Descriptive Analysis Research Articles

Implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile on Global Diversity Dimensions in Junior High Schools

Globalization challenges national identity with global influences that disregard national borders and internal influences such as ethnic and regional ties. Pancasila is needed as a filter for new values to preserve local culture. This study explores the formation of the Profile of Pancasila Students in the Global Diversity dimension among 7th-grade students at Harapan Bangsa Outstanding Junior High School. This research used a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research sample consists of 7th-grade students at Harapan Bangsa Outstanding Junior High School. The research instruments included interview guidelines, observation sheets, and related documents. The data analysis technique used was an interactive descriptive analysis by Miles and Huberman, which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. The results showed that students can better explore, explain, and understand cultural diversity in Indonesia through active and interactive learning. Civics teachers' strategies in shaping the Profile of Pancasila Students with a Global Diversity dimension include jigsaw learning, Snowball Throwing, quizzes, and Pancasila Profile strengthening projects. The implications of this research contribute to the development of more effective and efficient learning to enhance students' ability to understand cultural diversity in Indonesia.

Analisis Kepuasan Petani Terhadap Atribut Benih Kentang (G2) Industri di Kabupaten Garut

Satisfaction is a product that is preferred to fulfill its desires. Potatoes are horticultural crops that have high carbohydrate content, adaptive business segments, clear markets, non-perishability, longer shelf life, and high economic value. Farmer satisfaction in assessing various attributes of seed potatoes is assessed from the fulfillment of expectations or expectations that are met, good performance, and perceived benefits. The purpose of this study is to measure farmers' satisfaction with industrial seed potatoes in Garut Regency. This study used a quantitative method with a descriptive analysis approach involving 100 respondents using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) analysis tools. The research was conducted in two districts in Garut Regency. The results of the study show that the level of satisfaction of potato farmers is at a satisfied level, where the attributes of industrial potato seeds included in Quadrant I are pest-free potato seeds and ease of obtaining them, seed morphology that has resistance to pests, seed production calculated from productivity and the number of tubers, market convenience, tuber selling prices, and services in assisting the production process. While the attributes of industrial potato seeds included in Quadrant II are price and quality assurance of distributed seeds. Then, located in Quadrant III are the purchase price of seeds and the timeliness of delivery. The need for both farmers and the government to intensify the use of certified superior potato seeds in order to produce potato production and productivity in accordance with market demand.

Benefits for the Greek economy from resolving bad loans and zombie firms

We examine the type and magnitude of negative externalities stemming from “zombie” firms in the Greek economy, focusing on investment, employment and productivity. For this purpose, we use a panel dataset of Greek firms broken down by size and sector of economic activity for the period 2002-2021. A descriptive analysis reveals a high positive correlation in the trends between non-performing business loans and the number of zombie companies in the Greek economy over the last twenty years. Through quantitative analysis, significant direct and indirect effects emerge from the degree of density of zombie firms at the total economy and sectoral levels. First, healthy firms outperform zombie firms in terms of investment growth, employment growth and productivity levels. Second, a high concentration of capital in zombie firms negatively affects the rate of investment growth of healthy firms in specific sectors of economic activity. Third, a high concentration of capital in zombie firms forces healthy firms to increase their overall productivity in order to survive. Fourth, a high concentration of capital in zombie firms prevents the reallocation of capital to more productive investments across firms and sectors of activity. Finally, younger and larger companies generally perform better in terms of investment and employment growth, and productivity levels. Overall, a faster resolution of zombie firms and non-performing corporate loans, both on and off bank balance sheets, allows a more efficient allocation of resources and can boost investment, employment and growth rates in the Greek economy in the medium to long term.

Strengthening Global Security: Critique on the NPT and NSG Mechanisms of Nuclear Export Control Regime

An export control regime plays a vital tool in the effort to counter the proliferation of traditional weapons and weapons of mass destruction. However, there are new and fundamental challenges with this system. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding and implementing nuclear export control mechanisms to advance international security and prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. The research will apply descriptive analysis of the mechanisms of nuclear export controls. Critical analysis of the nuclear export control apparatuses will be applied as a technique to review the loopholes in the enforcement mechanisms of these initiatives. The debate covers key aspects of nuclear export control, including legislative frameworks, industry compliance, licensing and authorization procedures, verification and monitoring systems and control scope. Understanding these elements will enable stakeholders to support responsible and peaceful transfers of nuclear technology while ensuring compliance with international commitments and nonproliferation standards. The paper further delves into the context of these regimes, which are constructed in a way that provides cushion to the international community led by the Western states. The article emphasizes the critical role of the mechanisms of nuclear export control in preserving international security by preventing the unauthorized transfer of sensitive nuclear materials and technology. It also emphasizes the need for industry and national collaboration in this regard.

Transpedicular Percutaneous Discectomy for High-Grade Down-Migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic discectomy using the transpedicular approach for hernias with down-migration.Methods: The study involved a retrospective descriptive analysis of 7 patients who underwent surgery by 2 senior surgeons at 4 different hospitals between 2016 and 2024. The minimum follow-up period was 6 months. All patients were treated with lumbar discectomy through a transpedicular approach with an oblique trajectory. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data were collected for statistical analysis.Results: The surgical procedures were successful and complication-free for all patients. The preoperative and postoperative radicular visual analogue scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: At the last follow-up, 100% of patients had good to excellent results according to the modified MacNab criteria. The transpedicular approach, when using a percutaneous endoscopic technique, requires precise surgical planning and accurate knowledge of the vertebral anatomy. The technique can be made more accessible to inexperienced surgeons by describing it with different instrumentation.

Overview of online pharmacy regulations in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf cooperation council countries and their impact on online pharmacy service providers in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative analysis

BackgroundLaws and regulations are needed to regulate the growing online pharmacy (OP) services. The main objective of this work was to provide an overview of the laws and regulations for OP services in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. In addition, the perception of how these laws and regulations in Saudi Arabia (SA) affect the online ordering of medications and health-related products from national and international OPs was explored.MethodsA secondary data collection through emails and a qualitative descriptive analysis was used to gain insight into the OP regulations in the GCC countries. Then, a qualitative study was carried out with semi-structured interviews to investigate the impact of these regulations on the practice and the market from the OP service providers’ perspective. The interviews were carried out with a sample of major OP service providers in SA, to represent the GCC countries. During the interviews, multiple open-ended questions were used to explore opinions about the OP regulations and how these regulations affected the practice. The interviews were then transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsResponses were mainly received from regulators in SA, Bahrain, Oman and United Arab Emirates (UAE). SA and UAE allow for offering of OP services as add-on service for existing community pharmacy, while UAE also allows for standalone OP providers. SA, Bahrain, and Oman allow online ordering of both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription-only medications (POM) from international OP; a prescription is required for POM and quantities allowed should be no more than 3 months’ supply in case of SA and Oman while this was not specified in case of Bahrain. Invoice of purchase was also required for any POM to be released from customs in SA and Bahrain but not in Oman and UAE. Controlled medications were prohibited to be ordered online in SA, UAE, and Bahrain while it was allowed in Oman if the prescription was issued within 6-month, and the quantity dispensed was for 1 month only. Apart from online ordering of medications in these countries, no specific regulations existed to regulate ordering of other health-related products from local or international OPs. Whether Kwait and Qatar have regulations for OP could not be established due to lack of response. Two of the four interviewed representatives of OP service providers in SA were not aware of the existence of specific regulations for OP services. The representatives who were aware of these regulations were satisfied with them and found them beneficial for their business and for the patients at the same time. However, representatives raised concerns regarding the enforcement of regulations on international OP providers.ConclusionThe existing regulations for online ordering of medications are somewhat comparable between the GCC countries, with no specific regulations for ordering of other health-related products from local or international OPs. In SA, there is limited awareness of the existing regulations for OP services by providers. Nevertheless, the need for detailed regulations on certain aspects of OP services was highlighted, such as regulations for international OPs and importing medications for personal use.

Strategy for developing the utilization of organic waste as an alternative source of electricity in Indonesia

Background: Indonesia has pledged to reach its Net Zero Emission target by 2060, necessitating the shift to renewable energy sources. To achieve this, Indonesia must transition from its current reliance on fossil fuel power plants to renewable energy generators, ensuring the same or greater electricity capacity. One viable renewable energy source is organic waste. This study aims to explore strategies for developing organic waste as an alternative energy source to bolster Indonesia's energy resilience and environmental sustainability. Method: The research employs a qualitative approach, including literature reviews and qualitative descriptive analysis. Result: Waste to Energy (WtE) processes convert waste into electricity and/or heat, aiding in greenhouse gas reduction, improving waste management efficiency, and supporting sustainable development. WtE technologies can utilize both thermochemical and biochemical methods to convert waste into energy. The Indonesian government is known to have 12 projects to accelerate the installation of Waste Processing into Electrical Energy, both the Waste Power Plants that have been in operation and under construction and using gasification as the method. The development of WtE faces various challenges ranging from completeness and consistency of regulations, high tipping fees, complex cooperation mechanisms and business models, problems with the characteristics and nature of Indonesian waste that need special handling, and rejection from residents. Conclusion: Strategies that can be implemented in developing WtE in Indonesia include drafting policies and regulations, increasing public awareness, collaboration with the private sector, choosing the right technology, developing infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of waste collection, and international partnerships. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers concrete strategies to develop Waste to Energy (WtE) technology in Indonesia, including policy formulation, increasing public awareness, and collaboration with the private sector to utilize organic waste as a renewable energy source to support the 2060 Net Zero Emission target.

Identify The Relationship Between Scientific Writing Skills and Cognitive Skills During Laboratory Activities

The lack of understanding about how scientific writing skills influence students' cognitive skills during laboratory activities. This study aimed to assess scientific writing skills and cognitive skills and explore their relationship among 49 first-semester science teacher candidates enrolled in a practical course on measurement tools and methods from February to June 2023. Cognitive skills were evaluated using reported response scores. Descriptive analysis revealed a spectrum of scientific writing skills, ranging from excellent to poor, among the participants, alongside generally low cognitive abilities. However, upon conducting correlation tests, it was found that there was no significant relationship between the ability to write reports and the response values (Sig = 0.117 0.05, rcount = 0.227 rtable = 0.281). The research findings suggest that scientific writing skills exhibit variance across different practical subjects, and notably, the ability to write reports does not appear to correlate with response scores. These insights shed light on the complex interplay between scientific writing proficiency and cognitive abilities during laboratory activities, urging further exploration into pedagogical strategies to enhance both skill sets in science education

Enhancing social cooperation through hiking tourism: A case study of the selo route in Mount Merbabu National Park

Background: Mount Merbabu is one of the leading natural tourist destinations in Central Java that attracts local and foreign tourists, primarily through the Selo Trail, which is famous for trekking activities. The number of visitors along the Selo Trekking Trail has increased significantly yearly. Tourism activities on this trail have a significant social and economic impact on the surrounding community, directly and indirectly. Therefore, it is essential to identify the social impact and estimate the economic impact of tourism in the area around the Selo Trekking Trail. Method: This research method uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method with a Likert scale to highlight tourism activities' social and economic impacts. This analysis involves collecting data through interviews, questionnaires, and observations to gain in-depth insight into the impact of tourism on local communities and their contribution to their economy. Findings: The study results indicate that tourism activities along the Selo Trekking Trail significantly influence community cooperation and social values. Tourism activities also contribute to community livelihoods, including actively managing tourism and forming volunteer groups. The interaction between tourists and local communities changes culture and social values ​​and has a positive impact by rapidly diversifying residents' jobs. Conclusion: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that tourism on the Selo Trekking Trail has significant social and economic impacts on the surrounding community. This activity strengthens community cooperation, influences social values, and improves livelihoods and job diversification. Active community involvement in tourism management and forming volunteer groups are critical factors in optimally utilizing tourism opportunities. Novelty: This study provides new insights into how tourism on the Selo Trekking Trail affects the social and economic dynamics of local communities. The findings highlight positive changes in community cooperation, social values, and job diversification, which have yet to be widely explored in previous studies on the impact of tourism in the area. This study also underlines the importance of active community involvement in tourism management to maximize economic and social benefits.

Estimating the Impacts of Livelihood Support Interventions on Poverty Reduction in Rural Balochistan

The study evaluates the impacts of livelihood intervention programs implemented by the Balochistan Rural Support Program (BRSP) on poverty reduction in Balochistan. The estimation of livelihood impacts is gauged through several indicators, including the Income Generating Grant (IGG), Community Investment Fund (CIF), and Skill Development (TVET). To this end, data from 1500 households segregated into 950 IGG, 250 CIF, and 300 TVET are selected using a two-stage stratified sampling technique in 8 selected districts of Balochistan. This study mainly adopted mixed research approaches, including the descriptive analysis of the data to reflect the role of these interventions in poverty reduction in Balochistan. In addition, Poverty Score Cards (PSC) values have been used to determine the poverty levels. After implementing livelihood support intervention, it was obtained that Households (HHs) monthly income of IGG, CIF, and TVET beneficiaries increased by 17%, 20%, and 39%, respectively, on average. The meaningful tabulation of livelihood interventions positively impacts multifaceted aspects of rural HHs. The results also give evidence of employment generation and income-earning prospects in rural Balochistan. The results also show that gender equality and support for women's empowerment are positively changed in rural Balochistan. Therefore, the tabulated results of community and HHs’ specific funding programs and human capital formation via skills provisions to ultra-poor and poor rural people justify Balochistan Rural Development and Community Empowerment (BRACE) as a livelihood support initiative for poverty reduction in rural Balochistan. The government and non-government organizations (NGOs) may get insightful policy interventions from this study to bring effective socioeconomic development in rural Balochistan.

Validity of project-based teaching module to empower students' environmental caring character

Environmental problems caused by waste and exploitation of natural resources can be exacerbated by a lack of awareness and concern for the environment. One of the contributing factors is the lack of utilization of learning resources and environmental-based media in education. This study aims to develop and validate a teaching module based on the PjBL (Project-based Learning) model to increase students' environmental awareness, especially on the topic of environmental change. By using the 4D Model, this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis involving validation by two experts. The validation values ​​for learning plan, learning media, and students' worksheet were 3.48, 3.52, and 3.45, respectively. The results of the recapitulation of validity data show a total score of 3.48 with a valid category. It was concluded that teaching modules based on project to improve environmental character are worthy of being applied in Biology learning at school.

Analysis of Rice Trade and Food Security in Southeast Asian Countries

The rice trade serves to maintain sufficient rice stocks to meet domestic country demands. The world’s main rice exporters and importers are located in the Southeast Asia region, so the volume change of traded rice can affect the flow of trade. Given the strategic importance of rice, numerous nations have stepped in to control the domestic rice market, to ensure political stability as well as food security. This article aims to examine how the rice trade has evolved in Southeast Asia with respect to food security. The study aims are addressed by the application of the descriptive analysis method. The findings indicate that from 110.5 million tones in 2010–2011 to 128.3 million tones in 2021–2022, Southeast Asian countries accounted for 1.22% of global rice imports, >22% of the world’s total rice consumption. In the meantime, the annual growth rate of rice exports was 3.3%. Over the past 10 years, ASEAN’s net rice exports have made up 53.3% of the world’s total and are expected to reach about 54.8%. Southeast Asian countries intervene in the rice market through international trade policies, both in the form of export bans and domestic rice price stabilization policies, to maintain rice stocks to strengthen the level of food security. Southeast Asia’s economic integration through the ASEAN Economy Community is an important moment to become the basis for achieving food security at the regional levels while at the same time making the rice market more open among Southeast Asian countries. Keywords: rice, trade, policy, Southeast Asia

Kepuasan Konsumen Atribut Produk Pakcoy di Rumah Buah Tirtayasa Kota Bandung

Pakcoy is one of the vegetable commodities sold at Rumah Buah Tirtayasa that has experienced sales that have not been on target for more than a year so Rumah Buah Tirtayasa needs to know the reason consumers buy pakcoy, the level of compatibility between the level of performance and the level of importance, and the level of consumer satisfaction after buying pakcoy at Rumah Buah Tirtayasa. The research design used was a quantitative design with a total of 67 respondents. This research uses descriptive analysis methods, Importance Performance Analysis, and Customer Satisfaction Index analysis. The results showed that (1) The characteristics of consumers of pakcoy products at Rumah Buah Tirtayasa are women aged early adulthood, namely 26-35 years who are married with income above the current UMR Bandung City of Rp 4,068,462 who work as private employees. Tirtayasa Fruit House pakcoy consumers buy and consume pakcoy for household needs and the majority of consumers have three family members. (2) Based on the results of the IPA calculation, the attributes that have been satisfactory are color, quality, price suitability with quality, availability, and taste, while the attributes whose performance needs to be improved are size, brand variation, packaging, and labels. (3) CSI's calculation results show that pakcoy consumers at Rumah Buah Tirtayasa are very satisfied with the performance of pakcoy attributes at Rumah Buah Tirtayasa. Companies must improve, innovate, improve performance, and educate consumers about the attributes that need to be improved. For future research, it is expected to examine more detailed attributes or use other variables related to consumer satisfaction.

Kajian Kepuasan Petani Terhadap Atribut Benih Tomat di Kabupaten Bandung

An act to increase the production of tomatoes needed since the Indonesian tomatoes production is still fluctuating. One of the efforts is to increase tomatoes’ production is the usage of certified tomatoes’ seed. The research conducted to analyze the farmers’ satisfaction level on the high variety marketed tomatoes’ seed. The research conducted using descriptive analysis method, Important Performance Analysis (IPA) and analysis using Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The research conducted in Bandung Regency in the area of Pangalengan Subdistrict and Arjasari subdistrict. The survey included a hundred respondents in total. Sampling conducted using survey method through questioners. Sampling selected using multistage cluster random sampling. Result of the research showed that there are 12 attributes considered as important and good performance according to farmers. The attributes included varieties with high yield (X2.3); varieties with good weather tolerance (heat and rain) (X2.4); varieties with quality that corresponds to the expected quality (X3.1); high productivity (X3.2); amount according to the land area requirement (X4.1); seed delivery to farmers (X4.4); expired date (X5.1); easy to access (X6.1); seed stock availability(X6.2); affordable price (X7.2); price according to the expected quality (X7.3). Farmers’ Satisfaction Analysis Result showed that 70% of farmers satisfied by the attributes of marketed tomatoes’seed.

Sustainable Development Perspective: Analysis of Capture Fisheries in Muncar District Banyuwangi

Capture fisheries resources in Muncar Regency have enormous potential to support the lives of the community, especially fishermen. However, in these conditions, the volume of capture fisheries production in Muncar Regency has decreased. This research aims to direct sustainable development efforts in the capture fisheries subsector so that it can improve the welfare of fishermen. This is done by optimizing the use of fishery resources without ignoring economic, ecological (environmental), and social aspects. This research uses descriptive analysis methods. The results of measuring the level of sustainability of capture fisheries resources in Muncar District show that the average value is still low. From each dimension (economic, social, and environmental) several criteria have medium (M) and high (H) scores. This means that each dimension requires alternative recommendations to support sustainable capture fisheries development. It takes synergy from all levels of society to maintain the balance of the marine ecosystem. Increasing awareness of coastal communities is needed to maintain the balance of the capture fisheries resource ecosystem. Apart from that improving the quality of human resources in fishing communities is an important thing that the government can do to support the sustainable development of capture fisheries resources. Keywords: sustainable development, capture fisheries, Muncar

Investigating Eco-Awareness and Green Human Resource Management: A Correlational Study on Sustainability and Workplace Performance

The main aim of this research project was to make everyone environmentally conscious, increasing the overall productivity, reducing the cost, increasing the efficiency and productivity of employees and sustainability. Moreover, it helped to implement green resource management at the workplace for employees to prioritise and protect the environment. Many variables were taken into consideration for the study. That included 1. Green Human Resource Management, 2. Green Purchase Intention, 3. Workplace Environment, 4. Motivation, 5. Performance, 6. Social Support, 7. Stress, 8. Job Satisfaction, 9. Voluntary Green Behaviour, and 10. Environmental Concern in a sample of 151 participants. The research used the theory of planned behaviour to look at how certain things are related. They used surveys with a 5-point Likert scale to measure these factors. The study included adults over 18 from different backgrounds. The gathered data underwent analysis through JASP, including descriptive analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation tests. The result shows that age is linked to job satisfaction and green organisational identity; area of residency is linked to environmental concern: and gender is linked to social support and stress.

Analisis Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi pada Usaha Peternakan Ayam Broiler (Studi Kasus pada Umar Farm di Kabupaten Maros)

This study aims to analyze the calculation of the cost of production and compare the calculations carried out by the company (Umar Farm) with the full costing method. The variable of this study is singular, namely the calculation of the cost of production using the full costing method. The data used is production cost data for the July-September 2023 period. Data collection techniques use documentation and interviews. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that there is a difference in the cost of production between the company's method and the full costing method, which is Rp 1,920 per chicken and the difference per kg of chicken is Rp 984. This study concludes that the calculations carried out by the company have not classified the costs correctly so that the calculations produced are smaller

Study of SPALD-T Implementation Based on Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 04/PRT/M/2017 (Case Study: Surabaya City)

PUPR Ministerial Decree No. 4 of 2017 states that SPALD development is based on 6 criteria including population density, groundwater depth, soil permeability, financing capacity, land slope, and specific areas. If it refers to one of these criteria, Surabaya City is potentially obliged to implement SPALD-T. This research aims to examine how SPALD-T can be implemented in Surabaya City in terms of technical and institutional aspects. The research method was carried out using descriptive analysis with additional mapping using GIS. Descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the condition of Surabaya City. Meanwhile, mapping is used to determine priority locations that can be implemented by the relevant agencies to implement SPALD-T in Surabaya City. Based on the studies that have been carried out, Surabaya City is included in the areas that need to implement SPALD-T in wastewater management efforts. Furthermore, from an institutional perspective, Surabaya City is ready to implement SPALD-T because it has mapped out the tasks between planning, construction, operations and maintenance. The scheme that can be implemented in Surabaya City is SPALD-T for residential areas with a service area of 1 RT 1 WWTP using an anaerobic processing system.

Bio-artificial dura mater in head trauma patients based on a kombucha-chitosan-collagen combination

Introduction: Kombucha scoby shows potential as a biomaterial applicable to patients with head trauma that results in tearing of the dura mater layer. This research aims to characterize kombucha scoby with chitosan and collagen as in vitro modification materials. The artificial dura mater is derived from kombucha scoby synthesized in green tea media and added with glycerol as a plasticizer. Objective: This study used four composition variations: Scoby-Kombucha (Control), Kombucha-Glycerol, Kombucha-Chitosan-Glycerol, and Kombucha-Chitosan-Collagen-Glycerol. Characterization was performed based on functional group analysis through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) testing, tensile strength, swelling, degradation, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT Assay). The characterization of functional groups confirmed the presence of functional groups from kombucha Scoby, chitosan, collagen, and glycerol. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: The results of tensile strength characterization showed that the three sample composition variations have UTS values (4-20 MPa) and Elongation (7-20%) in accordance with artificial dura mater standards. The swelling characterization of the four samples showed a liquid absorption value that does not exceed the swelling ratio limit (<70%). The highest degradation was obtained in the Kombucha-Chitosan-Collagen-Glycerol sample composition with a degradation rate of 20%. The SEM test found a pore diameter that meets the standards for artificial dura mater in the sample compositions of Kombucha-Chitosan-Glycerol and Kombucha-Chitosan-Collagen-Glycerol. Cytotoxicity characterization through the MTT Assay showed that the material does not contain substances toxic to the body. Conclusion: The Kombucha-Chitosan-Collagen-Glycerol membrane was an optimal composition as a candidate for artificial dura mater.

An Analytical Study on Developing Language Skills among L2 Learners Through Digital Teaching and Learning

Technology integration has fundamentally transformed education, particularly in the field of second language (L2) acquisition. This experimental study explores the effectiveness of various digital tools and media—including online courses, educational applications, and multimedia resources—in enhancing English language skills among L2 learners. By leveraging technology, language learning becomes more flexible, personalised, and engaging, fostering active participation through virtual classrooms and real-time feedback mechanisms. This approach which is called adaptive learning cultivates a stimulating environment that encourages student engagement and motivation. Despite the advantages of digital tools, speaking anxiety remains a significant barrier for many L2 learners. This study posits that digital teaching methods can mitigate this challenge by facilitating dynamic and flexible communication; thereby, enhancing overall language proficiency in the digital age. The research involved a sample of 120 first-year B.A. English Literature students from eight Arts and Science Colleges in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted on the data collected from the participating institutions. Descriptive analyses highlighted students' experiences and preferences for tools such as PowerPoint presentations, multimedia content, Padlet, and Edmodo. Inferential analysis, employing t- tests, revealed significant improvements in students' language skills attributable to digital teaching interventions. The findings reveal substantial enhancements in both productive and receptive language skills among EFL learners, underlining the positive outcomes of digital interventions. This study underscores the transformative potential of digital tools in L2 education, advocating for a shift towards a more technologically enriched educational landscape that prepares learners for the demands of the modern world. It contributes valuable insights into leveraging digital technologies to advance language education, advocating for their integration across diverse academic disciplines in literature, arts, and humanities.