Intent Description Research Articles

Honourable kāwanatanga: A prerequisite for constitutional transformation

Understandings of Te Tiriti o Waitangi continue to unfold as we find our way through the complexities of colonial misinformation about our herstory and history. Looking ahead to the prospect of constitutional transformation, this paper examines honourable kāwanatanga as a necessary pathway to Tiriti justice. This commentary paper draws on existing literature and insights from the Māori and Tauiwi authors’ decades of experience of pursuing Tiriti justice. The Crown has consistently breached Te Tiriti and engaged in dishonourable kāwanatanga. Māori have always resisted colonisation and imagined a future where Te Tiriti was honoured. Latterly, Tauiwi in increasing numbers have also joined this resistance. The preamble of Te Tiriti o Waitangi articulates the desire of rangatira and the British to enter into a relationship of goodwill and peace. Rangatira reasonably anticipated that the British would behave honourably. The subsequent displacement of Māori from land, language, economy and cultural traditions from 1840 onwards, resulted in devastating intergenerational harms and losses. Ani Mikaere has argued that the Māori–Crown relationship has deteriorated to the point of resembling the dynamics of an abusive relationship. This characterisation suggests an unequal and harmful interaction, where one party holds power and control over the other, often at the expense of the latter’s rights, well-being, and autonomy, whilst societal institutions and common sense, deeply support the abuser. Honourable kāwanatanga, as a tool for transformations toward social justice, is often used as an intentional description to mark Tiriti-centric governance as opposed to deep-rooted dishonourable, Tiriti-breaching governance. This form of abuse characterises the ongoing colonial hegemony which has generated and maintained institutional racism and monoculturalism and allowed it to flourish within the public service and many other sectors of society. The notion of honourable kāwanatanga intersects with the call of Matike Mai and supports collective Indigenous peoples’ rights.

The Influence of Environmental Belief on Intention to Visit Ecological Site Through Ecotourism Attitude

This study aims to determine the effect of environmental beliefs on the intention to visit ecological site through ecotourism attitude. The location of this research was conducted in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UGGp. In this study, the exogenous variable used were environmental beliefs with ecotourism attitude as the mediating variable and intention to visit ecotourism as the endogenous variable. The type of this research uses descriptive and verification with explanatory research methods. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, amounting to 460 respondents. The data analysis technique in this study used Structural Equating Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the description of environmental belief, ecotourism attitude, and intention to visit ecotourism are in a fairly good category. The findings in this study suggest that environmental belief variables indirectly influence the intention to visit visit ecological through ecotourism attitude. The research recommend both of tourists and Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UGGp to increase environmental belief and ecotourism attitudes in order to create positive tourist visiting intentions.

Intent-driven autonomous network and service management in future cellular networks: A structured literature review

Intent-driven networks are an essential stepping stone in the evolution of network and service management towards a truly autonomous paradigm. User centric intents provide an abstracted means of impacting the design, provisioning, deployment and assurance of network infrastructure and services with the help of service level agreements and minimum network capability exposure. The concept of Intent Based Networking (IBN) poses several challenges in terms of the contextual definition of intents, role of different stakeholders, and a generalized architecture. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in IBN including the intent description models, intent lifecycle management, significance of IBN and a generalized architectural framework along with challenges and prospects for IBN in future cellular networks. An analytical study is performed on the data collected from relevant studies primarily focusing on the inter-working of IBN with softwarized networking based on NFV/SDN infrastructures. Critical functions required in the IBN management and service model design are explored with different abstract modeling techniques and a converged architectural framework is proposed. The key findings include: (1) benefits and role of IBN in autonomous networking, (2) improvements needed to integrate intents as fundamental policies for service modeling and network management, (3) need for appropriate representation models for intents in domain agnostic abstract manner, and (4) need to include learning as a fundamental function in autonomous networks. These observations provide the basis for in-depth investigation and standardization efforts for IBN as a fundamental network management paradigm in beyond 5G cellular networks.

Sosa’s AAA Model and Epistemic Double Effects

There are many important connections between epistemic justification and moral justification. A recent example of such connections is offered by Sosa’s AAA model for the normative evaluation of epistemic performances. In order to count as knowledge, a belief has to be Accurate in attaining the truth, the subject has to be Adroit or competent for such task, and the belief has to be Apt in the sense that the accuracy of the belief has to manifest the adroitness of the subject. In addition, full knowledge would require full-aptness, which is obtained when the aim of aptness is achieved in an apt way. We have here a clear definition of the model. But the application of the model to particular performances is not so clear. Both the identification of a particular performance as a case of epistemic performance and the assessment of its aptness, or full-aptness, are strongly relative to intentional descriptions paying attention to contextual factors and personal aspects. Here is where we can find close proximity with ethics. An epistemic analog to the ethical problem of double effects appears. In our paper, we analyze that problem in detail, extracting some consequences.

Construction of an Artificial Intelligence Writing Model for English Based on Fusion Neural Network Model.

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the model of English writing using artificial intelligence algorithms of neural networks. Based on word vectors, the unsupervised disambiguation, and clustering of multimedia contexts extracted from massive online videos, the disambiguation accuracy reaches over 0.7, and the resulting small-scale multimedia context set can cover up to 90% of vocabulary learning tasks; user experiments show that the multimedia context learning system based on this method can improve the effectiveness and experience of ESL vocabulary learning, as well as the long-term word sense memory of learners. The results are 30% better. Based on the dependency grammatical relations and semantic metrics of collocations on a large-scale professional corpus, we established a collocation intention description and retrieval method in line with users' linguistic cognition and doubled the usage rate of collocation retrieval on the actual deployment system after half a year, becoming a user “sticky” ESL writing aid, and further defined style. Dictionaries only provide basic lexical definitions, and, even if supported by example sentences, they still cannot meet the needs of ESL authors in terms of expressive accuracy and richness. However, the current machine translation is based on the black box deep neural network construction, and its translation process is not understandable and interactive. Among the three algorithmic models constructed in this paper, the multitask learning model outperforms the conditional random field model and the LSTM-CRF model because the multitask learning model with auxiliary tasks solves the problem of sparse data to a certain extent, allowing the model to be trained more adequately in the case of uneven label distribution, and thus performs better than other models in the task of grammatical error detection.

The Effect of Participatory Leadership on Turnover Intention Through Satisfaction As Mediation Variable

This study aims to determine the description of leadership, employee satisfaction, and turnover intention and analyze the influence of participatory leadership on turnover intention through satisfaction as a mediating variable at coffee shops around Omah Campus. The research method used is quantitative which is collected by questionnaire through a Likert scale with 5 levels. The data that has been collected is then analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) using the SmartPLS software version 3. The results of the PLS analysis show that the variables of participatory leadership and employee satisfaction are in the high category, while the turnover intention is in the low category. Furthermore, it is known that the employee job satisfaction variable can significantly mediate the influence of the participatory leadership variable on turnover intention.

Students’ Employability Skills: Development Strategies

The fundamental transition from the concept of maintaining employment to personnel mobility and employability, as well as the transformation of the working environment make the case for addressing the development of students’ employability skills. Job seekers are intended to be effective communicators and drive own productivity. It is important to understand how students perceive the employability skills, which are formed during the university period. The article aims to reveal strategies for employability skills development, implemented by master’s and doctoral students. These students have a long learning experience and acquire a higher level of qualifications. They are better prepared for employment, but still can face obstacles.The empirical base of the study consists of 50 interviews with students of Tyumen universities (32 master’s degree students and 18 doctoral students). The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. The authors focused on 4 employability skills: communication, teamwork, self-management, and self-control. Three strategies of employability skills development are revealed. Active strategy: students identify employability skills as a resource, give average and higher self-assessments of their development, provide detailed examples of their use, analyze mistakes, and see opportunities for future development. Intermediate strategy: students also recognize the importance of employability skills, but there is an imbalance in the development of individual and interpersonal skills. In general, they give average self-assessments of skill development and provide insufficiently detailed descriptions of their use in practice. Their plans for developing employability skills are not precise. Passive strategy: students do not identify employability skills as a resource, and are not proactive in their improvement, limiting themselves to an abstract description of intention. The conclusion is substantiated that only a small part of students of regional universities identify individual and interpersonal skills as a resource and build long-term plans for their improvement.

The Effect of Work Stress Job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention (Survey on Employees of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia)

The purpose of this study was to determine the description of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Climate and Turnover Intention at PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to find out how the Effect of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia simultaneously, to determine the Effect of Job Stress on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to determine the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to determine the Influence of Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia. The results of the discussion show that the statistical hypothesis testing results indicate that overall, there is a significant influence between Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention. Individual test results also show that the variables of Job Stress and Organizational Climate have a significant effect on Turnover Intention, while the Job Satisfaction variable has no significant effect.
 The conclusion of this study is that there is a positive and significant effect of Job Stress on Turnover Intention at PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, meaning that the higher the Work Stress, the higher the Turnover Intention. There is a negative and insignificant effect of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention, meaning that the higher the Job Satisfaction, the lower the Turnover Intention. There is a negative and significant influence of Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention, meaning that the better the Organizational Climate, the lower the Turnover Intention.

Surprising Empirical Directions for Thomistic Moral Psychology: Social Information Processing and Aggression Research

One of the major contemporary challenges to Thomistic moral psychology is that it is incompatible with the most up-to-date psychological science. Here Thomistic psychology is in good company, targeted along with most virtue-ethical views by philosophical Situationism, which uses replicated psychological studies to suggest that our behaviors are best explained by situational pressures rather than by stable traits (like virtues and vices). In this essay we explain how this body of psychological research poses a much deeper threat to Thomistic moral psychology in particular. For Thomistic moral psychology includes descriptive claims about causal connections between certain cognitive processes and behaviors, even independent of whether those processes emerge from habits like virtues. Psychological studies of correlations between these can provide evidence against those causal claims. We offer a new programmatic response to this deeper challenge: empirical studies are relevant only if they investigate behaviors under intentional descriptions, such that the correlations discovered are between cognition and what Aquinas calls human acts. Psychological research on aggression already emphasizes correlations between cognition and intentional behavior, or human acts, and so is positioned to shed light on how well Thomistic moral psychology fits with empirical data. Surprisingly, Aquinas’s views have quite a lot in common with a leading model of aggression, the social information processing (SIP) model. We close by suggesting how we might examine claims of Thomistic moral psychology from an empirical perspective further using research on social information processing and aggression.

Research on the Improved CNN Deep Learning Method for Motion Intention Recognition of Dynamic Lower Limb Prosthesis.

Objective In order to study the motion recognition intention of lower limb prosthesis based on the CNN deep learning algorithm. Methods A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was established to reconstruct the motion pattern. Before the movement mode of the affected side was converted, the sensor was bound to the healthy side. The classifier was employed to extract and classify the features, so as to realize the accurate description of the movement intention of the disabled. Results The method proposed in this research can achieve 98.2% recognition rate of the movement intention of patients with lower limb amputation under different terrains, and the recognition rate can reach 97% after the pattern converted between the five modes was added. Conclusion The deep learning algorithm that automatically recognized and extracted features can effectively improve the control performance on the intelligent lower limb prosthesis and realize the natural and seamless conversion of the intelligent prosthesis in a variety of motion modes.

Similarity learning with implicit-network and explicit-network for zero-shot intent detection

Intent detection is an important component in dialog systems. Existing studies mainly focus on intent detection with sufficient labeled data. However, these methods are unable to detect intents that do not exist in training data. To tackle this problem, we propose an implicit-network and explicit-network model for zero-shot intent detection, which is capable of learning similarities between utterances and intent description from word level and sentence level. To enhance the representation of the intent, we introduce slot types as the intent description. We divide intent into explicit intent and implicit intent according to different expression ways, and construct explicit-network and implicit-network from word level and sentence level respectively. Meanwhile, in order to better combine these two parts of information, we also design a relation layer to fuse different levels of information. Experiments on two benchmark datasets show that our model significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art models and demonstrate the effectiveness of learning similarity from word level and sentence level simultaneously.

Thoracic re-irradiation with 3D-conformal or more advanced techniques: A systematic review of treatment safety by the Re-irradiation Study Group of the Italian Association of Radiation and Oncology AIRO.

Re-irradiation (re-RT) is a treatment modality that has been actively investigated in recurrent lung cancer or in lung metastases appeared in previously irradiated areas. A literature search, according PRISMA recommendations and a meta-analysis technique were performed with the aims to identify possible factors related to the toxicity incidence and severity of ≥ G3 acute toxicity. 1243 patients and 36 studies, met inclusion criteria. Our results, showed that there was no difference in ≥ G3 acute (10,5%) toxicity rate with respect to different radiation techniques, cumulative dose and re-irradiation total dose and fractionation. Factors eventually related to severe toxicity were described. The frequent lack of a sufficient description of the treatment's intent, the heterogeneity in technique and radiotherapy regimen, makes balancing risk and benefit of re-RT based on published data even more difficult.

The ethics of researching unethical images: A story of trying to do good research without doing bad things

In this article, I tell the story of my research on the topic of “strangershots,’ which are photographs of strangers taken, shared, and mocked online without their subjects’ knowledge or consent. I interweave a narrative of how I conducted my strangershots research with the argument that researchers must develop situationally and ethically responsive methods for working with user-generated digital images. This argument focuses on two of the many ethical quandaries that haunt our efforts to research and write about unethical digital images: looking and sharing. I begin by describing these specific ethical quandaries and providing concrete examples of them from my own research experiences. I then offer actionable strategies for addressing these quandaries. To address ethical problems of looking, I offer the process-oriented methodological strategy of one-and-done data collection. To address ethical problems of sharing, I offer the dual circulation-oriented strategies of asking image subjects for consent and of deploying “ethical ekphrasis,” or intentional description, in place of image reproduction.

An implementation evaluation of "Zero Suicide" using normalization process theory to support high-quality care for patients at risk of suicide.

Background:Suicide rates continue to rise across the United States, galvanizing the need for increased suicide prevention and intervention efforts. The Zero Suicide (ZS) model was developed in response to this need and highlights four key clinical functions of high-quality health care for patients at risk of suicide. The goal of this quality improvement study was to understand how six large health care systems operationalized practices to support these functions—identification, engagement, treatment and care transitions.Methods:Using a key informant interview guide and data collection template, researchers who were embedded in each health care system cataloged and summarized current and future practices supporting ZS, including, (1) the function addressed; (2) a description of practice intent and mechanism of intervention; (3) the target patient population and service setting; (4) when/how the practice was (or will be) implemented; and (5) whether/how the practice was documented and/or measured. Normalization process theory (NPT), an implementation evaluation framework, was applied to help understand how ZS had been operationalized in routine clinical practices and, specifically, what ZS practices were described by key informants (coherence), the current state of norms/conventions supporting these practices (cognitive participation), how health care teams performed these practices (collective action), and whether/how practices were measured when they occurred (reflexive monitoring).Results:The most well-defined and consistently measured ZS practices (current and future) focused on the identification of patients at high risk of suicide. Stakeholders also described numerous engagement and treatment practices, and some practices intended to support care transitions. However, few engagement and transition practices were systematically measured, and few treatment practices were designed specifically for patients at risk of suicide.Conclusions:The findings from this study will support large-scale evaluation of the effectiveness of ZS implementation and inform recommendations for implementation of high-quality suicide-related care in health care systems nationwide.

For an Anthropological Turn in Phenomenology

Phenomenology, when it investigates life and living things, offers not one but two ways of doing so. It can be rooted in life and find its principle there; but it can also describe living things and exhibit their essential structure. These are two very different ways of practising phenomenology. The first one places us on the side of a first philosophy whose foundationalist ambition is clearly avowed: here, life is regarded as an ontological principle. For its part, animal phenomenology directs its interest to living beings that could be the object of an intentional description. Animality is not life; it is not a principle but a particular region of our experience, the title of an ontology that is not general but regional. I would like to propose a middle way. Indeed, I would like to start from the phenomenology of the animal in order to progressively raise it to philosophical reflection at its most general level. Animality, provided that it is amended in accordance with our animal origin, and without leaving its empirical or regional status, may be an opportunity for renewing philosophy in its fundamental categories, and not only in one of its special fields. If the path of “becoming human” uncovers empirical facts that may open a “space of reasons,” then it is up to phenomenology to rethink not only the animals and the humans but, starting from this “empirico-transcendental doubling,” also philosophy itself.

Human Motion Intent Description Based on Bumpless Switching Mechanism for Rehabilitation Robot.

This paper aims to improve the performance of an electromyography (EMG) decoder based on a switching mechanism in controlling a rehabilitation robot for assisting human-robot cooperation arm movements. For a complex arm movement, the major difficulty of the EMG decoder modeling is to decode EMG signals with high accuracy in real-time. Our recent study presented a switching mechanism for carving up a complex task into simple subtasks and trained different submodels with low nonlinearity. However, it was observed that a "bump" behavior of decoder output (i.e., the discontinuity) occurred during the switching between two submodels. The bumps might cause unexpected impacts on the affected limb and thus potentially injure patients. To improve this undesired transient behavior on decoder outputs, we attempt to maintain the continuity of the outputs during the switching between multiple submodels. A bumpless switching mechanism is proposed by parameterizing submodels with all shared states and applied in the construction of the EMG decoder. Numerical simulation and real-time experiments demonstrated that the bumpless decoder shows high estimation accuracy in both offline and online EMG decoding. Furthermore, the outputs achieved by the proposed bumpless decoder in both testing and verification phases are significantly smoother than the ones obtained by a multimodel decoder without a bumpless switching mechanism. Therefore, the bumpless switching approach can be used to provide a smooth and accurate motion intent prediction from multi-channel EMG signals. Indeed, the method can actually prevent participants from being exposed to the risk of unpredictable loads.

Intention-aware log automation

Log automation is a technique that helps developers write high-quality log code. When software systems fail, log code can ease the failure diagnosis process and reduce system recovery time. Existing log automation tools can be roughly classified into two groups: feature- and pattern-based tools. These existing tools define log placement rules by either extracting syntax features or summarizing code patterns, but they are hard to understand the source codes intention. In this paper, we design and implement SmartLog, which can create log statements based on deep understanding of log intention. To achieve this, we propose a log intention description model to describe the intention of log statements. SmartLog then explores the intentions of existing logs and mines log rules from those intentions. We evaluated SmartLog on six mature open-source projects. Compared with two state-of-the-art projects, i.e., Errlog and LogAdvisor, SmartLog improved the accuracy of log placement by 43% and 16% respectively. SmartLog could cover 49 out of 86 real-world patches aimed to add logs, while the state-of-the-art works could cover 10 and 22 patches, respectively.

Inhibited Intentionality: On Possible Self-Understanding in Cases of Weak Agency.

The paper addresses the question of how to approach consciousness in unreflective actions. Unreflective actions differ from reflective, conscious actions in that the intentional description under which the agent knows what she is doing is not available or present to the agent at the moment of acting. Yet, unreflective actions belong to the field in which an agent experiences herself as capable of acting. Some unreflective actions, however, narrow this field and can be characterized by intentionality being inhibited. By studying inhibited intentionality in unreflective actions, the aim of the paper is to show how weaker forms of action urge us to expand our overall understanding of action. If we expand the field of actions such that it encompasses also some of the involuntary aspects of action, we are able to understand how unreflective actions can remain actions and do not fall under the scope of automatic behavior. With the notion of weak agency, the paper thus addresses one aspect of unreflective action, namely, “inhibited intentionality” in which an agent feels a diminished sense of authorship in relation to her possibility for self-understanding. The notion of weak agency clarifies how agency itself remains intact but can involve a process of appropriation of one’s actions as one’s own. With a diachronic account of consciousness in unreflective action, the paper accounts for possible self-understanding in cases where none seems available at the moment of action.

Translation method is validity evidence for construct equivalence: analysis of secondary data routinely collected during translations of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)

BackgroundCross-cultural research with patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) assumes that the PROM in the target language will measure the same construct in the same way as the PROM in the source language. Yet translation methods are rarely used to qualitatively maximise construct equivalence or to describe the intents of each item to support common understanding within translation teams. This study aimed to systematically investigate the utility of the Translation Integrity Procedure (TIP), in particular the use of item intent descriptions, to maximise construct equivalence during the translation process, and to demonstrate how documented data from the TIP contributes evidence to a validity argument for construct equivalence between translated and source language PROMs.MethodsAnalysis of secondary data was conducted on routinely collected data in TIP Management Grids of translations (n = 9) of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) that took place between August 2014 and August 2015: Arabic, Czech, French (Canada), French (France), Hindi, Indonesian, Slovak, Somali and Spanish (Argentina). Two researchers initially independently deductively coded the data to nine common types of translation errors. Round two of coding included an identified 10th code. Coded data were compared for discrepancies, and checked when needed with a third researcher for final code allocation.ResultsAcross the nine translations, 259 changes were made to provisional forward translations and were coded into 10 types of errors. Most frequently coded errors were Complex word or phrase (n = 99), Semantic (n = 54) and Grammar (n = 27). Errors coded least frequently were Cultural errors (n = 7) and Printed errors (n = 5).ConclusionsTo advance PROM validation practice, this study investigated a documented translation method that includes the careful specification of descriptions of item intents. Assumptions that translated PROMs have construct equivalence between linguistic contexts can be incorrect due to errors in translation. Of particular concern was the use of high level complex words by translators, which, if undetected, could cause flawed interpretation of data from people with low literacy. Item intent descriptions can support translations to maximise construct equivalence, and documented translation data can contribute evidence to justify score interpretation and use of translated PROMS in new linguistic contexts.

Using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) with Providers in the Early Intervention Setting: A Qualitative Validity Testing Study.

More than one in four parents in the United States of America (USA) have low health literacy, which is associated with reduced health equity and negatively impacts child health outcomes. Early intervention (EI) programs are optimally placed to build the health literacy capacity of caregivers, which could improve health equity. The health literacy of interdisciplinary EI providers has not previously been measured. This study used the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) with EI providers (n = 10) to investigate evidence based on response (cognitive) processes. Narratives from cognitive interviews gave reasons for HLQ score choices, and concordance and discordance between HLQ item intent descriptions and narrative data were assessed using thematic analysis. Results found scales with highest concordance for Scales 3, 6, and 9 (each 96%, n = 24). Concordance was lowest on Scale 5 (88%, n = 22), although still strong with only 12% discordance. Three themes reflecting discordance were identified: (1) Differences between Australian and USA culture/health systems; (2) Healthcare provider perspective; and (3) Participants with no health problems to manage. Results show strong concordance between EI providers’ narrative responses and item intents. Study results contribute validity evidence for the use of HLQ data to inform interventions that build health literacy capacity of EI providers to then empower and build the health literacy of EI parents.