Description Of Problem Research Articles

EFFECT OF CORPORATE PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH IN SUNNY CITY HOTEL, UGHELLI NORTH LGA, DELTA STATE

This research focused on effect of corporate planning on organizational growth: A study of Sunny City Hotel, Ughelli, Delta State. Some of the objectives of the study were listed; to ascertain the effect of corporate planning on employee job growth in Sunny City Hotel, Ughelli; to find out the available employee motivational packages that may result to high productivity of staff of the hotel; to determine the extent these motivational packages affect employee growth in Sunny City Hotel, Ughelli, etc. The problem embedded in the system under study was made familiar to the researcher through review of literature. The study collected data from both primary and secondary sources. In the examination of the data and testing of the hypotheses, statistical methods such frequency distribution tables, percentages, means, standard deviations, and T-test were employed. Through the hypotheses that corporate planning does not have any effect on timely service delivery, the research came to the following conclusion, among others. Based on the problem description, the researcher made the following recommendations: greater training and retraining should be offered for all staff levels; a corporate strategy effect on organisational growth in Sunny City Hotel, Ughelli of Delta State. According to the study's findings, it is crucial to allocate resources effectively as a corporate planning strategy that promotes organisational growth in order to support the growth that is needed for improved organisational growth. The report suggested that hotels concentrate on developing a better system for controlling and distributing their resources. This will aid in assuring resource-driven innovation, which can have the inclination to ensure growth enhancement.
 Keywords: Corporate Planning, Resource Allocation, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Resource Based View and Organizational Growth.

Teaching Algorithms Design Approaches via Interactive Jupyter Notebooks

Interactive learning environments play a crucial role in facilitating effective education. Traditional approaches to teaching algorithm design techniques often lack interactivity, resulting in a limited learning experience. In this article, we propose the utilization of Jupyter Notebooks, renowned for their versatility in combining code, visualizations, and explanations, as a powerful tool for enhancing understanding and promoting an engaging learning experience in teaching algorithm design techniques. We provide a comprehensive structure for a Jupyter Notebook page, encompassing problem descriptions, brute force solutions, algorithm design techniques, application areas, and references, to present a thorough solution for computer science problems using these design techniques. Our study includes experiments conducted with computer science students, demonstrating the practical application of Jupyter Notebooks in algorithm design education. Furthermore, we share sample Jupyter Notebooks for popular algorithm design techniques, including Divide & Conquer, Greedy, Dynamic Programming, and Backtracking. Importantly, we emphasize the significance of interactive comparisons between brute force solutions and algorithm design techniques, which foster valuable learning opportunities by providing insights into performance improvements, complexity analysis, validation, optimization strategies, trade-offs, and a deeper understanding of algorithmic principles. In conclusion, we propose the integration of Jupyter Notebooks as a potent tool for teaching algorithm design approaches, empowering learners to actively engage with the material, visualize complex concepts, and collaborate effectively. By incorporating Jupyter Notebooks into algorithm design education, instructors can enhance students' comprehension, cultivate critical thinking skills, and facilitate a profound understanding of algorithmic principles and optimization strategies.

Generalizing Math Word Problem Solvers via Solution Diversification

Current math word problem (MWP) solvers are usually Seq2Seq models trained by the (one-problem; one-solution) pairs, each of which is made of a problem description and a solution showing reasoning flow to get the correct answer. However, one MWP problem naturally has multiple solution equations. The training of an MWP solver with (one-problem; one-solution) pairs excludes other correct solutions, and thus limits the generalizability of the MWP solver. One feasible solution to this limitation is to augment multiple solutions to a given problem. However, it is difficult to collect diverse and accurate augment solutions through human efforts. In this paper, we design a new training framework for an MWP solver by introducing a solution buffer and a solution discriminator. The buffer includes solutions generated by an MWP solver to encourage the training data diversity. The discriminator controls the quality of buffered solutions to participate in training. Our framework is flexibly applicable to a wide setting of fully, semi-weakly and weakly supervised training for all Seq2Seq MWP solvers. We conduct extensive experiments on a benchmark dataset Math23k and a new dataset named Weak12k, and show that our framework improves the performance of various MWP solvers under different settings by generating correct and diverse solutions.

Problem-based learning textbook: Its effect on improving creative thinking skills

Mathematics textbooks that provide more descriptions of material and routine problems used so far cannot facilitate students in active learning activities. The lack of active students in learning activities causes creative thinking skills not to develop optimally. This paper aims to describe how problem-based learning textbooks can facilitate students in solving problems with different or varied solutions and even something new to foster creative thinking skills. This problem-based textbook has been developed and is one of the research products of IAIN Metro lecturers in 2021. This research is an experimental study consisting of experimental and control groups. Data collection techniques using tests and observations. The test data were analyzed using the mean difference test using the Mann-Whitney formula, while the observation data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings of this study are constructive learning activities and open problems contained in problem-based learning textbooks significantly improve creative thinking skills. It is shown that the increase in creative thinking skills of students who study using problem-based learning textbooks is substantially higher than students who study using other textbooks. Thus, problem-based learning textbooks contribute to improving students' creative thinking skills.

Military Training and Revisionist Just War Theory’s Practicability Problem

AbstractThis article presents an analytic critique of the predominant revisionist theoretical paradigm of just war (henceforth: revisionism). This is accomplished by means of a precise description and explanation of the practicability problem that confronts it, namely that soldiers that revisionism would deem “unjust” are bound to fail to fulfil the duties that revisionism imposes on them, because these duties are overdemanding. The article locates the origin of the practicability problem in revisionism’s overidealized conception of a soldier as an individual rational agent analogous to the aggressor or defender in a case of lethal self-defense, who is capable of reflecting on the morality of his status in war and of the killing he performs and thus of recognizing his revisionist duties. Revisionism, however, ignores the following fact: Killing in war is not a natural human behavior. This is why training soldiers to kill is—and arguably always has been—a necessity for the existence of war and the killing that occurs in it. Moreover, this training involves a certain level of moral desensitization to violence whose goal is to prevent soldiers from thoroughly reflecting on the morality of the killing they engage in. Hence, war and killing can only exist if soldiers are trained in such a way that they do not reflect on whether they could be addressees of revisionist duties in the first place. This means that military training is a “constitutive condition” of soldiers and war, which is why it cannot excuse their noncompliance with revisionist duties, thus making these duties categorically overdemanding. The argument here draws on the paradigmatic example of modern US military killing conditioning (MC), but embeds it into a broader military-historical perspective that describes how soldiers have always needed to be mentally and morally influenced in order to enable war and killing. The article’s explanation of revisionism’s practicability problem has a constructive consequence for future theory-building in the ethics of war: It implies that a potentially revised ethical theory of war must necessarily analyze the institutions that allocate belligerent resources, if it aims to morally assess battlefield behavior in a practicable manner.

Evaluasi Program Aplikasi Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Perancangan Undang-Undang (SIMAS PUU)

As a program, Simas PUU application cannot be separated from evaluation that function to determine the achievement of program purposes. To find out the achievement of these purposes, this thesis use the program evaluation theory by Arnold Love. The research method used is descriptive quantitative which seeks to provide a comprehensive description of the research problem. Furthermore, to strengthen the argument, the research collected data using the method of distributing questionaires, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the research indicate that: (1) Simas PUU application has been able to realize the needs of the target group, (2) the formulated program plans and designs are following the program objectives., (3) the program implementation has served the target group carefully, and (4) the improvement of Simas PUU application has been running optimally. From the results of the research, the researcher formulated many recommendations, namely (1) The Center of The Drafting Laws as the program implementer must display entire Draft Laws and Academic Papers so public can convey their needs in the draft law in question, (2) make plans and program designs that are in accordance with the dynamics public, (3) provide rapid feedback on public aspirations, and (4) increase the number of strategic partners in the stakeholder database.

PENGARUH TINGAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PERNIKAHAN USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN PRAYA BARAT

Early marriage or often referred to as underage marriage is a marriage that is carried out between a man and a woman who are not yet of the age specified by law. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the level of education on early marriage in West Praya District. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, because the problems discussed in this study are related to statistical figures and the results of this study will also involve descriptions, breakdowns, and descriptions of an ongoing problem which is described in percentage form. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation and interviews with the Head of the Office of Religious Affairs in West Praya Subdistrict regarding early marriage in 2022 and interviews with perpetrators of early marriage. he results showed that the level of education had an effect on the occurrence of early marriage in West Praya District, Central Lombok Regency in 2022. ased on the results of the study, the majority of graduates were married, namely those with primary school education.

Toward Human–AI Collaboration: A Recommender System to Support CS1 Instructors to Select Problems for Assignments and Exams

Programming online judges (POJs) have been increasingly used in CS1 classes, as they allow students to practice and get quick feedback. For instructors, it is a useful tool for creating assignments and exams. However, selecting problems in POJs is time-consuming. First, problems are generally not organised based on topics covered in the CS1 syllabus. Second, assessing whether problems require similar effort to be completed and map onto the same topic is a subjective and expert-dependent task. The difficulty increases if the instructor must create variations of these assessments, e.g. to avoid plagiarism. Thus, here we research how to support CS1 instructors in the task of selecting problems, to compose one-size-fits-all or personalised assignments/exams. Our solution is to propose a novel intelligent recommender system, based on a fine-grained data-driven analysis of the students' effort on solving problems in the IDE of a POJ system, and automatic detection of topics for CS1 problems, based on problem descriptions. Data collected from 2714 students are processed to support, via our AI-method recommendations, the instructors' decision-making process. We evaluated our method against the state of the art, in a simple blind experiment with CS1 instructors (N = 35). Results show that our recommendations are 88% accurate, surpassing our baseline ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p&lt; 0.05$</tex-math></inline-formula> ). Finally, our work paves the way for novel POJ smart learning environments, wherein instructors define learning tasks (assignments/exams) supported by AI.

Towards understanding students’ sensemaking of test case design

Context:Software testing is the most used technique for quality assurance in industry. However, in computer science education software testing is still treated as a second-class citizen and students are unable to test their software well enough. One reason for this is that teaching the subject of software testing is difficult as it is a complex intellectual activity for which students need to allocate multiple cognitive resources at the same time. A myriad of primary and secondary studies have tried to solve this problem in education, however still with very limited results. Objective:Before we can design interventions to improve our pedagogical approaches, we need to gain more in-depth understanding and recognition of sensemaking as it is happening when students design test cases. Method:An initial exploratory study identified four different sensemaking approaches used by students while creating test models. In this paper we present a follow-up study with 50 students from a large university in Spain. The used methodology was based on the previous study with the improvements that originated from its evaluation. We asked the participants to create a test model based on a description of a test problem using a specialized web-based tool for modeling test cases. We measured how well these models fit the test problem, the sensemaking process that students went through when creating the models, and the students’ perception of the modeling task. The participants received no compensation for their efforts, and we scheduled the experiment during a regular class. Apart from the created models and their metadata, we also collected recordings of the students’ computer screens made during the experiment and used a questionnaire to study their perspectives on the assignment. All the collected textual, graphical, and video data was analyzed using an iterative inductive analysis process to allow new information about the different sensemaking approaches to emerge. Results:We gained better insights into the sensemaking processes of students while modeling test cases for a problem. The results enabled us to refine our previous findings, and we identified new sensemaking approaches. Conclusions:Based on these results, we can further investigate ways to influence the sensemaking process in education, the possible misconceptions that have a negative influence on it, and the desired mental model we want our students to have to design test cases.

Discrete Optimal Transport with Independent Marginals is #P-Hard

We study the computational complexity of the optimal transport problem that evaluates the Wasserstein distance between the distributions of two -dimensional discrete random vectors. The best known algorithms for this problem run in polynomial time in the maximum of the number of atoms of the two distributions. However, if the components of either random vector are independent, then this number can be exponential in even though the size of the problem description scales linearly with . We prove that the described optimal transport problem is #P-hard even if all components of the first random vector are independent uniform Bernoulli random variables, while the second random vector has merely two atoms, and even if only approximate solutions are sought. We also develop a dynamic programming–type algorithm that approximates the Wasserstein distance in pseudo-polynomial time when the components of the first random vector follow arbitrary independent discrete distributions, and we identify special problem instances that can be solved exactly in strongly polynomial time.

Digitalisasi ajaran Ki-Hadjar-Dewantara pada proses pembelajaran neo-guided inquiry untuk mengembangkan literasi dan numerasi mahasiswa

The demands of the digital era produce students who are digital netive and tend to be anti-social in learning, so there is a need for learning that is humanistic and characterizes Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to find out how to digitize the application of the teachings of Ki-Hadjar-Dewantara in the Neo-Guided Inquiry learning process to develop ideal student literacy and numeracy skills. This research is a classroom action research that adopts the McKernan model that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods use questionnaires to measure the achievement of learning indicators, self-assessment to see the level of success in applying learning, and assessment sheets to see the results of forming students' literacy and numeracy abilities. Qualitative methods using observation sheets to explore empirically the problems that arise, the process of implementing and evaluating Neo-Guided Inquiry learning. Focus group discussion to collect data on problem description, needs assessment and learning evaluation. The average result of assessing students' literacy and numeracy abilities in the second cycle was 86.4 which was classified as very high, and the practicality level of the self-assessment results of 95.75% was included in the very good category, so that its application was declared very successful.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S NOVEL CANTIK ITU LUKA

The research is related to social problems. People's lives are actually changing with the times. In the process of the changing, sometimes unexpected conditions arise or should not occur. This unexpected condition gradually becomes a polemic and has a negative impact on people's lives. This condition is called a social problem. Social problems cannot be ignored because they can disrupt global economic and political stability. The discussion of this research focuses on two social problems: poverty and prostitution. Poverty is the condition of a person who has no wealth, lacks, or has very low income and of course cannot fulfill his daily needs; while poverty is also closely related to prostitution. One can become a prostitute because of poverty or circumstances. Prostitution is a sexual activity outside the institution of marriage and is generally carried out by women. These two social problems can be found not only in the novel but also in the real world; so the sociology of literature is used as an approach in this research. The whole research is conducted using a qualitative descriptive method because the focus of the research is related to social problems. The results of the analysis show that this novel provides two descriptions of social problems: poverty and prostitution and these two social problems are clearly illustrated through the data obtained from the novel.

ANALYSIS OF EARLY MARRIAGE AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND (CASE STUDY IN KP. CIATEUL LABUAN VILLAGE – PANDEGLANG)

Looking from the background above, the problem problem that will be addressed in this study is: 1) how the problem descriptions of married by accident persons in the early marriage of youth in the Ciateul village labuan 2) how can nalisis result from the problem of married by accident people in the ciateul village. The objective of the study is to analyze the factor that causes a youth to get married early in the Ciateul Village Researchers use observation and interview methods by viewing and then locating the problem at hand to obtain data relating to an analysis of existing writing. A premature marriage not only brings negative but also positive effects, such as the benefit of those who have avoided promiscuity because of past history of pregnancy and in the economic sense of premature marriage. Because when it comes to having children, it's only when children need expenses that parents have the strength to make ends meet. Further negative effects are the result of premature marriage in the Ciateul Labuan also varies, such as getting bad labels from people, and then two miscarried research informants, an economic downturn and a psychological breakdown.

Attribute granulation in fuzzy formal contexts based on L-fuzzy concepts

Formal concept analysis is an effective tool for granular computing. In applications, the selection of attributes greatly determines the structure and size of the obtained concept lattice. The existing studies have dealt with this problem on the basis of ordinary formal concepts. And thus, these studies are not capable of dealing with uncertainties caused by fuzziness. As a solution, we investigate attribute granulation in the settings of fuzzy contexts based on L-fuzzy concepts. Firstly, we present the mathematical descriptions of this open problem as well as the detailed meanings of this study with an illustrative example. And then, we present zoom-in algorithm to get more specific fuzzy concepts, and zoom-out algorithm to derive more abstract fuzzy concepts. Finally, systematic experiments are performed to show the influence of granulating of attributes on the sizes of fuzzy concept lattices.

Assessing Saiph, a task-based DSL for high-performance computational fluid dynamics

Scientific applications face the challenge of efficiently exploiting increasingly complex parallel and distributed systems. Developing hand-tuned codes is a time-consuming, tedious and hardly reusable task. Reaching high performance appears detrimental to productivity and portability and unreasonable to expect from scientists. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are collaborative environments aiming to overcome such difficulties by decoupling the problem description from the algorithmic implementation. However, developing a competitive tool in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is challenging: DSLs for HPC environments have two additional critical requirements, performance and scalability. Moreover, documented and successful cases are few, making it difficult to popularise DSLs as problem-solving environments for scientific HPC code development. In this context, Saiph is a task-based DSL easing the simulation of physical phenomena from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), developed to meet HPC productivity and performance requirements. This work reports the tuning and evaluation of Saiph using the Taylor–Green Vortex (TGV) problem as a case study. We assess Saiph’s productivity, numerical methods, and high-performance strategies to illustrate its use and demonstrate its competitiveness, viability and benefits for CFD software developments in HPC environments. Hence, we contribute to the popularisation of HPC DSLs as suitable problem-solving environments able to unify modern computational and scientific knowledge.

The English Language of Theology and Its Specific Features

The article deals with the specific features of the English theological discourse and various interpretations of this term. The first part of the article emphasizes lexical peculiarities of theological texts and semantic-structural peculiarities of theological texts. In the second part of the article the authors draw a distinction between the terms “modality of theological discourse” and “mode of theological discourse”, sharing the viewpoint of T.V. Shmelyova in favour of the term “mode of theological discourse”. The definition of the concept of "mode of theological discourse" and the classification of modes are based on the works of the British theologian John Macquarie. By describing in detail, the characteristics of some of the modes, the authors draw the reader’s attention to the use of empirical mode not only as a specifically theological mode, but also for the description of acute global problems that came to the attention of theologians, such as the destruction of the environment as a result of anthropogenic factors. The theme of ecology in theology – eco-theology – is a new direction in the study of the English language of theology.

ChatGPT for Education and Research: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategies

In recent years, the rise of advanced artificial intelligence technologies has had a profound impact on many fields, including education and research. One such technology is ChatGPT, a powerful large language model developed by OpenAI. This technology offers exciting opportunities for students and educators, including personalized feedback, increased accessibility, interactive conversations, lesson preparation, evaluation, and new ways to teach complex concepts. However, ChatGPT poses different threats to the traditional education and research system, including the possibility of cheating on online exams, human-like text generation, diminished critical thinking skills, and difficulties in evaluating information generated by ChatGPT. This study explores the potential opportunities and threats that ChatGPT poses to overall education from the perspective of students and educators. Furthermore, for programming learning, we explore how ChatGPT helps students improve their programming skills. To demonstrate this, we conducted different coding-related experiments with ChatGPT, including code generation from problem descriptions, pseudocode generation of algorithms from texts, and code correction. The generated codes are validated with an online judge system to evaluate their accuracy. In addition, we conducted several surveys with students and teachers to find out how ChatGPT supports programming learning and teaching. Finally, we present the survey results and analysis.

Multimodal Medical Image Fusion: The Perspective of Deep Learning

Multimodal medical image fusion involves the integration of medical images originating from distinct modalities and captured by various sensors, with the aim to enhance image quality, minimize redundant information, and preserve specific features, ultimately leading to increased efficiency and accuracy in clinical diagnoses. In recent years, the emergence of deep learning techniques has propelled significant advancements in image fusion, addressing the limitations of conventional methods that necessitate manual design of activity level measurement and fusion rules. This paper initially presents a systematic description of the multimodal medical image fusion problem, delineating the interrelationships between different fusion modalities while summarizing their characteristics and functions. Subsequently, it reviews the theories and enhancement approaches associated with deep learning in the medical image fusion domain, striving for a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art developments in this field from a deep learning perspective. These developments encompass multimodal feature extraction methods based on convolutional techniques, adversarial learning-based methods, convolutional sparse representation and stacked autoencoder-based signal processing methods, and unified models. Lastly, the paper summarizes the enhancement techniques for multimodal medical image fusion methods, highlighting the pressing issues and challenges encountered by deep learning approaches in this domain.

Задержки раннего развития у детей с краниоцеребральной диспропорцией

The article offers a description of an urgent medical problem that has been actively considered as an interdisciplinary problem for several years. The author considers the formation of child development delays as an element of pathogenesis in case of craniocerebral disproportion / nonsyndromiccraniosynostosis resulting from perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, and he describes this cause-and-effect relationship based on his own model [4,5] and literature data. &#x0D; This approach makes it possible to introduce new details into the understanding of pathogenesis of developmental delays in young children and, consequently, to consider new methods of solving the problem of their correction.

Engine condition monitoring on small single engine turboprop

PurposeThis study aims to focus on verifying the possibility of monitoring the condition of a turboprop engine using data recorded by on-board avionics Garmin G1000. This approach has potential benefits for operators without the need to invest in specialised equipment. The main focus was on the inter-turbine temperature (ITT). An unexpected increase in temperature above the usual value may indicate an issue with the engine. The problem lies in the detection of small deviations when the absolute value of the ITT is affected by several external variables.Design/methodology/approachThe ITT is monitored by engine sensors and stored by avionics 1× per second onto an SD card. This process generates large amount of data that needs to be processed. Therefore, an algorithm was created to detect the steady states of the engine parameters. The ITT value also depends on the flight parameters and surrounding environment. As a solution to these effects, the division of data into clusters that represent the usual flight profiles was tested. This ensures a comparison at comparable ambient pressures. The dominant environmental influence then remain at the ambient air temperature (OAT). Three OAT compensation methods were tested in this study. Compensation for the standard atmosphere, compensation for the standard temperature of the given flight level and compensation for the speed of the generator, where the regression analysis proved the dependence between the ambient temperature and the speed of the generator.FindingsThe influence of ambient temperature on the corrected ITT values is noticeable. The best method for correcting the OAT appears to be the use of compensation through the revolutions of the compressor turbine NG. The speed of the generator depends on several parameters, and can refine the corrected ITT value. During the long-term follow-up, the ITT differences (delta values) were within the expected range. The tested data did not include the behaviour of the engine with a malfunction or other damage that would clearly verify this approach. Therefore, the engine monitoring will continue.Practical implicationsThis study presents a possible approach to turbine engine condition monitoring using limited on board avionic data. These findings can support the development of an engine condition monitoring system with automatic abnormality detection and low operating costs.Originality/valueThis article represent a practical description of problems in monitoring the condition of a turboprop engine in an aircraft with variable flight profiles. The authors are not aware of a similar method that uses monitoring of engine parameters at defined flight levels. Described findings should limit the influence of ambient air pressure on engine parameters.