<p> Among the numerous known compounds of titanium only relatively few have found wide applicability in organic synthesis. Prominent among these are some organotitanium compounds with one or two cyclopentadienyl substituents, which have found increasing use in recent years for a variety of synthetic transformations. Unlike many other transition metals, the use of titanium is not limited only to catalytic systems, but it is often used in stoichiometric quantities, due to the high abundance, low cost and low intrinsic toxicity of this element. </p> <p> This review focuses on the use of cyclopentadienyl titanium derivatives for the synthesis of titanium-free products. The reactions are classified according to the type of chemical transformation and illustrative examples are given for both stoichiometric and catalytic systems. Wherever applicable, asymmetric variants are also highlighted. </p> <p> After a general introduction on the most synthetically useful classes of cyclopentadienyl titanium compounds and their preparation, the review continues with the various types of reductions, including the hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydrometallation of unsaturated derivatives, and several methods for dehalogenation and deoxygenation. This is followed by a discussion of titanium-mediated oxidations, including alkene epoxidation and ketone hydroxylation. Several reactions in which the titanium compounds serve as Lewis acids are then discussed, including aldol reactions and cycloadditions. A number of methods involving the formation of C-C bonds, such as addition to carbonyls, nitriles and alkynes are then reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of methods involving the formation of C=C bonds from carbonyls, including pertinent synthetic applications. Several types of titanium-mediated cyclizations are then discussed with an emphasis on intramolecular reductive coupling reactions. Finally, an overview of several types of polymerization processes is given with an emphasis on Ziegler-Natta, ring-opening metathesis polymerizations, silane polymerizations and miscellaneous other polymerizations mediated by cyclopentadienyl titanium compounds. </p> <p> Overall, this review not only illustrates the high chemical diversity of titanium but it also demonstrates the unique reactivity exhibited by the cyclopentadienyl substituents.</p>