Systematic Review of Smart Classroom for Hard Skills Training in Augmented and Virtual Reality Environments

Abstract

Advances in augmented and virtual reality (AVR) technology have allowed for the development of AVR interactive learning environments (AVR-ILEs) with increasing fidelity. When paired with a suitably capable computer tutor agent, such environments can permit adaptive and self-directed learning of procedural skills in some cases. We undertook a comprehensive review of published smart classroom (SC) solutions to facilitate hard skills training in AVR-ILEs. We established the learning context and implemented support for hard skills training for each of the seven solutions that qualified for the final analysis. Typically, AVR-ILEs mimic realistic work conditions or equipment. The aim of this study is to solutions featuring a smart classroom for hard skills training in an AVR-ILEs have been described. In the study, it is also aimed to types of AVR-ILEs from a smart classroom (SC) have been implemented to support hard skills training. This systematic review is based on the reporting criteria of PRISMA 2020 and the scope of the study consists of 9 academic studies including the keyword "smart classroom" and the keywords "augmented reality" or "virtual reality" in academic studies scanned in Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Eric, ScienceDirect and ACM Digital Library. In this study, the distribution of the studies used in the Smart Classroom for Hard Skills Training in Augmented and Virtual Reality Environments (SCHST-AVRE) by solution, domain, country, concept description, country, reviewed papers, learning objective(s), learning tasks, and the context of the technology used is included. In order to contribute to the research on the AVR-ILEs, it has been tried to determine the opportunities and risks that teaching in the SCHST-AVRE can offer to the field of education. In addition, it is thought that this study will shed a light on future studies.