Description Of Model Research Articles

Unconstrained Descriptions of Facebook Profile Pictures Support High-Dimensional Models of Impression Formation.

Dominant models of impression formation focus on two fundamental dimensions: a horizontal dimension of warmth/communion/trustworthiness and a vertical dimension of competence/agency/dominance. However, these models have typically been studied using theory-driven methods and stimuli of restricted complexity. We used a data-driven approach and naturalistic stimuli to explore the latent dimensions underlying >300,000 unconstrained linguistic descriptions of 1,000 Facebook profile pictures from 2,188 participants. Via traditional (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and modern (natural language dictionaries, semantic sentence embeddings) approaches, we observed impressions to form with regard to the horizontal and vertical dimensions and their respective facets of sociability/morality and ability/assertiveness, plus the key demographic variables of gender, age, and race. However, we also observed impressions to form along numerous further dimensions, including adventurousness, conservatism, fitness, non-conformity, and stylishness. These results serve to emphasize the importance of high-dimensional models of impression formation and help to clarify the content dimensions underlying unconstrained descriptions of individuals.

USING THE GEOSPATIAL MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS MODEL AND METHODS FOR SOIL DEGRADATION RISK MAPPING

Modern methods of spatial analysis and modeling are increasingly being combined with decision-making methods and fuzzy set theory. The latter are actively integrated into the environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), such as well-known ones like ArcGIS or QGIS, in the form of separate tools, plugins, or Python scripts. Decision-making methods allow structuring the problem in geographical space, as well as taking into account the knowledge and judgments of experts and the preferences of the decision-maker in determining the priorities of alternative solutions. This paper provides a description of a geospatial multi-criteria decision analysis model, which allows addressing a wide range of ecological and socio-economic issues. An example of applying this model to map soil degradation risk in Ukraine is presented in the paper. According to the object-spatial approach, the properties of a territory are determined as the result of the action (impact) of a set of objects (processes) belonging to this territory. The territory is represented as a two-dimensional discrete grid, each point of which (local area) is an alternative. The set of local areas of the territory constitutes the set of alternatives. The representation of the territory model as a system of objects and relationships between them allows justifying the choice of a set of criteria (factors) for assessing soil degradation risk. Each criterion is a separate raster layer of the map. To build a hierarchical decision-making structure and calculate the importance coefficients of the criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used. To account for uncertainty in assessments and judgments of experts at the stages of standardization of alternative attributes by different criteria and aggregation of their assessments, expert membership functions for fuzzy sets and fuzzy quantifiers are applied. The particular feature of the proposed multi-criteria decision analysis model is its low computational complexity and ease of integration into the GIS environment.

Extending a MAPE-K loop-based framework for Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in single-player games

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) has emerged as a notable solution to address the demand for adaptive gameplay in digital games. However, the DDA domain presents various research challenges that require careful consideration. In response, this study introduces an approach that merges insights from self-adaptive systems with the specific requirements of adaptive gameplay. Our contribution involves extending the DDA-MAPEKit framework, which was previously presented. Constructed on the modular MAPE-K loop foundation, this solution facilitates the assimilation of multiple DDA strategies. The primary objective is to provide tailored treatment for distinct game mechanics (or groups of mechanics) by constructing individual MAPE-K loops for each of them. Notable enhancements include the development of a descriptive player model involving continuous player profile assessment, performance calculation, and modifications to the rules’ system to better align with the player’s conditions. A proof of concept is executed by applying DDA-MAPEKit in a Space Shooter game to assess the viability of the proposed model. Simulations are conducted both with and without the DDA mechanisms. Encouraging results are obtained through a comparative analysis of the gathered data. Evidence points out that incorporating the DDA mechanism, implemented with DDA-MAPEKit, may effectively lead to adapting variables depicting the complexity of game mechanics following the player’s performance. This fact underscores the potential effectiveness of our approach in addressing the challenges within the realm of DDA.

Analysis of application range of simplified models for field to thermo-field to thermionic emission processes from the cathode

Electron emission plays a dominant role in plasma–cathode interactions and is a key factor in many plasma phenomena and industrial applications. It is necessary to illustrate the various electron emission mechanisms and the corresponding applicable description models to evaluate their impacts on discharge properties. In this study, detailed expressions of the simplified formulas valid for field emission to thermo-field emission to thermionic emission typically used in the numerical simulation are proposed, and the corresponding application ranges are determined in the framework of the Murphy–Good theory, which is commonly regarded as the general model and to be accurate in the full range of conditions of the validity of the theory. Dimensionless parameterization was used to evaluate the emission current density of the Murphy–Good formula, and a deviation factor was defined to obtain the application ranges for different work functions (2.5‒5 eV), cathode temperatures (300‒6000 K), and emitted electric fields (105 to 1010 V·m−1). The deviation factor was shown to be a nonmonotonic function of the three parameters. A comparative study of particle number densities in atmospheric gas discharge with a tungsten cathode was performed based on the one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) with the Monte Carlo collision (MCC) method according to the aforementioned application ranges. It was found that small differences in emission current density can lead to variations in the distributions of particle number density due to changes in the collisional environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting emission models for subsequent numerical simulations.

Examining Childhood Trauma Experiences in Relation to Women’s Attachment Style, Exposure to Violence and Partner Characteristics

Main emphasis of this research is to illuminate the intertwined cycles of neglect/abuse and violence that women experience throughout their lives and to identify potential strategies for social work interventions in this context. At this point, the study explains that violence can perpetuate itself in a cyclical manner from childhood and that this has effects on future partner relationships and partner characteristics in the case of Turkiye. The study also examines women’s self-assessed characteristics of their partners. The study was conducted within the scope of cross-sectional descriptive model and 260 women participated in the study. The participants were mostly exposed to emotional neglect during childhood. The attachment style of most of the participants was anxious ambivalent. In addition, they also experienced emotional violence from their spouses the most. The spouses of the participants were directive. There is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and exposure to violence. Adverse childhood experiences have an effect on the participants’ attachment style, partner characteristics and exposure to violence. In order for women to have safe and nonviolent partner relationships in adulthood, it is recommended that the quality and quantity of studies focusing on the family in childhood and the prevention of neglect/abuse be increased.

A Comparative Study on Participation Motives and Psychological Well-being of Female University Student-Athletes in Kenya and Türkiye

In this study, it was aimed to examine the motivation to participate, psychological well-being, harmony in life, and contentment with life assessment of female university student athletes in Kenya and Türkiye. The study was designed with the descriptive and relational survey model as a quantitative research method. The research group consisted of 379 students representing female university athletes in Türkiye (224) and Kenya (155). Motivation to Participate in Sport Scale (Gill et al., 1983), Psychological Well-being Scale (Diener et al., 2010), Harmony in Life Scale (Kjell et al., 2016) and Contentment with Life Assessment Scale (Lavallee et al., 2007) were used as data collection tools. As a result of the findings of the study, there was a significant difference between individual athletes and team athletes studying in Türkiye in motivation to participate in sports and this difference was in favor of team athletes (p<.05). As a result, female athlete university students' motives for participation in sports and adaptation in life were in favor of Türkiye, but their psychological well-being levels were against Türkiye. Although the psychological well-being levels of female athlete university students are in favor of Kenya, their motives for sports participation and harmony in life are against Kenya. In this case, it shows that there are issues that both countries should pay attention to in order for female university students to be better and more successful.

Speech Act Of Refusal On Vertical Line Levels In Japanese And Indian Cultures

This study aims to describe the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people in the context of vertical relationship lines. The research employs a cross-cultural pragmatic approach with a qualitative descriptive paradigm method. Data collection was carried out using the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) method on native Japanese and Indian speakers. Data were analyzed using Brown and Levinson's politeness theory and Ochi Suzuki's refusal strategies, presented through a descriptive analysis model. The results indicate differences in the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people within vertical relationship lines. Japanese people, in this context, tend to use indirect refusals, employing various methods to show respect and avoid offending the interlocutor. This is influenced by factors such as social status, social distance, kinship relations, and the speaker's age. Indirect refusals often involve expressions of apology and the use of different language forms. There are slight differences between male and female refusal speech acts in Japanese culture. Women are more careful in choosing words to refuse, showing a higher regard for the feelings of the speaker. In contrast, Japanese men tend to provide straightforward reasons for their refusals but still choose their words cautiously. In the case of Indian people within vertical relationship lines, the majority use direct refusals, as evidenced by their speech. Social factors such as social status and social distance also play a role. Both Indian men and women tend to deliver refusals straightforwardly, assertively, and directly (to the point).

Poligami: Berdasarkan Konsep Keadilan dan Teori Limit Muhammad Syahrur

The discourse of polygamy is a topic that reaps the pros and cons among the Ulama’ and becomes a hot topic of discussion at the community level. Full attention of Islam regarding polygamy is not merely done without conditions, but Islam stipulates polygamy on the condition that is fair and there are restrictions on the number of wives. For his reason, reseaechers are interested in conducting deeper research on the concept of justice of polygamy practices which are still a topic of debate among the public based on the limit theory by Muhammad Syahrur. This research uses a critical descriptive research model using a methodological comparative study approach to analyze problems using the limit theory put forward by Muhammad Syahrur. This type of research is library research. Te source of this research is obtained from two legal materials, namely premier and secondary. This research uses isis analysis technique to find data to adjust the object to be studied by focusing on criticism. So that the results found that Syahrur argues that polygamy must be implemented when there has been a probem in society, but also must leave the practice when no problem is found. The concept of the limit theory put forward by heading the two conditions, including the first, namely that the second, third, or fourth wife is a widow who has an orphan, than the second is the fear of not being able to be fair to the orphan, as stated in Surah An-Nisa’ verse 3.

Morpho-hydrodynamic processes impacted by the 2022-extreme La Niña event and high river discharge conditions in the southern coastal area of West Java, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The significance of sediment-laden river discharges is strongly related to climate change and rainfall intensity, resulting in severe erosion of the catchment areas and riverbanks. The combination of tides and waves considerably influence the sediment transport and distribution patterns of an estuary, inducing the sedimentary processes of the coastal area. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the La Niña event in 2022 and high river discharges in the Bojong Salawe Beach, Pangandaran. This area has a large estuary with several tributaries, with a high potential for erosion and sedimentation. Furthermore, its location directly faces the Indian Ocean, posing the risk of wind-induced high waves. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis (using dataset ERA-5 taken from the Copernicus Climate Change Service) and numerical models (using Mike21) with an identification of erosion and accretion processes. The results show that the boreal autumn 2022 significantly impacted the study area, compared to the boreal winter 2022. Higher precipitation levels during boreal autumn substantially increased the river discharges, transferring the total load of sediment of about 1.48 × 10−3 m3/s/m. Moreover, shoreline change analysis using digital shoreline analysis system confirmed that Bojong Salawe Beach was indicated to experience high erosion, particularly around the mouth of the estuary.

Possible Wigner states in CrI3 heterostructures with graphene: A tight-binding model perspective

In this study, we present an effective tight-binding model for an accurate description of the lowest energy quadruplet of a conduction band in a ferromagnetic CrX3 monolayer, tuned to the complementary density functional theory simulations. This model, based on a minimum number of chromium orbitals, captures a distinctively flat dispersion in those bands but requires taking into account hoppings beyond nearest neighbors, revealing ligand-mediated electron pathways connecting remote chromium sites. Doping of states in the lowest conduction band of CrX3 requires charge transfer, which, according to recent studies [Tenasini , ; Tseng , ; Cardoso , , can occur in graphene(G)/CrX3 heterostructures. Here, we use the detailed description of the lowest conduction band in CrI3 to show that G/CrI3/G and G/CrI3 are type-II heterostructures where light holes in graphene would coexist with heavy electrons in the magnetic layer, where the latter can be characterized by Wigner-Seitz radius rs∼25−35 (as estimated for hBN-encapsulated structures). Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Degree of Bullying against Adolescent Students with Disabilities Integrated into Regular Schools from the Point of View of Educational Counselors

The study aimed at identifying the degree of bullying against adolescent students with disabilities integrated into regular schools from the point of view of educational counselors. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical model was followed. The sample of the study consisted of (30) educational counselors working in the schools of Mafraq Governorate. The bullying behavior scale for adolescent students with disabilities was used. The results of the study showed that the level of bullying for adolescent students with disabilities integrated in regular schools was moderate. The results of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in favor of males. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including creating awareness programs directed at students and their families about the importance of accepting students with disabilities integrated into regular schools and not directing violence or offence to them.

Entropic distinguishability of quantum fields in phase space

We present a general way of quantifying the entropic uncertainty of quantum field configurations in phase space in terms of entropic distinguishability with respect to the vacuum. Our approach is based on the functional Husimi Q-distribution and a suitably chosen relative entropy, which we show to be non-trivially bounded from above by the uncertainty principle. The resulting relative entropic uncertainty relation is as general as the concept of coherent states and thus holds for quantum fields of bosonic and fermionic type. Its simple form enables diverse applications, among which we present a complete characterization of the uncertainty surplus of arbitrary states in terms of the total particle number for a scalar field and the fermionic description of the Ising model. Moreover, we provide a quantitative interpretation of the role of the uncertainty principle for quantum phase transitions.

Internal Structure of Dietary Habits as a Restriction on Healthy Eating Policy in Japan.

Although promoting healthy eating is a policy objective, the manageability of dietary habits remains uncertain. Personal dietary patterns reflect many factors, some of which are relatively manageable for individuals whilst others are not. In this article, assuming that some sort of information about the manageability of dietary habits is contained in the observed patterns of food consumption, we focused on dietary patterns on their own. We introduced a statistical descriptive model for data from a food frequency questionnaire, estimated the strength of pairwise linkage between foodstuffs, and grouped foodstuffs by applying community detection to the networks of the estimated inter-food linkages. Those linkages represent the co-movement of pairs of food in consumption. Furthermore, we demonstrated an analysis of the relationship between mental health and dietary habits, considering the aspect of the manageability of dietary habits. Using an observational study in Japan, we obtained the following results: 115 foodstuffs were divided into three groups for both genders, but the compositions were different by gender; in the analysis of mental and physical health, some stress response items were associated with a dependence on some of those food groupings (e.g., "extremely tired" was negatively associated with a group containing tomatoes, cucumber, mandarin, etc., for female subjects). As the grouping of foodstuffs based on our estimation depicted an internal structure of dietary habit that a healthy eating policy could regard as a constraint, it follows that we should design such a policy along the same lines as that grouping.

Methodology of designing a professionogram of a technosphere safety specialist

The training of specialists for industrial areas and individual industries implies the availability of professional competencies that allow them to perform functional duties efficiently and efficiently. The specifics of professional activity can be expressed by a list of competencies that describe the field of tasks of specialists, their knowledge, skills, competencies, requirements for a specialist, both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and personal components necessary for the performance of duties. Is it possible today to talk about a certain set of competencies for a particular profession or activity? There are various types of descriptions of professional activities of specialists: job descriptions, qualification reference books, professional standards, models of specialists, occupational descriptions, professional or qualification structures. Such a variety of formats for describing a profession, type of activity implies their different content, depending on the goals, design tasks, expected result of the project, characteristics of the employee’s activity, data necessary for accounting and control of the result. The purpose of the professionograms is to describe the necessary and sufficient competencies for a particular specialist. Such a description becomes a roadmap for obtaining professional education, for activities, for professional retraining and certification of a specialist. The methodology of designing professionograms is based on an algorithmic approach that allows describing the universal process of developing a professionogram for a specific field of activity.

Exploring causes and predictors of cyberbullying in gifted and non-gifted students: Academic success, psychological variables, parental and educators’ supervision, motivation, and reactions to cyber victimization

The purpose of this study is to explore the motivation of cyberbullying behaviors, their reactions to these behaviors, and the predictors of cyberbullying sensibility in gifted and non-gifted students. The study reached 258 participants, including 102 gifted and 156 non-gifted students. This research is a descriptive survey model. The study performed descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ordinal logistic regression analysis, and structural equation modeling to examine the status of the variables examined according to gifted and non-gifted students. The most important reason for cyberbullying behaviors in both gifted and non-gifted students was to take revenge, and the least important reason was to adapt. The most common reaction to cyber victimization is deleting shares or files that may cause harm. Gifted and non-gifted female students have more cyberbullying sensibility. Gifted students with a high academic average have more cyberbullying sensibility. In addition, students with gifted and non-gifted internal functional regulation of emotions skills have more cyberbullying sensibility. Students with low external dysfunctional regulation of emotions scores also have more cyberbullying sensibility. The results confirmed the importance of identifying students at risk, identifying the distinguishing factors for cyberbullying behaviors of gifted and non-gifted high school students, and evaluating the sources and reactions of cyberbullying behaviors. These results will provide important input for school-based prevention studies.

Investigation of Prospective Teachers’ 21st Century Skills Competency Perceptions Based on Various Variables

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the self-perceived competency of prospective teachers regarding 21st century skills. The study seeks to understand how prospective teachers perceive themselves in terms of the skills they will need to teach and thrive in the rapidly evolving educational landscape that is shaped by globalization and technological advancements. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes a quantitative method with a descriptive survey model to assess the competency perceptions of 341 prospective teachers’ 21st century skills from a Turkish state university, using random sampling for representativeness. The "21st Century Skills Competency Perception Scale for Teacher Candidates" was employed to collect data, exhibiting high reliability (Cronbach Alpha of 0.98), and data analysis included descriptive statistics, T-tests, and ANOVA to explore differences in skills perception, with the scale's validity and reliability confirmed for the sample group. Findings: The findings indicate that prospective teachers rate their competency in 21st century skills highly, with the greatest confidence in Information, Media, and Technology Skills and the least in Learning and Innovation Skills. Significant gender differences were found, with female candidates reporting higher competency perceptions than males. Age also influenced competency perceptions, with older groups (25-31 and 32+) rating their skills higher than the youngest group (18-24). Furthermore, pedagogic formation graduates rated their competencies higher than their peers from other faculties, indicating that educational advancement correlates with higher self-perceived 21st century skills. Highlights: The research suggests that teacher education programs should focus on strategic development of learning and innovation skills and integration of technology into teaching, with findings indicating that perceptions of competency increase with age and are higher among females and graduates.

Wind Power Station Efficiency Increase Methods Based on Wind Turbine Condition Process Mathematical Modelling when Distributing Electric Power Between the Consumers in Arctic and Far North Regions

The relevance of wind power plant efficient control method based on wind turbine condition process mathematical modeling is proved for electric power distribution between consumers, intended to minimize decision-making time on technological process redistribution of electric power production for another consumer by means of actual information on equipment failure time (wind turbine, electric power stocking system), that provides optimum power production and consumption planning in northern regions. The review of the basic mathematical modeling methods of electric power redistribution between consumers that showed there are certain problem statements with insufficient descriptions of mathematical models or the absence of ready and effective methods to solve them, in particular, wind turbine condition process mathematical modeling for electric power distribution to consumers in northern regions. As a result of the analysis of wind power plant efficient control method on the basis of wind turbine condition process mathematical modeling to distribute electric power to consumers in northern regions game theory and pulse system functioning mathematical methods application based on difference equations is expedient. The decision-making strategies stipulated by 'nature' (working capacity or wind turbine failure), the scheduler (repair or wind turbine redistribution) and a condition of phase co-ordinate (repair, idle, redistribution or operation wind turbine modes) are defined. On the basis of the accepted strategy and use of step function Heaviside F(t) for fixing of technological process time, the description of the wind turbine condition equation was made providing operative failure time information access on because due to idle time, redistribution or repair that provides optimum electric power production planning for a consumer.

Unlocking Online Insights: LSTM Exploration and Transfer Learning Prospects

Machine learning algorithms can improve the time series data analysis as compared to the traditional methods such as moving averages or auto-regressive approaches. This advancement has helped to unlock several challenging problems since machine learning not only helps to forecast the overall trend of the data, but it also helps to keep the historical track of changes in factors, influencing this trend. These predictions play a pivotal role in almost all areas of research where the observations are time dependent, such as problems ranging from challenges of finance to public health, environmental and climate change challenges. A key challenge of these domains is the higher number of attributes and predictors since managing and manipulating data from many attributes is itself a significant challenge for future forecasting. Addressing these challenges is possible with Recursive Long Short-Term Memory models. The application of such models is crucial, and their efficacy is further amplified when considering transfer learning. During this research, a detailed and comprehensive description of such models is addressed. Practical application is illustrated through an example, emphasizing that these models, when transferred to complex and large datasets using transfer learning, hold great promise.

Institutional model of commercial real estate market

The study considers institutions of the commercial real estate market with the aim to develop a descriptive institutional model. Institutional boundaries of the commercial real estate market are outlined. Time limits are determined by the equalization of supply and demand through the dynamics of rental rates. Geographical limits, despite the local character of the market, are determined by the participation of the largest developers. Commodity boundaries form the intended purpose of commercial real estate related to its use by lessees for business. This allows the interconnection of commercial real estate institutions to be considered from the perspective of value creation. By means of land relations, the initial conditions are determined by the institution of the state, which also establishes registration requirements. The developer connects the land supply with the rental market by developing a concept of the object, thus influencing related industries (developers, producers of construction materials). The institution of commercial real estate management ensures the interests of the developer. The composition of its participants is diverse, allowing the investor’s offer to be communicated to potential tenants as a value. The institute of accompanying participants of the commercial real estate market is mainly involved in information exchange between its other subjects; however, this institute is responsible for making the constituent links of the market sustainable. The lessee forms the final product using the value created by the developer (lessor) in the form of the intended purpose and individual properties of the object. Rental rates affect the profitability of commercial real estate, thereby determining the developer’s demand for capital. The results obtained can be used by both developers and researchers. The conclusion is made about the limited institutional role of the investor due to irrational capital raising and transferring these costs to the lessee. The reasons lie both in the strategies of most developers and in the desire to reduce risks through the preferred use of debt capital.

Analysis of Demographic Variables Affecting Digital Citizenship in Turkey

Abstract The new technologies generated by the digital age are changing how individuals and societies communicate, learn, work, and manage. Although digital citizenship is defined as the behavioral norms regarding the use of technology in the most general sense, it also includes ethical and appropriate behaviors and being informed about this issue while using technology. However, there is a generational gap in digital information and literacy. In this context, the research analyzes digital citizenship according to gender, age, number of children, job position, and education level. In this analysis, which was structured as exploratory research to examine the digital citizenship status of participants, the descriptive model was preferred over quantitative research models. According to the analysis results, it can be said that the participants’ digital citizenship behavior is in the range of “I am undecided” (at a moderate level). Citizenship behavior with the lowest score was “political activism on the internet.” The groups with a significantly higher level of digital citizenship are women, those between the ages of 22 and 42 working as managers, and those at the graduate level.