Description Of Class Research Articles

Cyclically reduced elements in Coxeter groups

Let $W$ be a Coxeter group. We provide a precise description of the conjugacy classes in $W$, in the spirit of Matsumoto's theorem. This extends to all Coxeter groups an important result on finite Coxeter groups by M. Geck and G. Pfeiffer from 1993. In particular, we describe the cyclically reduced elements of $W$, thereby proving a conjecture of A. Cohen from 1994.

General mathematical model for energetic and informatic evaluated over natively producing surrounded systems

Some joint (synthetic) closed in itself idea about the world and its being is expounded in the paper, which gives the opportunity to invent the parallel definitions of the energy and the information not exceeding the bounds of the united world. This allows us to introduce some sufficiently general notion of the evaluated (over natively) producing (transmission stream conservatively-dynamic) surrounded system, described by the proper system of evolutional equations. In the capacity of important partial cases of such systems the proper notions of the energetic evaluated producing surrounded system and the informatic* evaluated producing surrounded system are introduced. The explicitly analyzed earlier examples of the model of heating stove (as the energetic evaluated producing surrounded system) and the model of personal computer (as the informatic evaluated producing surrounded system) expose the applicability of proposed idea to a generalized and formalized description of some wide class of over native systems really existing.

About the class of approximation by generalized characters

Given a certain class K1 of algebraic structures. We study a problem of finding a class K2 of algebraic structures such that the class K1 is approximable into K2 with respect to various predicates by generalized characters from K1 to K2. The problem of minimization of approximation is also considered. Some theorems related to the problem of constructing an approximation class are obtained. The problem in question is much more complicated and actual than the approximation problem we have been studying before (see [2]-[6]). The results of the description of the approximation class play an important role in studying the solvability problem of the predicate P in the class of semigroups K. In particular, if the approximation class consists of finite semigroups, then this problem is solved positively. Even more difficult is the problem of determining the necessary conditions that class is an approximation class for a given class K.

Application of Aptamer-Based Assays to the Diagnosis of Arboviruses Important for Public Health in Brazil.

Arbovirus infections represent a global public health problem, and recent epidemics of yellow fever, dengue, and Zika have shown their critical importance in Brazil and worldwide. Whilst a major effort for vaccination programs has been in the spotlight, a number of aptamer approaches have been proposed in a complementary manner, offering the possibility of differential diagnosis between these arboviruses, which often present similar clinical symptoms, as well as the potential for a treatment option when no other alternative is available. In this review, we aim to provide a background on arbovirus, with a basic description of the main viral classes and the disease they cause, using the Brazilian context to build a comprehensive understanding of their role on a global scale. Subsequently, we offer an exhaustive revision of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches offered by aptamers against arboviruses. We demonstrate how these promising reagents could help in the clinical diagnosis of this group of viruses, their use in a range of diagnostic formats, from biosensors to serological testing, and we give a short review on the potential approaches for novel aptamer-based antiviral treatment options against different arboviral diseases.

A pursuit-evasion differential game with slow pursuers on the edge graph of simplexes. I

We consider the differential game between several pursuing points and one evading point moving along the graph of edges of a simplex when maximal quantities of velocities are given. The normalization of the game in the sense of J. von Neumann including the description of classes of admissible strategies is exposed. In the present part of the paper the qualitative problem for the full graph of three dimensional simplex is solved using the strategy of parallel pursuit for a slower pursuer and some numerical coefficient of a simplex characterizing its proximity to the regular one. Next part will be devoted to higher dimensional cases.

Structural and Biomedical Properties of Common Additively Manufactured Biomaterials: A Concise Review

Biomaterials are in high demand due to the increasing geriatric population and a high prevalence of cardiovascular and orthopedic disorders. The combination of additive manufacturing (AM) and biomaterials is promising, especially towards patient-specific applications. With AM, unique and complex structures can be manufactured. Furthermore, the direct link to computer-aided design and digital scans allows for a direct replicable product. However, the appropriate selection of biomaterials and corresponding AM methods can be challenging but is a key factor for success. This article provides a concise material selection guide for the AM biomedical field. After providing a general description of biomaterial classes—biotolerant, bioinert, bioactive, and biodegradable—we give an overview of common ceramic, polymeric, and metallic biomaterials that can be produced by AM and review their biomedical and mechanical properties. As the field of load-bearing metallic implants experiences rapid growth, we dedicate a large portion of this review to this field and portray interesting future research directions. This article provides a general overview of the field, but it also provides possibilities for deepening the knowledge in specific aspects as it comprises comprehensive tables including materials, applications, AM techniques, and references.

Accounting for System-Wide Patterns of Conceptual Systems in the Modeling of Conceptual Knowledge

Abstract—This paper discusses the problem of applying the “Unit–Function–Object” system–object approach to conceptual systems. The results of a comparative analysis of the material systems are presented, i.e., phenomena (systems phenomena) and conceptual systems, i.e., classes (system–classes). A universal definition of the “system” concept has been developed that consider both types of systems. Variants of the formal description of the system class are proposed using the apparatus of calculus of objects and descriptive logic. It is shown that a number of known system-wide laws apply to material systems, i.e., systems–phenomena as well as conceptual systems, i.e., system–classes. The presented results substantiate the possibility of including system–classes on par with systems–phenomena in the theory of systems based on the system–object approach. In addition, the results make it possible to improve the existing and create new classification systems, which are an important type of conceptual model of conceptual knowledge, as conceptual models that take system-wide regularities into account become models that reflect the systemic nature of actual reality.

Contribution to the Orophilous Cushion-Like Vegetation of Central-Southern and Insular Greece.

The results of a phytosociological investigation regarding the orophilous cushion-like vegetation occurring in the top of the high mountains of central-southern Greece and in some Ionian (Lefkas, Cephalonia) and Aegean Islands (Euboea, Samos, Lesvos, Chios and Thassos) are provided. Based on 680 phytosociological relevès (460 unpublished and 220 from literature), a new syntaxonomical arrangement is proposed with the description of a new class, including two new orders, eight new alliances, and several associations (many of them new). Compared to the previous hierarchical framework usually followed in the literature, this study provides a more realistic and clear phytosociological characterization of this peculiar and archaic vegetation type, which is exclusive to the high mountains of the north-eastern Mediterranean. The new arrangement is mainly based on the phytogeographical role of the orophytes featuring this very specialized vegetation, which is essentially represented by endemics or rare species belonging to the ancient Mediterranean Tertiary flora. In addition, taxonomic research on the orophilous flora occurring in these plant communities allowed to identify six species new to science (i.e., Astragalus corinthiacus, Allium cremnophilum, A. cylleneum, A. orosamium, A. karvounis, and A. lefkadensis) and a new subspecies (i.e., Allium hirtovaginatum subsp. samium), and two new combinations (i.e., Astragalus rumelicus subsp. euboicus and subsp. taygeticus) are proposed.

Antioxidant Molecules from Marine Fungi: Methodologies and Perspectives.

The marine environment represents a prosperous existing resource for bioprospecting, covering 70% of the planet earth, and hosting a huge biodiversity. Advances in the research are progressively uncovering the presence of unknown microorganisms, which have evolved unique metabolic and genetic pathways for the production of uncommon secondary metabolites. Fungi have a leading role in marine bioprospecting since they represent a prolific source of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites. Several bioactive compounds from marine fungi have already been characterized including antibiotics, anticancer, antioxidants and antivirals. Nowadays, the search for natural antioxidant molecules capable of replacing those synthetic currently used, is an aspect that is receiving significant attention. Antioxidants can inactivate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, preventing the insurgence of several degenerative diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, they also find applications in different fields, including food preservation, healthcare and cosmetics. This review focuses on the production of antioxidants from marine fungi. We begin by proposing a survey of the available tools suitable for the evaluation of antioxidants, followed by the description of various classes of marine fungi antioxidants together with their extraction strategies. In addition, a view of the future perspectives and trends of these natural products within the “blue economy” is also presented.

Modality independent adversarial network for generalized zero shot image classification

Zero Shot Learning (ZSL) aims to classify images of unseen target classes by transferring knowledge from source classes through semantic embeddings. The core of ZSL research is to embed both visual representation of object instance and semantic description of object class into a joint latent space and learn cross-modal (visual and semantic) latent representations. However, the learned representations by existing efforts often fail to fully capture the underlying cross-modal semantic consistency, and some of the representations are very similar and less discriminative. To circumvent these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel deep framework, called Modality Independent Adversarial Network (MIANet) for Generalized Zero Shot Learning (GZSL), which is an end-to-end deep architecture with three submodules. First, both visual feature and semantic description are embedded into a latent hyper-spherical space, where two orthogonal constraints are employed to ensure the learned latent representations discriminative. Second, a modality adversarial submodule is employed to make the latent representations independent of modalities to make the shared representations grab more cross-modal high-level semantic information during training. Third, a cross reconstruction submodule is proposed to reconstruct latent representations into the counterparts instead of themselves to make them capture more modality irrelevant information. Comprehensive experiments on five widely used benchmark datasets are conducted on both GZSL and standard ZSL settings, and the results show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA KARANGAN DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS XI SMK YPM 2 TAMAN

This study aims to describe the analysis of analysis of errors in the language description of students class XI smk ypm 2 park.Residered from the aspect of the contents of the essay, has not seen pouring ideas and ideas of students about the nature, images, and the real phenomenon of an object. In this case, the essay of the student can not be used as a means to represent lan gsung object so that the reader can not interpret and feel directly the object in the description. The phenomenon that occurs in learning writing essay writing description of students of class XI SMK YPM 2 Taman Sepanjang that the learning atmosphere of writing essay description less significant changes. Less effective learning atmosphere and fun for students, especially at the time of application of writing the text of the description text. This is stated based on the percentage of the value of writing ability description of the students of class XI SMK YPM 2 Taman Sepanjang. After conducting this research, the use of sentences is not effective in the description of students class XI SMK YPM 2 Park include: (1) the use of ineffective sentences consisting of the subject relationship with predicate, predicate with the object, and also the selection of words that are not appropriate (2) the use of sentences is not efficient, not sparing due to the use of words that have the same purpose, and also the use of unnecessary words, (3) the use of incoherent sentences, said to be unified if the subject and predicate, as well as description of aspects and elements the sentence is not in accordance with the Indonesian sentence pattern, other than that the sentence is not coherent also due to inappropriate relationship between sentences in paragraphs, (4) the use of the sentence is not careful, if the selection of words in the sentence is not in accordance with the intention to be conveyed.

Нові методи та рішення щодо побудови моделі поведінки користувачів

Наведено нові методи та рішення щодо побудови моделі поведінки користувачів, які дадуть змогу виявити закономірності планування зустрічей друзів на підставі аналізу їхнього щоденного руху. Для цього попередньо проаналізовано низку методів і алгоритмів кластеризації даних і виокремлено особливості їхнього застосування. З'ясовано, що основними перевагами методів кластеризації даних на підставі їхньої щільності є можливість виявлення кластерів вільної форми різного розміру та стійкості до шуму та викидів. Однак до недоліків цих методів можна віднести високу чутливість до встановлення вхідних параметрів, не чіткий опис класів і непридатність для кластеризації даних великих розмірів. З'ясовано, що основною проблемою всіх алгоритмів кластеризації є їх масштабованість із збільшенням обсягу оброблених даних. Встановлено, що основними проблемами більшості з них є складність налаштування оптимальних вхідних параметрів (для алгоритмів щільності, сітки чи моделі), ідентифікація кластерів різної форми та щільності (алгоритми розподілу, алгоритми на підставі сітки), нечіткі критерії завершення (ієрархічний, розділовий та на підставі моделі). Оскільки процедура кластеризації є тільки одним із етапів оброблення даних системи загалом, обраний алгоритм повинен бути простим у використанні та простим для налаштування вхідних параметрів. Дослідження показують, що ієрархічні методи кластеризації містять ряд алгоритмів, придатних як для оброблення даних невеликого обсягу, так і для аналізу великих даних, що є актуальним у галузі соціальних мереж. На підставі виконаного аналізу даних, зібрано інформацію для заповнення розумного профілю користувача. Значну увагу приділено дослідженню асоціативних правил, на підставі чого запропоновано алгоритм для вилучення асоціативних правил, що дало змогу знаходити статистично значущі правила, а також шукати тільки залежності, визначені загальним набором вхідних даних, та має високу обчислювальну складність, якщо існує багато правил класифікації. Розроблено підхід, що орієнтований на створення та розуміння моделей поведінки користувачів, прогнозування майбутньої поведінки за допомогою створеного шаблону. Досліджено методи моделювання попереднього оброблення даних (кластеризація) та виявлено закономірності планування зустрічей друзів на підставі аналізу щоденного руху людей та їхніх друзів. Наведено методи створення та розуміння моделей поведінки користувачів, застосовано алгоритм k-means для групування користувачів, що дало змогу визначити, наскільки добре кожен об'єкт знаходиться у своєму кластері. Введено поняття правил асоціації, розроблено метод пошуку залежностей, оцінено точність моделі.

Метод распознавания вида модуляции спектрально-эффективных радиосигналов на основе классификации образов радиосигналов в пространстве параметров фазовых диаграмм по критерию минимума евклидового расстояния.

A method for automatic modulation classification (AMC) of spectral-effective radio signals generated based on various kinds of roll-off filters is presented. The developed method is intended for automatic radio monitoring (RM) of radio emission parameters without demodulation using digital oscilloscopes in order to control compliance with the discipline and radio communication regulations by users of satellite communication systems (SCS). It is proposed to AMC based on the results of the parameters analysis of the phase diagrams (PD) of radio signals. The proposed approach to AMC is based on the idea of displaying radio signals characterized by many different modulation parameters in the form of pattern in the parameter space of PD of continuous phase modulation radio signals (CPM). Developed an alphabet of classes and was proposed a dictionary of features for a variety of alternatives for CPM AMC. To assess the nature of changes in the parameters of the PD of radio signals, reference descriptions of specific classes of the a priori dictionary are obtained, taking into account changes in the variable parameters that form a set of recognition alternatives. The influence of the size of the analyzed fragment and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the influence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), characteristic of satellite channels, on the quality for CPM AMC, has been estimated. The article substantiates the content of the main stages of the classification of CPM in the parameter space of PD. As a result of statistical experiments, estimates of the probabilities of correct for CPM AMC were obtained.

Simulation vertical sensing of the water environment hydrophysical fields

Classes of objects that form the information system structure for monitoring the water environment hydrophysical fields have been developed. Class descriptions include object parameters that affect the composition and operation of the system, and methods that define actions with class instances. Additional control classes are proposed for describing the interaction of objects and simulating the sensing process.

MAIN PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF PRONOUNS AT THE TURN OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

The article contains an analytical review of linguistic works devoted to the reinterpretation of pronouns as a grammatical class of Russian words. Pronouns are words that are difficult to systematize according to the characteristics on the basis of which parts of speech in the language are distinguished. The purpose of the study is to consider the most important works in the field of linguistics, to generalize the views and approaches in the description of the pronominal class and to determine the most productive of them. The subject of research in this article is the works on pronouns, published in the late XX and early XXI century. The analysis revealed the main problems and trends in the description of the pronominal class in modern Russian linguistics. It was found that pronouns require special description schemes, since they differ in their properties from all other words at the categorical level. The most productive approach to describe them is the functional one, which makes it possible to study pronouns, taking into account the specifics of their use in texts and communication. Among several methods of functional research, the most effective is the description of pronouns according to the effective function.

A semi-automated approach to data harmonization across environmental health studies

The NIEHS-supported Human Health and Exposure Analysis Resource (HHEAR) Data Center maintains a public-use data repository to promote reuse of environmental health data generated by the HHEAR program. The creation and maintenance of this repository requires the integration of information from a wide variety of epidemiologic studies. We have developed the Human Aware Data Acquisition Framework to enable this complex integration, supporting harmonization across multiple studies, and enabling meaningful search and access of the data deposited in the HHEAR Data Repository. To integrate data from a new study, investigators engage in an initial, time-consuming effort to link study data to the HHEAR ontology, a controlled vocabulary of environmental and public health terms. This is accomplished by generating a semantic data dictionary (SDD) from the data dictionaries and codebooks provided by HHEAR study investigators. Originally, this had been done manually by an expert in both epidemiological terminology and ontological modeling. To increase the accessibility of these tools for environmental health scientists who lack formal ontologic training, we have developed an SDD-Editor that simplifies the ontology modeling process. The SDD-Editor reuses elements common to epidemiologic data dictionaries and spreadsheet software, while integrating features needed to form semantic links between public health concepts and existing ontologies. The SDD-Editor suggests potential concept matches for study variables within the SDD using natural language processing to capture the semantic similarity between data dictionary and ontology class descriptions. If no suitable suggestion exists, investigators can search for ontology terms using a search engine powered by Bioportal. Once finished, a validator is run to check that the SDD has the correct format and all classes are valid. By automating parts of the ontology modeling process, the SDD-Editor greatly facilitates the dynamic integration of HHEAR environmental health studies into a single repository, benefiting the scientific community.

Recent Development of Porous Porphyrin‐based Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis

AbstractPorphyrins and their derivatives are abundant in nature and play an important role in plant photosynthesis. To mimic the photosynthetic reactions in plants, researchers have developed numerous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials to convert light into chemical energy. And the porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials attract great interest in photocatalysis owing to their high surface areas, designable structure, and favorable photocatalytic behavior. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials for photocatalysis. We offer a structured description of the main classes of the porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials which consist of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), amorphous porous organic polymers (APOPs), and hydrogen bonding‐organic frameworks (HOFs). Strategies to improve their photocatalytic behavior in respect of how to boost the photoexcited electron‐hole separation and increase the accessible active sites are mainly highlighted. At last, the prospects and challenges of porous porphyrin‐based nanomaterials for photocatalysis are also discussed.

Boundaries at play

Summary In this paper, we model the left-bounded state reading and the true reflexive reading of the se clitic in the Spanish psychological domain. We argue that a lexical analysis of se provides us with a more accurate description of the different classes of psychological verbs that occur with the clitic. We provide a unified analysis where the use of the two readings of se are modeled by means of lexical rules. We take the morphologically simple but semantically more complex basic items (e.g. asustar ‘frighten’) as input of the lexical rules, getting as the output a morphologically more complex but semantically simpler verb (e.g asustarse ‘get frightened’). The analysis for psych verbs correctly allows only those verbs assigning accusative to the experiencer or the stimulus to combine with se, hence preventing dative verbs from entering the lexical rules. The analysis also demonstrates how to account for punctual and non-punctual readings of psych verbs with se incorporating ‘boundaries’ into the type hierarchy of eventualities.

Automated Assessment of Glottal Dysfunction Through Unified Acoustic Voice Analysis

This paper uses the recent glottal flow model for iterative adaptive inverse filtering to analyze recordings from dysfunctional speakers, namely those with larynx-related impairment such as laryngectomy. The analytical model allows extraction of the voice source spectrum, described by a compact set of parameters. This single model is used to visualize and better understand speech production characteristics across impaired and nonimpaired voices. The analysis reveals some discriminative aspects of the source model which map to a physiological class description of those impairments. Furthermore, being based on analysis of source parameters only, it is complementary to any existing techniques of vocal-tract or phonetic analysis. The results indicate the potential for future automated speech reconstruction systems that adapt to the method of reconstruction required, as well as being useful for mainstream speech systems, such as ASR, in which front-end analysis can direct back-end models to suit characteristics of impaired speech.

Reflecting Algebraically Compact Functors

A compact T-algebra is an initial T-algebra whose inverse is a final T-coalgebra. Functors with this property are said to be algebraically compact. This is a very strong property used in programming semantics which allows one to interpret recursive datatypes involving mixed-variance functors, such as function space. The construction of compact algebras is usually done in categories with a zero object where some form of a limit-colimit coincidence exists. In this paper we consider a more abstract approach and show how one can construct compact algebras in categories which have neither a zero object, nor a (standard) limit-colimit coincidence by reflecting the compact algebras from categories which have both. In doing so, we provide a constructive description of a large class of algebraically compact functors (satisfying a compositionality principle) and show our methods compare quite favorably to other approaches from the literature.