Descriptive Analysis Research Articles

Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds of Soy Sauce-like Aroma Produced in Ferment of Soybeans by Bacillus subtilis BJ3-2

Fermented soybeans are popular among many for their rich soy sauce-like aroma. However, the precise composition of this aroma remains elusive, with key aroma compounds unidentified. In this study, we screened the candidate genes ilvA and serA in BJ3-2 based on previous multi-omics data, and we constructed three mutant strains, BJ3-2-ΔserA, BJ3-2-ΔilvA, and BJ3-2-ΔserAΔilvA, using homologous recombination to fermented soybeans with varying intensities of soy sauce-like aroma. Our objective was to analyze samples that exhibited different aroma intensities resulting from the fermented soybeans of BJ3-2 and its mutant strains, thereby exploring the key flavor compounds influencing soy sauce-like aroma as well analyzing the effects of ilvA and serA on soy sauce-like aroma. We employed quantitative descriptive sensory analysis (QDA), gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), relative odor activity value analysis (rOAV), principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR). QDA revealed the predominant soy sauce-like aroma profile of roasted and smoky aromas. GC-MS detected 99 volatile components, predominantly pyrazines and ketones, across the four samples, each showing varying concentrations. Based on rOAV (>1) and GC-O, 12 compounds emerged as primary contributors to soy sauce-like aroma. PCA and OPLS-DA were instrumental in discerning aroma differences among the samples, identifying five compounds with VIP > 1 as key marker compounds influencing soy sauce-like aroma intensity levels. Differential analyses of key aroma compounds indicated that the mutant strains of ilvA and serA affected soy sauce-like aroma mainly by affecting pyrazines. PLSR analysis indicated that roasted and smoky aromas were the two most important sensory attributes of soy sauce-like aroma, with pyrazines associated with roasted aroma and guaiacol associated with smoky aroma. In addition, substances positively correlated with the intensity of soy sauce-like aroma were verified by additional experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristic flavor compounds in soy sauce-like aroma ferments, provides new perspectives for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of soy sauce-like aroma formation, and provides a theoretical framework for the targeted enhancement of soy sauce-like aroma in various foods.

Association between biomass exposure and COPD occurrence in Fez, Morocco: results from the BOLD study

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between biomass exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a representative sample of adults from the Moroccan populationMethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Fez as...

Global research trends and hotspots on smoking and lung cancer from 1994-2023: A bibliometric analysis.

Lung cancer is a significant cause of mortality, especially among smokers. Lung cancer and smoking are strongly associated, according to numerous studies. Publications related to smoking and lung cancer were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database of the Web of Science Core Collection for the period 1994-2023. Descriptive and visual analyses were performed on the topics, journals, countries, institutions, authors, and citations of the publications. A total of 728 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) SCIE database for the period January 1994 to December 2023, and the number of publications in the relevant literature demonstrated a progressive increase with time. A total of 647 articles were classified as experimental, while 81 were classified as reviews. The studies were published in 200 journals. The three journals that published the most articles were the American Journal of Epidemiology with 82 articles, Lung Cancer with 34 articles, and Cancer Causes and Control with 26 articles. The three most prolific countries were the United States (286 articles, 38.3%; 15879 citations), China (116 articles, 15.9%; 2911 citations), and France (75 articles, 10.3%; 3694 citations). The four most popular keywords in this field are 'early cancer detection', 'experimental', 'CT', and 'survival rate'. The findings of our study revealed key areas for focus in smoking and lung cancer research, having a view of supplying important data and motivation for further investigations.

ANALYSIS OF LIQUIDITY RATIOS AND PROFITABILITY RATIOS TO ASSESS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

PT. GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk experienced a profit that continued to decline from 2019 to 2022. The purpose of this study is to determine how the profitability ratio is seen from gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity at PT. GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk for the 2019-2022 period and to find out how the liquidity ratio is seen from the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio at PT. GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk for the 2019-2022 period. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis by analyzing the company's financial performance data from 2019 to 2022 using financial ratio analysis based on data listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and data from the official website of PT. GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk. Based on the results of Liquidity Ratio analysis at PT. GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk can be said to be good. The Profitability Ratio of PT GoTo Tbk is in a poor position, because it tends to decline below the industry average. The company has sufficient ability to guarantee and pay off its debts to creditors. The results of this financial ratio analysis can also be used as an indicator for investors who are interested in investing in PT GoTo Tbk because the company's financial condition remains strong.

Implementation Of Problem-Based Learning In Sar Education And Training: A Narrative Study At Basarnas

The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth examination of the implementation of the problem-based learning (PBL) process through SAR (Search and Rescue education and training) experienced by Basarnas Yogyakarta members. The PBL model, which is relevant to the needs of SAR personnel, helps them face emergency situations and prepares them through realistic and learner-centered education. This research used a qualitative method with a narrative approach. The subjects of this study are 10 SAR personnel. Data were collected using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The data analysis technique follows the qualitative descriptive analysis model of Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, & Johnny Saldana, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the learning process using the PBL model through SAR training is oriented toward student-centered learning. The extensive opportunities provided by the PBL model offer direct experience that aligns with the goals of SAR training, fostering the development of problem-solving skills, teamwork, motivation, and independent learning among SAR personnel. The results of this study are expected to make a significant contribution to SAR education literature, offer practical recommendations for developing more effective and responsive SAR training curricula, and provide practical guidelines for other training institutions. The results of this research can be a basis for developing SAR training policies and curricula that are more problem-solving oriented. Basarnas may consider adopting PBL as the main approach in SAR education and training across their units.

Efektivitas Penanganan Barang Bawaan Tamu Tiba Pada Saat Peak Hours di Hotel Prama Sanur Beach Bali

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effectiveness handling luggage for guests arriving during peak hours at Hotel Prama Sanur Beach Bali. Data was obtained by interview techniques, documentation and observation check list. The data that has been collected ,analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis technique, namely by describing the facts in the field in the form of the results of the implementation of standard operating procedures (SOP) for handling arriving guests' luggage carried out by bellboy officers at Hotel Prama Sanur Beach Bali. The results show many as seven steps of procedures for handling arriving guest luggage have been implemented in accordance with the applicable standard operating procedures. Meanwhile, as many as four steps of procedures for handling arriving guest luggage have not been implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures. Procedures for handling arriving guests' luggage that have not been implemented include: not preparing trolleys and checking the condition of the trolleys, not checking and counting arriving guests' luggage, not explaining the facilities in the room and not offering assistance to guests before leaving the room. Therefore, the bell captain is expected to increase supervision of bellboy officers so that they are more obedient in carrying out their work. Keywords: Effectiveness, Handling, Bellboy, SOP

Examining the Impact of the Solo-Yogyakarta Toll Road Construction on Farmers’ Assets and Psychological Well-being

<p>This study investigates the psychological impact of farmers’ sentiments on land conversion associated with the national strategic project for constructing the Solo-Yogyakarta toll road, focusing on the asset aspects of farmers’ families. Employing descriptive and survey approaches, supplemented by in-depth interviews to enhance the research design, the study utilized a random sampling method with a proportional cluster, encompassing a sample size of 258 participants. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, and analysis involved cross-tabulation and chi-square descriptive analysis to examine relationships between factors. The findings reveal that farmers experience psychological distress, particularly sadness, due to the change in land use and the option to sell their land. Farmers’ attitudes toward compensation procedures were generally neutral. Overall, the study highlights the significant psychological impact of land conversion, predominantly manifesting as sadness among farmers. The research underscores the need for policy development to establish support programs by relevant entities, ensuring that compensation funds are effectively utilized to generate new income sources for the affected farmers.</p>

PENELITIAN DAMPAK SOSIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DAN MINAT BELI KONSUMEN

In research on social media, it was concluded that social media is a platform that is widely used by various individuals, with Instagram being one of the frequently used social media. When analyzing purchasing interest, it was found that many people looked for information about various products via Instagram, which then generated purchasing interest and influenced purchasing decisions. In the analysis of purchasing decisions, it was found that Instagram has features that support consumers to make transactions on their platform which will increase consumer purchasing decisions to be stronger. From the results of the descriptive analysis of social media, it shows that respondents agree that social media encourages respondents to shop online. via the Instagram application, from the results of the descriptive analysis of purchasing interest, respondents agree that there is purchasing interest in shopping online via the Instagram application. From the results of the descriptive analysis of purchasing decisions, respondents agree that purchasing decisions encourage respondents to shop online via the Instagram application and can easily make transactions through the feature. -features in the Instagram application, from the results of hypothesis testing, there is a positive relationship between social media and consumer buying interest, and from the results of hypothesis testing, there is a positive relationship between buying interest and purchasing decisions.

The Complex Mechanism of Social Networks' Influence on the Behavior of Institutional Investors

It examines the mechanism of influence on institutional investors by social networks, specifically looking at the dual roles of information dissemination and social capital accumulation. This paper collects financial data, transaction records, and social network data concerning institutional investors. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate regression analysis were adopted to test the critical impact of social networks on investment decisions. The results show that information sources and social capital have a significant positive impact on investment amounts. Institutional investors who can obtain direct information sources have significantly increased their investment amounts, and the accumulation of social capital also has a significant promoting effect on investment amounts. Descriptive statistical analysis reveals the differences in the social capital and information sources of different investors on their investment behaviors. Regression analysis further quantifies these effects. It can be seen that information sources and social capital were 200000 and 10000 respectively, while the P value was far less than 0.01, highly significant in general. This paper not only verifies the key role of social network in institutional investors' behavior but provides a very important reference to sponsoring actual investment decisions. It shows how social networks have a significant role in information dispersion and accumulation of social capital on the behavior of guiding institutional investors. This promotes more extensive use of the scope of social network theory applications in the context of finance literature and provides newer perspectives and strategies for institutional investors.

THE INFLUENCE OF JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB PLACEMENT ON PERFORMANCE FINANCE OFFICER AT THE HIGHWAY AND CONSTRUCTION AGENCY LAMPUNG PROVINCE

The importance of job characteristics and job placement affects the performance of financial employees. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the variables of job characteristics, job placement, affect the performance of financial employees of the BMBK Office of Lampung Province. The sample in this study is 35 respondents in the Finance section of the BMBK Office, using multiple linear regression analysis, and validity test methods, reality tests with descriptive analysis, by using the (SPSS)23 program as a tool to analyze data through statistical analysis. After conducting research by filling out a questionnaire, the results were obtained that 30 respondents (85.7%) agreed with the characteristics of the job, for the variable of employing work, 21 respondents (60.0%) expressed their agreement, for the variable of employee performance, as many as 25 respondents (71.5%) expressed agreement. The findings of this study show that characteristics and placement have a significant and positive influence on the performance of BMBK Service Employees partially. Simultaneously, the characteristic variables and placement together have a significant effect and contribute 90.6% of the relationships between the variables studied by the researchers.

Aktualisasi Sila Pertama Terhadap Karakter Religius Generasi Muda di Era Society 5.0

Indonesia's young generation as the nation's successor is required to be able to adjust to the development of digital technology in the Era of Society 5.0. Digitalization has a huge impact on the character of the younger generation, especially the religious character which is currently fading. The actualization of the first precept towards religious character is needed for the younger generation to improve their spirituality. This study aims to understand the relationship of the first precept to the improvement of the religious character of the younger generation in the 5.0 era. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a mixed approach (Mix Method). This research uses data collection techniques in the form of distributing questionnaires to respondents, which are then reviewed using literature review or literature study from related sources. The results of this study indicate that the actualization of the first precept is an important part of creating a religious character of the younger generation, because it has a strong relevance to one's personality. This study seeks to improve the religious character of the younger generation by implementing the noble values contained in the first precept of Pancasila.

Premarket Pivotal Trial End Points and Postmarketing Requirements for FDA Breakthrough Therapies

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awards the breakthrough therapy designation to expedite development and review of therapeutics intended to treat serious conditions when preliminary clinical evidence demonstrates potential substantial improvement over existing therapies on clinically significant end points. Under the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016, the FDA is required to publish and routinely update a list of surrogate markers to provide industry sponsors with indication-specific information about end points that were or may be considered for approval. Therapeutics that are granted breakthrough therapy designation can receive accelerated or traditional approval; however, little is known about those approved through the latter pathway, where postmarketing confirmatory studies are typically not required, regardless of the end point used. To evaluate the primary end points used in premarket pivotal trials supporting FDA breakthrough therapy-designated approvals and to determine whether postmarketing studies confirming efficacy were required for approvals based on pivotal trials using surrogate markers as primary end points. This cross-sectional study used data from the Drugs@FDA database for all original breakthrough therapy-designated approvals from inception to December 31, 2023, in the US. The first designation was approved on November 1, 2013. Data analysis was performed in January 2024. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize the breakthrough therapy-designated indication approval pathways, the primary end points of pivotal efficacy trials, and their postmarketing requirements or commitments. From 2013 to 2023, the FDA approved 157 original indications with breakthrough therapy designation. Of these, 52 (33%) were granted accelerated approval and 105 (67%) were granted traditional approval. All accelerated approvals were based on pivotal trials using surrogate markers as primary end points and had FDA-required postmarketing studies to confirm efficacy. Of these 52 indications, 51 (98%) were approved based on surrogate end points listed in the FDA table of surrogate end points for the same indication. Among traditional approvals, 61 (58%) were based on pivotal trials using surrogate markers as primary end points, of which 4 (7%) had FDA-required postmarketing studies to confirm efficacy and 39 (64%) were approved based on surrogate end points listed in the FDA table for the same indication. In this cross-sectional study of original FDA breakthrough therapy-designated approvals from 2013 to 2023, trials supporting these approvals often used surrogate markers as primary end points (even when not approved via accelerated approval) and lacked FDA-required postmarketing studies to verify clinical benefit. These findings suggest that requiring postmarketing studies for breakthrough therapy-designated indications approved based on surrogate markers, regardless of approval pathway, may increase patient and clinician certainty of the expected clinical benefit.

The Relationship between Incorrect Body Posture in Elementary School Children on Idiopathic Scoliosis

Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition of spinal deformity characterized by abnormal lateral curvature. The factor that is thought to play a role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is incorrect body posture. This research is a correlation study which aims to determine the significant relationship between incorrect body posture and the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children. This research approach uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive quantitative research type with a correlational model. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, documentation and measurements using a scoliometer. The population in this study were all sixth grade students at SDIT Bangkinang Elementary School, totaling 35 students. Independent variable is a sitting position using the Questionnaire on Body Awareness of Postural Habits in Young People (Q BAPHYP) measurement tool. The dependent variable is scoliosis measured using the Adam's Forward bending test. Data analysis techniques are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. After analyzing the research results, it shows that incorrect body posture has a significant relationship with the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children as proven by the results of data analysis, p= 0.000 or p< 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between incorrect body posture and the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children.

Key influence factors of carbon emissions in Malaysian construction operations

The urgency to mitigate carbon emissions has gained significant societal attention as the consequences of climate change continue to unfold. There is a notable scarcity of studies conducted on carbon emissions for construction operations. Hence, the aim is to identify the key influence factor of carbon emissions to develop a carbon reduction framework for construction operations. A survey was conducted with 297 Malaysian construction stakeholders to analyze 18 factors. Descriptive and Rasch analysis were used. Results revealed the reliability and validity of the model, which could help to explore ways to reduce carbon emissions during the construction phase. The findings indicate that a gradual transformation process is necessary to expedite the transition towards a low-carbon construction. The research enhances the existing literature by emphasising the key factors for stakeholders who aim to efficiently manage carbon emissions during a construction project. There are different ideas on how to estimate and manage carbon emissions in construction projects, but there are no standardized ways. This study looks into the main factors that contribute to the generation of carbon emissions in construction, to identify ways to reduce them evaluating these factors from the perspective of different stakeholders.

Halal Labels and Religious Commitment: Their Impact on Bottled Water Purchases

Research Aims: To determine how halal labelling affects purchasing decisions for bottled drinking water products among Muslim students in Solo Design/methodology/approach: The study used quantitative descriptive analysis with primary data. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis with independent variables, namely halal labelling (X1) and religiosity (X2). The number of samples in the study was 183 respondents. This study uses a purposive sampling technique with specific criteria. The study's dependent variable (Y) is the decision to purchase bottled drinking water Research Findings: halal labelling and religiosity have a positive and significant effect on customer decisions to buy bottled mineral water drinks. The value of the coefficient of determination concluded that the contribution of the independent variables in the regression model can explain the variation of the dependent variable by 48,6%. In contrast, the rest is explained by other variables outside the regression equation model. Based on the analysis results, actual steps need to follow up on purchasing decisions for halal bottled drinking water products, one of which is that the university can provide and facilitate the availability of bottled drinking water (AMDK) products on the campus. Besides increasing awareness of halal drinking water, it can also positively impact the development of halal products in universities in Solo. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The research highlights the simultaneous and partial influence of halal labelling and religiosity on purchasing decisions for bottled drinking water in universities in Solo. This adds a nuanced understanding of consumer behavior in a specific religious and educational context. The study emphasizes the need for further research into the urgency of providing halal AMDK, suggesting that such products are crucial for consumer assurance. This calls attention to a potentially underserved market segment. Keywords: Halal Label, Religiosity, Purchase Decision, Bottled Drinking Water.

Investigating The Relationship Between Teacher Self-Efficacy and Student Achievement

In the context of teaching, teacher self-efficacy can significantly impact teaching practices, classroom management strategies, and, ultimately, student learning outcomes. As the educational landscape continues to change rapidly, teachers must prioritize their professional development to meet the diverse needs of their students and ensure their success in the digital age. This study aims to analyze the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and student learning outcomes, teachers, and significant findings or patterns between the two, and compare the results with similar studies from previous studies. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this investigation, using a case study type. Qualitative descriptive analysis techniques were used for the data analysis process involving 38 teachers, madrasah principals, and K.K.M. Prigen Pasuruan administrators. The results of this study found 1. A positive correlation between teacher self-efficacy and student learning outcomes which highlights the importance of supporting teachers in developing confidence in their self-efficacy. 2. Implications for differences in levels of self-efficacy in various teacher demographic groups such as age, gender, teaching experience, and educational background. 3. Addressing gaps through appropriate interventions and support systems such as appropriate policies, infrastructure and teaching facilities can help strengthen the relationship between teacher independence and student learning outcomes, leading to more effective educational practices and policies in madrasahs and beyond.

THE ROLE OF GOOD FINANCIAL RECORDS ON THE PROGRESS OF BANDAR LAMPUNG STREET VENDOR BUSINESS

MSMEs have become a very important sector in the Indonesian economy. One of them is included in the type of MSMEs that refer to micro, small, and medium enterprises which are often identified with the term street vendors or abbreviated as street vendors. In running a business, the important thing to do and apply is financial recording. Good financial records become capital in good business management in order to achieve success in their business. This study aims to measure the extent to which the involvement of street vendors around the governor's office field (Jl. Wolter Monginsidi, Teluk Betung Utara, Bandar Lampung) understands and implements good financial records in their business. This research applies a qualitative approach and uses case studies as a research method. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. From the findings of the research that has been conducted, street vendors who carry out trading activities around the governor's office field (Jl. Wolter Monginsidi, Teluk Betung Utara, Bandar Lampung) do not understand and apply good financial records in their business. Limited knowledge about good financial records is an obstacle for traders to implement good financial records.

Parental perspectives on fertility preservation for their trans and gender-expansive children: Reflections on complexities of autonomy, support, and societal realities

Introduction Navigating fertility preservation poses unique challenges for young transgender and gender expansive (TGE) youths, who must balance short-term concerns like delaying gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) with long-term considerations of potential infertility. Parents play a crucial role in supporting their TGE children through their gender affirmation journey, which includes discussions about fertility preservation. Aim This study aimed to explore parental feelings and attitudes toward the fertility preservation of their TGE children, acknowledging the diverse perspectives shaped by societal, legal, and personal factors. Methods The study involved 82 parents who completed an online-distributed questionnaire. Participants were parents of TGE youths aged between six and twenty-five years old. The mixed-methods study utilized a tailored questionnaire comprising both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Results Descriptive analysis revealed that a significant majority of parents were aware of the effects of GAHT on fertility, with 65.3% expressing a desire for their children to have their own children in the future. However, parents shared that only 14.5% of children underwent a fertility preservation pathway, while 68.1% did not, citing barriers such as lack of services, cost, and procedural distress. Qualitative analysis identified four main themes: (1) Emotional response, (2) Parental expectations, (3) Parent-Child relationship, and (4) Structural barriers. Discussion Overall, the study underscores the multifaceted nature of parental experiences regarding fertility preservation for TGE individuals, emphasizing the importance of addressing societal norms, personal expectations, and structural barriers to ensure equitable access to reproductive healthcare services.

Motivasi Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Seni Budaya (Seni Musik) pada Kelas VIII C di SMPN 2 Batang Gasan

Cultural arts learning is one of the compulsory subjects taught at the Junior High School (SMP) level. Through cultural arts at school, students are able to express themselves and channel their creativity. In learning, student motivation is an important factor in determining student success in achieving understanding. Because motivation will influence a person's desire to do something. This study was conducted to describe student motivation towards learning cultural arts (music) in class VIII C at SMPN 2 Batang Gasan District. In conducting this study, the researchers employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The study focused on grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Batang Gasang, with the sample group being determined using the cluster random sampling technique. The selected sample consisted of students from class VIII C. To gather data, a questionnaire was distributed to the students, which was designed based on indicators of intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation. The collected data was then analyzed using the average equation and subjected to descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research obtained, it can be concluded that student motivation towards learning cultural arts (music) in class VIII C at SMPN 2 Batang Gasan District is obtained for internal motivation with an average value of 75.7% in the high category. As for extrinsic motivation, the average value is 65.32% in the high category. Overall, student motivation obtained an average value of 70.51% in the high category. Therefore, student motivation at SMPN 1 Batang Gasan can be categorised as high towards learning cultural arts, especially in music.

Effectiveness of the Team Quiz Method Assisted by Crossword Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the team quiz method assisted by crossword media on the learning outcomes of elementary school students. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a post-test only control group design. With a total population of class IV students at the Naikoten I State Elementary School, class IV, 30 students from class A and B. Samples were taken using random sampling. Data collection techniques were obtained from written tests in the form of multiple choices. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis and inferential statistics with the help of the SPSS version 22 application. The results of the research show that processing the independent t-test data obtained a sig value of 0.000<0.05, then Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected or in other words there is a significant difference between control and experimental classes in improving student learning outcomes on Norms in My Regional Customs material. Thus, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the Team Quiz Method Assisted by Crossword Media Improves the Learning Outcomes of Class IV Students on Norms in My Regional Customs at the Naikoten I Public Elementary School, Kupang City.