Description Of Concept Research Articles

Gain measurements on NLGAD detectors

In the last few years, Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) have demonstrated their outstanding performance when detecting high-energy charged particles. However, due to the difference in the multiplication mechanism for holes and electrons, the detection performance for low penetrating particles (e.g low-energy protons or soft x-rays) is significantly reduced. A novel design of an LGAD detector, the NLGAD, was designed and fabricated at CNM to overcome this drawback. A qualitative description of the NLGAD concept is presented in this work, along with gain response measurements of the first prototypes under visible light of 660 nm and 15 keV x-rays. Additionally, a review of the gain response under visible light of 404 nm and IR light of 1064 nm, previously studied, is also evaluated in this work. The results demonstrate that the NLGAD concept has the potential to detect low penetrating particles.

Modeling of the intelligent support system for the internal audit of the business entity

The main aspects of the development of an intelligent internal audit support system (ISPSA) of a business entity are considered. A brief conceptual description of the algorithm for the development of internal audit support systems is given, with a statement of the main difficulties in the selection of components. The development of an intelligent internal audit support system is an important and necessary task, as internal audit plays an important role in ensuring effective management and control of a business entity. An intelligent system can help increase the efficiency of audit processes and provide more accurate results of automation and application of analytical tools. Over time, a business entity accumulates more and more data, and their analysis becomes an extremely difficult task. An intelligent system can quickly process large amounts of data, identify trends, anomalies, and risks that allow for more informed decisions; it can also identify unusual transactions or shortages that may indicate the possibility of fraud or error; it can provide auditors with valuable information and analytics to make informed decisions decisions on improving management processes and ensuring effective control mechanisms. This will help prevent the possibility of financial losses and preserve the reputation of the business entity. Consideration of some steps of the ISPVA algorithm is based on a brief comparative analysis of mathematical support methods.

Improved self-consistency of the Reynolds stress tensor eigenspace perturbation for uncertainty quantification

The limitations of turbulence closure models in the context of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations play a significant part in contributing to the uncertainty of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Perturbing the spectral representation of the Reynolds stress tensor within physical limits is common practice in several commercial and open-source CFD solvers, in order to obtain estimates for the epistemic uncertainties of RANS turbulence models. Recent research revealed that there is a need for moderating the amount of perturbed Reynolds stress tensor to be considered due to upcoming stability issues of the solver. In this paper, we point out that the consequent common implementation can lead to unintended states of the resulting perturbed Reynolds stress tensor. The combination of eigenvector perturbation and moderation factor may actually result in moderated eigenvalues, which are not linearly dependent on the originally unperturbed and fully perturbed eigenvalues anymore. Hence, the computational implementation is no longer in accordance with the conceptual idea of the Eigenspace Perturbation Framework. We verify the implementation of the conceptual description with respect to its self-consistency. Adequately representing the basic concept results in formulating a computational implementation to improve self-consistency of the Reynolds stress tensor perturbation.

Spherical Grid Creation and Modeling Using the Galerkin Compiler GC_Sphere

The construction of spherical grids is, to a large extent, a question of organized programming. Such grids come in the form of rhomboidal/triangular grids and hexagonal grids. We are here mainly interested in Local-Galerkin high-order schemes and consider the classical fourth-order o4 method for comparison. High-order Local-Galerkin schemes imply sparse grids in a natural way, with an expected saving of computer runtime. Sparse grids on the sphere are described for rhomboidal and hexagonal cells. They are obtained by not using some of the full grid points. Technical problems and grid organization will be discussed with the purpose of reaching fully realistic applications. We present the description of a programming concept allowing people, using different programming styles at different locations, to work together. The concept of geometric files is introduced. Such geometric files can be offered for downloading and are supposed to allow Local-Galerkin methods to be introduced into an existing model with little effort. When the geometric files are known, the solution on a spherical grid is equivalent to the limited-area Galerkin solutions on the (irregular) plane grids on the patches. The proposed grids can be used with spectral elements (SE) and the Local-Galerkin methods o2o3 and o3o3. The latter offer an increased numerical efficiency which, in a toy model test, resulted in a ten-times-reduced computer run time.

Terminology and Guidelines for Diagnostic Assay Development and Validation: Best Practices for Molecular Tests

Effective use of diagnostic assays is essential for the early detection of plant pathogens and mitigation of potential disease impacts. Assay developers require a full understanding of the intended use of a test to address complicating factors that might be observed by an end user and limit the utility of the test and its scope of application in the field. The fitness of a test for a disease prevention application is determined by its performance characteristics, which are selected during assay design and defined during validation. This paper provides guidance to developers by standardizing the descriptions of key validation terms and concepts, including tiers that can be referenced in publications to better communicate the extent to which a test has been validated. These concepts are then applied in the broader context of a strategic approach to validation for various taxa and methods. The aim of this paper is to increase awareness of common pitfalls and gaps encountered during this process, with the goal of increased success in technology transfer. Recommendations are given for improving the efficiency and quality of test development through improved coordination among stakeholders. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

Determinasi Pembiayaan Bermasalah Menggunakan Maqosid Syariah Index (Studi Terhadap BMT Di Kota Tasikmalaya)

Baitul Mall Wa Tamwil (BMT) is a micro-level financial institution that operates as an intermediary for Muslim communities in particular and society in general for business sustainability and welfare. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that cause problematic financing at BMT in Tasikmalaya City using the Maqodid Syariah Index (MSI) method. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive concept where researchers go to the field by making observations, interviews involving seven BMT leaders in Tasikmalaya City. The approach method used is the Maqosid Syariah Index (MSI) which measures in terms of Tahzib Al Fardi, Iqamah Al Adalah, Jalb Al Maslahah. The results of this study indicate that BMT has difficulty in meeting its liquidity. There are two factors that cause problematic financing, namely internal factors including negligence of the financing examiner, the existence of a fraud attitude of employees, misappropriation of funds by the management, not using collateral, weaknesses in inspection and others. Meanwhile, external factors are customer defaults, lack of guidance and customer assistance, unwillingness to pay, bad business, fictitious domicile, the covid-19 epidemic which causes congestion in business. Even so, the BMT still considers the need for maqosid Sharia in running its business.

Which Hierarchical Levels of Value Description of Design Concepts Enhance Anticipated UX? Effects of Product Type on User Expectations

This study investigates the effects of the description of design concepts and the ease of anticipating how to use products on users’ subjective evaluation before use. The findings of this study contribute to considerations of a method of value transmission to be used to enhance the anticipated UX. Usefulness, usableness, desirableness, and willingness to use were compared among four conditions with different levels of value evaluation structure (product attributes, functional benefits, emotional benefits, essential value). The results reveal that the participants experienced a greater expectation of product attributes when they more easily imagined using them. On the other hand, participants felt a high expectation of emotional benefit when they found it difficult to anticipate how to use a product.

A Virtual Reality Museum to Reinforce the Interpretation of Contemporary Art and Increase the Educational Value of User Experience

The cultural heritage sector increasingly integrates augmented and virtual reality (VR) solutions to meet dissemination and interpretation needs for its collections. As research in the field grows, the required entertainment and learning impacts of such applications are rising. This study presents a VR museum that aims to facilitate an understanding of cultural heritage. More specifically, an exhibition was designed, curated and developed in a VR environment based on a framework that encourages the public’s interaction with the artworks and experiential learning through activities that utilize VR functionalities in a meaningful way. This framework was applied in a contemporary art museum where the description of artistic concepts is not always obvious to the general public due to the abstract forms of the artworks or the particularities of different artistic movements. This paper focuses on the application development and three user experience evaluations (museum experts, technical experts and general audience). The results were positive regarding the perceived sense of control, usability and the feelings of the user, including their sense of entertainment. Additionally, the participants valued the educational value of the developed activity types and their usefulness. Moreover, the users were interested in exploring the cultural heritage content available in the exhibition, and they would suggest the application to colleagues or friends.

A conceptual review of Artavavaha Srotas and its Viddha Lakshan

According to Ayurvedic Samhitas, Srotas is a structural and functional unit of the body. Srotas are the hollow spaces or channels which are responsible for any movement or transformation. There are many types of Srotas mention by Acharyas. Maharshi Charaka explains Srotas as a medicinal aspect and Maharshi Sushruta explains Srotas according to surgical aspect. Artavavaha Srotas is Antarmukh Srotas which are also known as Yogawahi Srotas. It is similar to the female reproductive system in modern medical science. As per Maharshi Sushruta, Artavavaha Srotas are two in number and their Moolsthana is Garbhashaya and Artavavahi Dhamanya. Any trauma to this Srotas causes Bhandhayatva (infertility), Artavanasha (amenorrhea) and Maithuna Asahishnuta (dyspareunia). In this study description of Ayurvedic concept along with discussion regarding the patho-clinical perspective of Artavavaha Srotas and its Viddha Lakshan in light of modern science.

Automated detection of propagating cracks in RC beams without shear reinforcement based on DIC-controlled modeling of damage localization

In spite of an extensive research in the past few decades, design of beams without shear reinforcement is still considered to be a challenging task. With the goal of developing realistic and simple engineering models, many researchers have contributed to the development of analytical and numerical approaches that have improved the understanding of the mechanical background of shear fracture. Still, some assumptions in these approaches, such as the rigid body kinematics which relies on the assumption of a uniquely identifiable center of rotation, have raised critical questions in the scientific community that need further consideration. In this paper, an automated crack detection scheme based on DIC-controlled modeling of damage localization is developed and presented. This scheme enables an automatic evaluation of opening and sliding profiles along the crack ligament, the center of rotation between two neighboring concrete teeth, and the moment–rotation curve directly from the DIC measurements of the surface displacement. To demonstrate the feasibility and the features of the developed scheme, verification studies are performed using tests performed on longitudinally reinforced concrete beams. The description of the mathematical concepts behind the developed crack detection scheme is accompanied with the explanation of the implementation method using modern Python packages for scientific computing, providing code snippets that show a straightforward translation of the mathematics into an executable code. Furthermore, a publicly available implementation of the developed scheme is provided in the form of an interactive Jupyter notebook.

The Faith Concept in the Kyrgyz Language Worldview

The article is devoted to the description of the faith concept in the Kyrgyz language picture of the world, to the definition of ways of its verbalization in the cognitive space and its linguistic reflection. The problem of faith is a deep and serious topic, which is the subject of many works in theology and philosophy. We will focus only on those points that are important for the purposes of this study. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the concept of ishenim — faith in the Kyrgyz language worldview and to determine the ways of its verbalization in the cognitive space and its linguistic reflection. The issues of identifying the logical-cognitive and semantic features of the concept of faith, the ways of its verbalization in the human mind and in the language are devoted to many works in various fields of science: in philosophy, psychology, literary criticism, linguistics. On the material of the Kyrgyz language, this concept is considered for the first time from the linguocultural and semantic-cognitive points of view.

HyperCube4x: Exploring and Analyzing Data in Virtual Reality Using HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer

Hypercube is a novel viewport management and information visualization system proposal that introduces three applications (called WorkScenes), focusing on interaction, immersive reading, data exploration, analysis, and visualization concepts. After presenting the conceptual description, interaction metaphors, and the prototype in a previous publication, this article presents HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, the WorkScenes focused on multidimensional data exploration, analysis, and visualization. First, the manuscript explores previous work on Human-Computer Interaction-related disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, cognitive engineering, and neuroscience. Then, we introduce HyperRelational and HyperAnalyzer, focusing on their fundamental concepts 1) Geometrical visualization; 2) mapping relationships among information as spatial dimensions. Also, the Screenshots help illustrate the mentioned concepts. Finally, the “Results and Discussion” section demonstrates how these features integrate with the flow, presence, and immersion of Virtual Reality, fit Shneiderman’s visual-information-seeking mantra and solve some desktop metaphor-related issues. Additionally, we present test results conducted with 26 participants that show an acceptability rate of 74% amongst users and highlight their positive feedback/experience regarding HyperAnalyzer. On the other hand, the System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation scored 60.6731. The score demonstrates that HyperAnalyser scored a little better than Microsoft Excel. Therefore, we conclude that the concepts presented here are viable, but it is still necessary to evolve usability to make HyperCube commercially viable.

THE IMPORTANCE, CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS ADDRESSED BY MIRCEA ELIADE IN HIS STUDIES ON THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS

Religion, which is first and foremost a state of belief and faith, in other words, a phenomenon unique to humanity, is the subject of research in the history of religions as well as many other disciplines within the scope of religious sciences. The discipline of history of religions not only fulfills an important function today because it comparatively analyzes the phenomenon of religion, religious issues, and the manifestations of the sacred in different religions, but also evolves in a unique line of thinking and understanding like other social sciences. Mircea Eliade is the most important philosopher and historian of religions who grew up in the 20th century in the field of History of Religions, progressed in the line of Rudolf Otto and made his main contribution to this discipline in the hermeneutic sense. Throughout his life, Eliade did not use the basic concepts he used in his work in the field of history of religions in a purely literal sense, but rather he gave these concepts more ontological, semantic, and meaningful significance as he approached them from a broader perspective. Eliade, who frequently uses concepts such as the sacred, profane, homo religiosus, symbol, initiation, image, myth, hierophany, mana, taboo, archetype in his studies and works, emphasizes the reality of these concepts and their importance for both primitive and modern societies and reveals their historical manifestations. In this study, the importance, classification and description of the basic concepts Eliade deals with in his works and their positions in the history of religions are tried to be explained from Eliade's perspective by processing them in depth with all their realities.

“You have to live with some risk, it’s part of the profession”. Specialist ambulance nurses’ perceptions of assignments involving ongoing lethal violence

BackgroundAs a result of several violent terrorist incidents, authorities in Sweden have shifted from previous approaches of being certain that it is safe for the ambulance service to enter the scene, to a one where “safe enough” is sufficient, potentially making it possible to save more lives. The aim was therefore to describe specialist ambulance nurses' perceptions of the new approach to assignments involving incidents with ongoing lethal violence.MethodsThis interview study employed a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach in accordance with Dahlgren and Fallsberg.ResultsFive categories containing conceptual descriptions were developed from the analysis: Collaboration, Unsafe environments, Resources, Unequipped and Risk taking and self-protection.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need to ensure that the ambulance service is a learning organisation, where clinicians with experience of an ongoing lethal violence event can pass on and share their knowledge with colleagues to prepare mentally for such an event. Potentially compromised security in the ambulance service when dispatched to ongoing lethal violence incidents needs to be addressed.

Assessing the Alignment between the Information Needs of Developers and the Documentation of Programming Languages: A Case Study on Rust

Programming language documentation refers to the set of technical documents that provide application developers with a description of the high-level concepts of a language (e.g., manuals, tutorials, and API references). Such documentation is essential to support application developers in effectively using a programming language. One of the challenges faced by documenters (i.e., personnel that design and produce documentation for a programming language) is to ensure that documentation has relevant information that aligns with the concrete needs of developers, defined as the missing knowledge that developers acquire via voluntary search. In this article, we present an automated approach to support documenters in evaluating the differences and similarities between the concrete information need of developers and the current state of documentation (a problem that we refer to as the topical alignment of a programming language documentation). Our approach leverages semi-supervised topic modelling that uses domain knowledge to guide the derivation of topics. We initially train a baseline topic model from a set of Rust -related Q&A posts. We then use this baseline model to determine the distribution of topic probabilities of each document of the official Rust documentation. Afterwards, we assess the similarities and differences between the topics of the Q&A posts and the official documentation. Our results show a relatively high level of topical alignment in Rust documentation. Still, information about specific topics is scarce in both the Q&A websites and the documentation, particularly related topics with programming niches such as network, game, and database development. For other topics (e.g., related topics with language features such as structs, patterns and matchings, and foreign function interface), information is only available on Q&A websites while lacking in the official documentation. Finally, we discuss implications for programming language documenters, particularly how to leverage our approach to prioritize topics that should be added to the documentation.

Prevention Aiming at Functioning—Describing Prevention in the Context of Rehabilitation: A Discussion Paper

The widely accepted model of prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, focuses predominantly on diseases. The WHO provides a comprehensive model of health conceptualized on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This paper develops a conceptual description of prevention aimed at functioning on the basis of the ICF model. Starting from the ICF-based conceptual descriptions of rehabilitation as a health strategy, a conceptual description of functioning prevention has been developed. Prevention aiming at functioning is the health strategy that applies approaches to avoid or reduce risks of impairing bodily functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions; to strengthen the resources of the person; to optimize capacity and performance; to prevent impairments of bodily functions and structures; to prevent activity limitations and participation restrictions; to reduce contextual risk factors and barriers, including personal and environmental factors; to promote and strengthen contextual facilitators, with the goal of enabling people with impairments and people at risk of disability; and to maintain or improve the level of functioning in interactions with the environment. The proposed concept widens the scope of prevention to all aspects of functioning, including contextual factors.

Представление о счастье в языковом сознании носителей русской культуры: психолингвистический аспект

The comprehensive description of the Russian language consciousness fragment, which is associated with the feeling of happiness, is introduced in conformity with the psycholinguistic approach to the analysis of linguistic facts. The article describes the associative field of the happiness lexeme in the Russian language. Some culturally rich cognitive features that form the content of the happiness as the feeling in the Russian linguistic consciousness have been identified with consideration of associative dictionaries. The analysis has resulted in determining some basic cognitive categories in the Russian language consciousness: emotion and feeling, belonging, object, evaluation, being, volume, space, time, state, action, characteristic, quality, expression, subject-person, reason, light, distance, goal, animals, desire, weight, color, place, food, value, attitude, degree, plant, others. The metaphorical models of the Happiness concept realization have been observed: happiness is a living being; happiness is light; happiness is a place to be; happiness is food; happiness is an object. They are characteristic and significant for the mentality of the Russian language native speakers. The algorithm suggested for the linguistic analysis of Happiness concept may be applied to the description of other emotive concepts. All the results obtained during the analysis, are relevant for the development of psycholinguistics and emotive linguistics.

Systematic Review of Smart Classroom for Hard Skills Training in Augmented and Virtual Reality Environments

Advances in augmented and virtual reality (AVR) technology have allowed for the development of AVR interactive learning environments (AVR-ILEs) with increasing fidelity. When paired with a suitably capable computer tutor agent, such environments can permit adaptive and self-directed learning of procedural skills in some cases. We undertook a comprehensive review of published smart classroom (SC) solutions to facilitate hard skills training in AVR-ILEs. We established the learning context and implemented support for hard skills training for each of the seven solutions that qualified for the final analysis. Typically, AVR-ILEs mimic realistic work conditions or equipment. The aim of this study is to solutions featuring a smart classroom for hard skills training in an AVR-ILEs have been described. In the study, it is also aimed to types of AVR-ILEs from a smart classroom (SC) have been implemented to support hard skills training. This systematic review is based on the reporting criteria of PRISMA 2020 and the scope of the study consists of 9 academic studies including the keyword "smart classroom" and the keywords "augmented reality" or "virtual reality" in academic studies scanned in Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Eric, ScienceDirect and ACM Digital Library. In this study, the distribution of the studies used in the Smart Classroom for Hard Skills Training in Augmented and Virtual Reality Environments (SCHST-AVRE) by solution, domain, country, concept description, country, reviewed papers, learning objective(s), learning tasks, and the context of the technology used is included. In order to contribute to the research on the AVR-ILEs, it has been tried to determine the opportunities and risks that teaching in the SCHST-AVRE can offer to the field of education. In addition, it is thought that this study will shed a light on future studies.

Using Transition Systems to Formalize Ideas from Vedānta

Abstract Vedānta is one of the oldest philosophical systems. While there are many detailed commentaries on Vedānta, there are very few mathematical descriptions of the different concepts developed there. This article shows how ideas from theoretical computer science can be used to explain Vedānta. The standard ideas of transition systems and modal logic are used to develop a formal description for the different ideas in Vedānta. The generality of the formalism is illustrated via a number of examples including saṃsāra, Patañjali’s Yogasūtras, karma, the three avasthās from the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad and the key difference between advaita and dvaita in relation to mokṣa.

A multi-objective solution approach for the design of a sustainable and robust system of wastewater treatment plants: The case of Chile

Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century. Combined with a more erratic and uncertain supply, this will aggravate the situation of currently water-stressed regions and generate water stress in areas with abundant water resources. It presents a major challenge for climate adaptation and raises the need for new sources of water resources. The research question, then, is whether there are sustainable supply chain configurations for wastewater reuse capable of operating with frequent changes in water demand and wastewater availability. Then, a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MoMILP) model to provide an explicit description of the robustness concept is formulated. To illustrate the proposal’s usefulness, the current situation in the center-north zone of Chile, where the availability and demand of water resources continue to fluctuate by natural and economic factors, is considered. The results provide five robust and sustainable supply chain configurations for wastewater reuse alternatives. They guarantee to meet the minimum demand for the resource with the amount available in any scenario. These results could be the basis for governmental policies related to tenders for wastewater reuse plant development, considering water is a common pool resource. Finally, some theoretical and practical contributions, extensions, managerial implications, and future work are discussed to develop a robust and generalized approach for the generation of public plans and policies in the design of robust and sustainable wastewater treatment plant systems.