey, between May 10th to June 10th 2019 for any reason. The data of the study were obtained using the descriptive information form and the Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS). Data analysis was performed with SPSS-21 using percentiles, mean±standard deviation, and Pearson chi-square tests. According to the results obtained, 28.9% of the women had UI problems, more than half (54.6%) of the women with UI did not present to a health institution for this problem, and 54.8% did not receive any treatment. In addition, the frequency of experiencing UI was higher in those with a chronic disease (59.2%) than in those without any chronic disease, and the difference was significant. The demographic and fertility characteristics of the women influenced the frequency of experiencing UI. In addition, among the women participating in the study, those with negative attitudes toward UI experienced more UI problems. There should be greater efforts to raise awareness among women on this subject.

Strategy of Creative Economy Development on Small Micro Enterprises and Medium (SMEs) in Medan City

This study shows how the implications of the strengthening strategy and recommendations for the SMEs development policy strategy in Medan City. This study is very important in the context of developing SMEs as creative economic activists in the future. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. In general, qualitative research is not patterned with a design format consisting of three models, namely descriptive format, verification format, and grounded research format. The subjects of the study were 120 respondents of SMEs actors registered with the Medan City Cooperative and SMEs Service, which became the object of the study, namely about SMEs empowerment through strengthening the creative economy to accelerate poverty alleviation in Medan City. The sampling technique used was purposive sample with data collection using questionnaires. The results of the study stated that the development of creative economic handicrafts in Medan City was carried out by optimizing human resources through skills development and training. The right approach and strategy in developing handicraft innovation is with 5P (enabling, strengthening, protection, support, and maintenance). Because this strategy can cover all lines of the creative economy in handicrafts in order to increase local economic potential. The strategy for developing handicraft businesses in Medan City uses the SO strategy, where this strategy is used to utilize existing strengths and opportunities to minimize weaknesses and threats by relying on product advantages and expanding market networks outside the Medan City area. The novelty in this study is that this study is more comprehensive (comprehensive) in examining the acceleration of poverty alleviation in Medan City with the right strategy in increasing the selling value of SMEs products.

Determining the Level of Depression Stigma of University Students: A Descriptive Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of depression stigmatization among university students. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 929 university students. Descriptive Information Form and Depression Stigma Scale were used in the study. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables; number and percentage were used for categorical data. The study data were evaluated with Independent t test for variables with two groups and One-Way ANOVA test for variables with more than two groups. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS 25.0 Newyork package program. Results: It was determined that 42.2% of the university students who participated in the study were between 21-22 years of age, 56.6% were female, 21.9% had received psychiatric help at any time in their lives, 6.2% had a psychiatric illness, and 3.8% used a psychiatric drug. The mean total score of the depression stigmatization scale personal stigmatization sub-dimension was 14.52±7.08 and the mean total score of the perceived stigmatization sub-dimension was 20.76±8.88. It was found that female students had lower levels of personal stigmatization and higher levels of perceived stigmatization than male students (p

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN PENJAMIN PERORANGAN (BORGTOCHT) DALAM PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MACET DI PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT DATA SEMARANG

The aim of this research is to analyze and examine individual guarantees guaranteed by debtors to creditors (Banks) in credit agreements. The approach method used in this research is normative juridical, with research specifications in descriptive analytical form. The results of the research show that individual guarantee arrangements are regulated in the Civil Code. An individual guarantee is a third party that guarantees all of the debtor's obligations to the creditor, if the debtor defaults. The position of individual guarantees at BPR DATA is an additional (accessory) that accompanies the main agreement. Credit with individual guarantees at BPR DATA is unsecured credit or KTA with a monthly salary payment system through the treasurer/finance department with guarantee/approval from the head of the company/institution. A debt guarantor in this case has the position that he is bound and responsible to the bank for all debts of the debtor. For every credit with individual guarantees, a guarantee agreement will be made privately, in the guarantee agreement the guarantor has special rights. As in BPR DATA, as the leader who guarantees the credit of its employees, in its implementation, if there is a default, the salary, social security, or insurance is deducted as credit repayment.