Dermal Wound Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based dressing versus hydrocolloid dressing in rat dermal wound healing

Background: Wound healing is a complex process influenced by a variety of environmental factors. Dressing materials play a critical role in creating barriers against contaminants, maintaining optimal moisture levels, and absorbing wound exudate. Therefore, selecting materials tailored to wound characteristics is crucial for enhancing outcomes. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biocompatible polymer that supports healing by regulating inflammation and promoting tissue repair. This study compared HA- and hydrocolloid-based hydrogels in a rat model to optimize wound care strategies.Methods: Full-thickness dermal wounds (diameter, 8 mm) were created on the dorsal skin of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats under sevoflurane anesthesia. The wounds were treated with HA/silver sulfadiazine gel (group A), hydrocolloid gel (group B), or left untreated (control), all covered with a transparent dressing. Biopsy specimens on days 3, 7, and 21 were used to assess histological parameters: inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast infiltration, collagen deposition, neovascularization, and epithelial thickness, using a semi-quantitative scoring system. Histological analyses were conducted blindly, and statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>p</i>< 0.05).Results: On day 3, group A showed significantly higher inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition than other groups, indicating extracellular matrix formation. By day 7, angiogenesis was highest in group A, followed by group B and controls. By day 21, all wounds had completely healed. Epithelial layer thickness, reflecting inflammation and fibroblast maturity, was significantly higher in group A.Conclusion: This study compared HA-based hydrogel and hydrocolloid-based dressings through histological analyses to elucidate wound healing mechanics. HA-based hydrogel dressings significantly enhanced wound recovery. However, generalizing these outcomes requires future studies to expand the range of effective wound treatment materials. These findings underscore the potential of HA-based dressings to enhance clinical outcomes in wound management, suggesting avenues for improving therapeutic strategies.

Second‐degree burns treatment: Preclinical in vivo approaches using natural latex rubber containing Aloe vera extract

AbstractNatural rubber latex (NRL) obtained from Hevea brasiliensis is emerging as a viable and economical alternative for biomedical treatments, particularly for dermal injuries. Its effectiveness is enhanced when combined with bioactive molecules, such as those found in Aloe vera (AV), known for their healing properties and are commonly used in low‐cost wound healing therapies. Thus, this study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of NRL incorporated with 25%, 35%, and 50% AV, both in vitro and in vivo. FTIR analyses revealed only physical interactions between NRL and AV, facilitating their release, as evidenced by the release profile. In vitro assays indicated improved biocompatibility in samples composed of 25% and 35% AV, while complete cell death occurred at 50% AV. Histological evaluations of second‐degree burn models in rats showed greater re‐epithelialization of the epidermis with 35% AV after 14 days of treatment. However, 50% AV highlighted the importance of avoiding overdosing to prevent tissue necrosis. Despite the differences observed between in vitro and in vivo results, NRL membranes containing AV are a promising approach for future clinical trials in skin wounds treatment, offering an effective and affordable solutions for skin regeneration in clinical settings.

Arisarum vulgare: Bridging Tradition and Science Through Phytochemical Characterization and Exploring Therapeutic Potential via In vitro, In vivo, and In silico Biological Activities

AbstractArisarum vulgare O. Targ. Tozz. (Araceae), locally known as “Elbgouga,” holds significant traditional importance in Algeria for the treatment of various human ailments, including pain, infections, inflammation, digestive disorders, cancer, skin problems, eczema, wounds, and burns. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, DNA protection, and capacity to promote wound healing. Preliminary phytochemical experiments were conducted to evaluate the major classes of bioactive compounds, in addition to the total phenol and flavonoid amounts in AVEE. An LC‐MS/MS analysis was conducted to clarify the phytochemical composition of this particular botanical species. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging tests. The agar diffusion approach was used to ascertain the antibacterial efficacy against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium). Cholinesterase inhibition was evaluated using a colorimetric method that relies on Ellman's reaction. The protective effects of AVEE on pBR322 plasmid DNA damaged by H2O2 and UV treatment were assessed by their DNA‐breaking forms. The in vivo acute dermal toxicity and wound healing potential of the AVEE ointment (1–5% AVEO) were also investigated, and histological analyses were carried out on biological samples. Five protein targets were the subject of an in silico molecular docking investigation (TNFα, TGFBR1, IL‐1ß, GSK‐3ß, and NOS) and ADMET studies of the main components of the extracts were performed. The screening of phytochemicals revealed a significant concentration of phenolic compounds (176.00 ± 1.08 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry extract), mainly flavonoids (81.21 ± 1.24 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of dry extract). Three major compounds were identified by LC‐MS/MS analysis, belonging mainly to the class of flavonoids, with rutin as the most abundant compound (11.85 mg/g extract), followed by hesperidin (4.125 mg/g extract). A conspicuous presence of isoquercitrin (1.327 mg/g extract) was also found. Small amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids were also detected (catechin, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, and luteolin). DPPH assay showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to the ABTS·+ assay (142.60 ± 5.52 µg/mL and 236.10 ± 0.22 µg/mL, respectively). AVEE was effective against all selected bacterial strains; however, the highest zone of inhibition (36.00 ± 0.1 mm) was noted against E. faecium. The extract of the plant significantly inhibited both AChE and BChE (89.98 ± 18.76 µg/mL inhibitory activity against AChE and 98.28 ± 44.68 µg/mL inhibitory activity against BChE, respectively). The ethanolic extract of A. vulgare and quercetin exhibited more significant DNA protection action in form I, with percentages of 90.41 and 94.23%, respectively, compared to form II, where the percentages were 27.91 and 51.92%, respectively. The AVEO formulation may be safely administered by topical application. A statistically significant wound contraction was discovered in the group treated with 5% AVEO compared to the groups that were not treated or treated with petroleum jelly. Furthermore, there was no notable disparity detected between the group treated with 5% AVEO and the group treated with the reference drug. The 5% AVEO‐treated group showed, after the research was complete, the most significant percentage of wound contraction (96.90 ± 0.42%). Moreover, the topical application of the formulation improved histological parameters. In silico study showed that rutin, hesperidin, and isoquercitrin had a high affinity to the five main targets that might contribute to the wound healing potential of A. vulgare ethanolic extract. The impressive biological capabilities of A. vulgare indicate that the plant has the ability to be a valuable source of bioactive chemicals with various medical applications.

7877 Adipose Depot Differences In Regenerative Properties Of Exosomes Derived From Human Adipose Stem Cells

Abstract Disclosure: M.A. Krause-Hauch: None. R. Patel: None. B. Osborne: None. P. Albear: None. N.A. Patel: None. Many patients struggle with chronic recalcitrant wounds that are the result of delayed healing. Underlying inflammation is one major risk factor for impaired dermal wound healing that may lead to pathologies such as infection and scarring. Adult human adipose stem cells (hASCs) have shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. The regenerative potential of hASCs is dependent on secreted bioactive material which is packaged and released in extracellular exosomes. We previously showed that hASC exosomes from the subcutaneous depot (sc) promoted repair in human dermal fibroblasts using in vitro assays. In this study, we evaluated exosomes derived from the omental depot (om) of hASC and compared its efficacy with sc-hASC. Our results show differences in levels of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cargo between om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo. Next, we evaluated their repair potential in a wound model in vivo. Male and female F344 rats were dorsally wounded via punch biopsy and silicone scaffolding was attached to prevent contraction. The wounds were then either not treated (control) or treated with 50μg om-hASCexo or sc-hASCexo every alternate day when each wound size was measured for 1 week to monitor healing progress. After 7 days, wounds treated with either om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo closed significantly faster than untreated control wounds. While no difference was observed in closure percentage after 7 days for wounds treated with either om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo, sc-hASCexo appeared to act faster earlier (1-2 days post wound) in the wound healing process while om-hASCexo acts faster during later stages (2-4 days post wound) of wound healing. The wound tissue was collected for biochemical and histological analysis. qPCR analysis on day 7 revealed that both om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo treatment resulted in increased levels of Collagen 1 & 3 and MMP9, while levels of TGF-β decreased with treatment. These results indicate that om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo enhanced the wound healing process while decreasing inflammation of the wound. To determine the differences between om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo treatments on wound healing pathways, RNAseq was performed. Results show specificity in pathway activation and gene expression between the om-hASCexo and sc-hASCexo treatments. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the regenerative mechanisms differ between the hASC depots from which exosomes are secreted. At a broader level, this finding may shed light on the body’s organ health and repair processes in normal or disease states. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Antimicrobial effects of a multimodal wound matrix against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro and an in vivo porcine wound model.

Chronic non-healing wounds pose significant challenges due to an elevated inflammatory response caused in part by bacterial contamination (Physiol Rev. 2019;99:665). These wounds lead to billions being spent in the health care system worldwide (N Engl J Med. 2017;376:2367, Int J Pharm. 2014;463:119). We studied the in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial effects of a multimodal wound matrix (MWM) against two common wound pathogens, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA USA300) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27312 (PA27312) (Int Wound J. 2019;16:634). The in-vitro study conducted was a zone of inhibition test with the two microbes at 104 Log CFU/mL inoculated on Tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood (TSAII) plates. Treatments used were MWM, Mupirocin (Positive control for MRSA), Silver Sulfadiazine (Positive Control for PA), Petrolatum and Sterile Saline (both serving as Negative Controls). Treatments were allowed to diffuse into the agar for 3 h and then were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The in-vivo study utilized a deep dermal porcine wound model (22 × 22 × 3 mm) created on six animals. Three animals were inoculated with MRSA USA300 and the other three with PA27312 with each allowing a 72-h biofilm formation. After 72 h, baseline wounds were assessed for bacterial concentration and all remaining wounds were treated with either MWM alone, Silver Treatment or Untreated Control. Wounds were assessed on days 4, 8 and 12 after treatment application for microbiological analysis. In-vitro, MWM exhibited significant inhibition of MRSA USA300 and PA27312 growth when compared to negative controls (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, in-vivo, the MWM-treated wounds exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.05) bacterial reduction compared to all other treatment groups, especially on days 8 and 12 for both pathogens. MWM demonstrated promise in addressing colonized wounds with biofilms. Additional studies on MWM's benefits and comparisons with existing treatments are warranted to optimize wound care strategies (Adv Wound Care. 2021;10:281).

Effect of Tetrapropylammonium Chloride Quaternary Ammonium Salt on Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties of PLA/PEG Electrospun Mat.

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-tetrapropylammonium chloride (TCL)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nonwoven networks were produced using PLA, PEG with different concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%), and TCL. PEG is included as a plasticizer in PLA polymer, which has high biocompatibility but a brittle structure. The importance of this study is to investigate the effect of TCL salt on the characterization of PLA-PEG nanofibers. For this research, the cytotoxicity test system responsible for the fibroblast cell line (L929) was evaluated with the liquid absorption capacity (LAC) and drying time tests for its use in wound dressings. The addition of TCL salt reduced bead formation in PLA-PEG nanofibers and increased the homogeneity of fiber dispersion. The smoothest and most homogeneous nonwoven networks were obtained as PLA-5TCL-PEG. It was also reported that this nonwoven network exhibited liquid absorption behavior with a maximum increase of 150% compared to the PLA-PEG nonwoven network and had the highest Young's modulus value of 12.97 MPa. In addition to these tests, evaluations were made with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drying time test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. In addition, high cell viability was observed in L292 mouse fibroblast cells at the end of the 24th hour, again with the effect of TCL salt. In addition, antibacterial activity was tested against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus bacteria, and it was observed that there was no antibacterial activity. Since PLA-TCL-PEG nonwoven webs have a maximum cell viability of 133.27%, they are recommended as a potential dermal wound dressing.

Modulatory Effects of 830 nm on Diabetic Wounded Fibroblast Cells: An In Vitro Study on Inflammatory Cytokines.

Background:After skin damage, a complicated set of processes occur for epidermal and dermal wound healing. This process is hindered under diabetic conditions, resulting in nonhealing diabetic ulcers. In diabetes there is an increase in inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines. Modulating cells using photobiomodulation (PBM) may have an effect on inflammation and cell viability, which are crucial for the healing of wounds. Objective: This study explored the impact of PBM in the near-infrared spectrum (830 nm; 5 J/cm2) on inflammation in diabetic wound healing. Materials and Methods: Five cell models, namely normal, wounded, diabetic, diabetic wounded, and wounded with d-galactose were used. Cell morphology and migration rate were assessed, while cellular response measures included viability (Trypan blue and adenosine triphosphate), apoptosis (annexin-V/PI), proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and gene expression of advanced glycation end product receptor (AGER). Results: PBM resulted in increased levels of TNF-α, supported by activation of NF-κB. PBM stimulated translocation of NF-κB and upregulation of AGER. Conclusions: PBM modulates diabetic wound healing in vitro at 830 nm through stimulated NF-κB signaling activated by TNF-α.

A Review on Dermal Wound Repair and Regeneration Using Antimicrobial-Loaded Microspheres Incorporated into Bovine Collagen Scaffold

In this paper, the developed microsphere-incorporated collagen scaffold presents a promising solution for delivering drugs over wound surfaces in a uniform and sustained manner. The biomaterials utilized in this system are of natural origin, minimizing potential toxicity from core materials, and collagen and gelatin exhibit active wound-healing properties. The collagen scaffold used for the delivery device offers several advantages, including minimizing dressing frequency, facilitating easier examination, and providing added aesthetic value. Furthermore, the protein-based biomaterial scaffold acts as a template for the extracellular matrix in the skin, enhancing the maturation of wounds and enabling the transition to the accelerated production of mature and aligned collagen fibers. The controlled release of antimicrobial drugs through denatured collagens and gelatin microspheres, as well as the efficient healing observed in in vivo studies, demonstrate the potential of this system for effective wound care. Overall, the incorporation of ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres in porous collagen scaffold offers sustained releases of ciprofloxacin in infected environments, as supported by histological examination showing well-formed epidermis and dermis in the connective tissue of the skin. The system’s ability to heal full-thickness wounds within a significantly shorter time frame compared to antibiotic-incorporated collagen sponges further emphasizes its efficacy in wound healing.

A Spironolactone-Based Prototype of an Innovative Biomedical Patch for Wound Dressing Applications.

The electrospinning process is an effective technique for creating micro- and nanofibers from synthetic and natural polymers, with significant potential for biomedical applications and drug delivery systems due to their high drug-loading capacity, large surface area, and tunable release times. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) stands out for its excellent thermo-mechanical properties, biodegradability, and bioabsorbability. Electrospun PLLA nanofibrous structures have been extensively investigated as wound dressings, sutures, drug delivery carriers, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This study aims to create and characterize electrospun PLLA membranes loaded with spironolactone (SP), mimicking active compounds of Ganoderma lucidum (GL), to develop a biodegradable patch for topical wound-healing applications. GL, a medicinal mushroom, enhances dermal wound healing with its bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and ganoderic acids. Focusing on GL extracts-obtained through green extraction methods-and innovative drug delivery, we created new fibers for wound-healing potential applications. To integrate complex mixtures of bioactive compounds into the fibers, we developed a prototype using a single pure substance representing the extract mixture. This painstaking work presents the results of the fabricating, wetting, moisture properties, material resilience, and full characterization of the product, providing a robust rationale for the fabrication of fibers imbued with more complex extracts.

P07-22 Dermal and pulmonary injury induced by acute cutaneous nitrogen mustard exposure

P07-22 Dermal and pulmonary injury induced by acute cutaneous nitrogen mustard exposure

Ultra‐thin benzalkonium chloride‐doped poly(lactic acid) electrospun mat

AbstractIn this study, poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), and benzalkonium chloride with different concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9%wt.) (PLA/PEG/BCL) composite electrospun mats were produced. PLA is a non‐toxic polymer with high biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, it may be fragile due to its structure. Therefore, in this study, PEG was used as a plasticizer to improve the structural properties of PLA and it was aimed at providing antibacterial properties by adding BCL salt. Its use as an antibacterial composite nanomaterial effective against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial cultures and as a dermal wound dressing material has been examined in two different areas. The addition of BCL salt reduced the bead formation in PLA/PEG nanofibers and increased the homogeneity of fiber dispersion. 9% BCL‐doped composite nanofiber was obtained as the smoothest and most homogeneous surface. This mat was reported to have the highest ductility. The low Tm of pure BCL salt enabled the Tg temperature of PLA/PEG/BCL composite nanofibers to be observed. It was observed that as the BCL salt ratio increased, the T5 and T10 temperatures of the nanofibers decreased and then increased. BCL‐doped mats exhibited liquid absorption behavior in the range of 497%–708%. PLA/PEG/BCL composite nanofibers showed high toxicity to the L929 fibroblast cell line. So, it has been reported that it cannot be used as a dermal wound dressing. PLA/PEG/BCL composite nanomaterials were reported to have 99.99% antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. It was suggested that it could be used in antibacterial coating applications by taking into account modern nanocoating technology.Highlights Poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), and benzalkonium chloride (PLA/PEG/BCL) composite electrospun mats were produced. The addition of BCL salt reduced the bead formation in PLA/PEG nanofibers and increased the homogeneity of fiber dispersion. 9% BCL‐doped composite nanofiber was obtained as the smoothest and most homogeneous surface. PLA/PEG/BCL composite nanofibers showed high toxicity to the L929 fibroblast cell line. PLA/PEG/BCL composite nanomaterials were reported to have 99.99% antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

Exploring the role of dermal sheath cells in wound healing and fibrosis.

Wound healing is a complex, dynamic process involving the coordinated interaction of diverse cell types, growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components. Despite emerging evidence highlighting their importance, dermal sheath cells remain a largely overlooked aspect of wound healing research. This review explores the multifunctional roles of dermal sheath cells in various phases of wound healing, including modulating inflammation, aiding in proliferation, and contributing to extracellular matrix remodelling. Special attention is devoted to the paracrine effects of dermal sheath cells and their role in fibrosis, highlighting their potential in improving healing outcomes, especially in differentiating between hairy and non-hairy skin sites. By drawing connections between dermal sheath cells activity and wound healing outcomes, this work proposes new insights into the mechanisms of tissue regeneration and repair, marking a step forward in our understanding of wound healing processes.

MiR-494-3p regulates skin fibroblast activities by mediating fibromodulin production.

Skin wound healing is a well-coordinated process in which various cells and factors participate, during which fibroblast exhibits a critical role by exerting its multiple activities, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Previous studies have identified that fibromodulin (FMOD) could enhance dermal wound healing by promoting skin fibroblast activities, but little is known about its upstream regulator. We occasionally found that FMOD expression was downregulated in skin fibroblast by transforming growth factor-β1 treatment. It was hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNA) in skin fibroblast could downregulate FMOD production and blocking them would increase FMOD expression, as well as promote skin wound healing. Here, by utilizing combined analysis of miRNA microarray from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and miRNA targets prediction, we successfully identified a miRNA, termed miR-494-3p, could regulate FMOD production in human skin fibroblast (BJ fibroblast). The functional analysis revealed that miR-494-3p mimics could inhibit BJ fibroblast migration and invasion but not proliferation and differentiation, while miR-494-3p inhibition markedly promotes migration, invasion, and differentiation of BJ fibroblast. Moreover, we established FMOD overexpression (OE) and knockout BJ fibroblast. We found that FMOD OE could rescue the inhibitory effects of miR-494-3p mimics on the migration and invasion of BJ fibroblast. In contrast, the miR-494-3p inhibitor transfection could not enhance migration, invasion, and differentiation of FMOD KO BJ fibroblast. Together, our results suggest that miR-494-3p may be a potential target for skin wound management via regulating FMOD production.

Development of alginate/chitosan hydrogel loaded with obestatin and evaluation of collagen type I, III, VEGF and TGF-β1 gene expression for skin repair in a rat model (in vitro and in vitro study).

Skin injuries have long been recognized as a prevalent type of physical injury. As a result, numerous research studies have been performed to discover an effective mechanism for wound healing. Therefore, tissue engineering of skin has developed as a potential solution for traditional methods of treating skin injuries. Alginate/Chitosan hydrogel was mixed with 1, 10, 100, and 150µM Obestatin, and evaluated the morphology, cumulative release, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, water absorption, cell viability, weight loss, and antibacterial characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) alginate (Alg) and chitosan (Cs) hydrogels during the process of wound curing. Various concentrations of Obestatin (Obes) were utilized for this purpose. Finally, the hydrogels that were made were tested on a full-thickness dermal wound in a Wistar rat model. The curative effects were determined by analyzing RNA expression and examining tissue stained with Masson's trichrome (MT) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). The biodegradability of this hydrogel was verified using weight loss testing, which demonstrated a reduction of around 90% after a period of 3 days. Furthermore, the MTT assay demonstrated that hydrogels have a beneficial effect on cell proliferation without inducing any harmful effects. Furthermore, the hydrogels produced demonstrated higher wound closure in vivo compared to the wounds treated with gauze (negative control group). Among the hydrogel groups, the chitosan/alginate/obestatin 100µM group exhibited the apical percentage of wound closure, gene expression, and secondary epithelialization, but in 150µM concentrations, we saw a lower rate of cell growth and proliferation and increase in hemolysis. In addition, RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that a concentration of 100µM obestatin resulted in an upregulation in the expression of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen type I & type III, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The present study suggests that 3D Alg/Cs hydrogels with a concentration of 100µM obestatin have the potential for clinical application in the treatment of skin injuries.

PDIA iminosugar influence on subcutaneous Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in mice.

Biofilm-associated infections persist as a therapeutic challenge in contemporary medicine. The efficacy of antibiotic therapies is ineffective in numerous instances, necessitating a heightened focus on exploring novel anti-biofilm medical strategies. Among these, iminosugars emerge as a distinctive class of compounds displaying promising biofilm inhibition properties. This study employs an in vivo wound infection mouse model to evaluate the effectiveness of PDIA in treating biofilm-associated skin wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dermic wounds in mice were infected with biofilm-forming strains, specifically S. aureus 48 and P. aeruginosa 5, which were isolated from patients with diabetic foot, and are well-known for their strong biofilm formation. The subsequent analysis included clinical, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Furthermore, an exploration into the susceptibility of the infectious strains to hydrogen peroxide was conducted, acknowledging its potential presence during induced inflammation in mouse dermal wounds within an in vivo model. The findings revealed the efficacy of PDIA iminosugar against the S. aureus strain, evidenced by a reduction in bacterial numbers within the wound and the inflammatory focus. This study suggests that PDIA iminosugar emerges as an active and potentially effective antibiofilm agent, positioning it as a viable treatment option for staphylococcal infections.

Therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their wide therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory disorder.

The chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly affects the gastrointestinal system. While the precise etiology of IBD remains elusive, extensive research suggests that a range of pathophysiological pathways and immunopathological mechanisms may significantly contribute as potential factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various medical conditions. However, some MSCs have been found to exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, which limit their potential for medical treatments. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), paracrine factors play a crucial role in the therapeutic benefits conferred by MSCs. The EVs consist of proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, and are instrumental in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to the ease of maintenance, and decreased immunogenicity, tumorigenicity the EVs have become a new and exciting option for whole cell treatment. This review comprehensively assesses recent preclinical research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs as a potential IBD therapy. It comprehensively addresses key aspects of various conditions, including diabetes, cancer, dermal injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney diseases, and bone-related afflictions.

Development and characterization of contraction-suppressed full-thickness skin wound model in rabbits

The wound healing process in rodents (rats and mice) and lagomorphs (rabbits) predominantly relies on wound contraction rather than re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. As a result, existing laboratory animal models for wound healing often fail to mimic human wound healing mechanisms accurately. This study introduces a standardized rabbit model with superior translational potential for skin wound healing research. Two full-thickness dermal wounds were created on the posterior dorsal surface of each rabbit using a standard 2 ×2 cm² template. One of these wounds was randomly selected to be treated as a contraction-suppressed wound by applying a transparent adhesive elastic bandage. At the same time, the other was retained as a standard full-thickness wound. Wound contraction was measured on 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Histomorphological evaluation was done on day 35 to evaluate the quality of wound healing. The findings indicate that transparent adhesive elastic bandage prolonged the wound healing time and suppressed wound contraction in rabbits. In addition, the healed contraction-suppressed full-thickness wounds had denser and thicker collagen fibers than the healed standard full-thickness wounds, indicating better collagen fiber deposition. Our model achieved a 100 % success rate in maintaining the transparent adhesive elastic bandage in the rabbits. Therefore, we have developed a simple, non-invasive, cost-effective method for preventing wound contraction. Further studies are required to establish the utility of this model for studying wound healing mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions.

Enhanced healing of burn wounds by multifunctional alginate-chitosan hydrogel enclosing silymarin and zinc ‎oxide ‎nanoparticles

Multifunctional wound dressings have been applied for burn injuries to avoid complications and promote tissue regeneration. In the present study, we fabricated a natural alginate-chitosan hydrogel comprising silymarin and green-synthesized zinc ‎oxide ‎nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Then, the physicochemical attributes of ZnO NPs and loaded hydrogels were analyzed. Afterward, wound healing efficacy was evaluated in a rat model of full-thickness dermal burn wounds. The findings indicated that ZnO NPs were synthesized via reduction with phytochemicals from Elettaria cardamomum seeds extract. The microscopic images exhibited fairly spherical ZnO NPs (35-45nm), and elemental analysis verified the relevant composition. The hydrogel, containing silymarin and biosynthesized ZnO NPs, displayed a uniform appearance, smooth surfaces, and a porous structure. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy ‎identified functional groups, confirming the successful loading without adverse interactions. The obtained hydrogel exhibited great water absorption, high porosity, sustainable degradation for several days, and enhanced antioxidant capability of the combined loaded component. In vivo studies revealed faster and superior wound healing, achieving nearly complete closure by day 21. Histopathology confirmed improved cell growth, tissue regeneration, collagen deposition, and neovascularization. It is believed that this multifunctional hydrogel-based wound dressing can be applied for effective burn wound treatment.

Exosomes derived from mouse vibrissa dermal papilla cells promote hair follicle regeneration during wound healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Hair follicle (HF) regeneration during wound healing continues to present a significant clinical challenge. Dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) hold immense potential for inducing HF neogenesis. However, the accurate role and underlying mechanisms of DPC-Exos in HF regeneration in wound healing remain to be fully explained. This study, represents the first analysis into the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts during wound healing. Our findings demonstrated that DPC-Exos could stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, more importantly, enhance the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with DPC-Exos were capable of inducing HF neogenesis in nude mice when combined with neonatal mice epidermal cells. In addition, DPC-Exos accelerated wound re-epithelialization and promoted HF regeneration during the healing process. Treatment with DPC-Exos led to increased expression levels of the Wnt pathway transcription factors β-catenin and Lef1 in both fibroblasts and the dermis of skin wounds. Specifically, the application of a Wnt pathway inhibitor reduced the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts and wound healing. Accordingly, these results offer evidence that DPC-Exos promote HF regeneration during wound healing by enhancing the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This suggests that DPC-Exos may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving regenerative wound healing.

Value-Added Nanocellulose Valorized from Fruit Peel Waste for Potential Dermal Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerative Applications

Value-Added Nanocellulose Valorized from Fruit Peel Waste for Potential Dermal Wound Healing and Tissue Regenerative Applications