Derivational Morphemes Research Articles

Exploring Nominalization and Adjectivization in Joko Widodo’s Speech: A Morphological Analysis

This study focuses at adjectivization and nominalization of derivational morphemes in Joko Widodo's speech. With derivational morphemes changing word meanings and classes, morphology indicates how languages have evolved. Adjectivization turns words into adjectives whereas nominalization converts non-nouns to nouns. These procedures enrich language, increasing the complexity of communication. Speeches are essential for expressing ideas and forming opinions. By examining Joko Widodo's speech, one can gain insight into morphological techniques used in formal situations. This study examines the functions of adjectivization and nominalization in communication using qualitative approaches and document analysis. Findings show that nominalization, which transforms verbs and adjectives into nouns, improves expression, while adjectivization highlights characteristics and features. Both methods help to communicate complex ideas and vivid descriptions. Future research can examine additional examples and circumstances, even if this study deepens our understanding of derivational morphemes in speech. Finally, Joko Widodo's speech serves as an example of how language may be flexible through nominalization and adjectivization. These processes highlight language's flexibility by enhancing meaning and increasing listener involvement. By using these methods, ideas and creativity are effectively communicated. Understanding how language modifies meaning through morphological changes is aided by the findings of this study.

Afijación: factor esencial para la Competencia Comunciativa

Introducción English language gives great advantages to speakers of any language that is why this is studied worldwide. One of the most important elements when studying English is its morphological structures which contribute to the communicative competence. Morphological features of words such as affix frequency may provide semantic cues that can help in the learning of new words. Therein, regular inflection applies by grammatical rules, such as addition of -ed to the word stems for English past tense. Irregular inflection, in contrast, is less predictable and comprises various alternations of the word form (e.g., sleep – slept). Understanding of affix knowledge development is of great importance for both researchers and practitioners, since it might shed light on the process of vocabulary acquisition and the role of affix knowledge in reading. Competence is what speakers do with the language so that communicative competence is the know-how of the language. It may be affected by the situational context. The common European Framework for references for languages (CEFR) includes 3 levels of language competences; basic user, independent users and competent users. Communicative approaches toward language learning and teaching suggest that the purpose of language subject is to develop learners’ communication and interaction ability. To sum up morphological structures which can be regular or irregular truly benefit the development of the speakers´ communicative competence. Objetivos The aim of the research was to determine the influence of affixation in the communicative competence of the students from the English Program at Technical University of Ambato. The specific objectives were focused on the identification of the prefixes and suffixes that denote opposition, pluralization, meaning and grammatical categories. Another specific objective has to do with the recognition of communicative competence elements such as linguistic and translinguistic. Método This was quantitative research due to all the items were transferred into numerical data to get percentages and tendencies. Bars and charts were used to show the data obtained from the survey. Additionally, the research had a descriptive focus with the application of a validated survey (Alpha de Cronbach 0.801) that included a pilot administration of the survey. The survey consisted of 21 closed questions applied to 100 students from the English Program at Technical University of Ambato. Principales resultados The results portrayed that 59% of students state that teachers always used morphological structures constructed by <-ed> to change the verb tenses into past in words like work and worked. On the other hand, 73% of students maintain that teachers never the verb suffix such as <-en> in words like shorten as well as the suffixes that form plurals based on other languages structures such as cactus and cacti. In the same path, 61% of students state that teacher never use prefixes for word meaning as <mono-> in words like monolingual and prefixes that express the opposite as <im-> in words like impolitic. Additionally, 49% of pupils think that teachers frequently use prefixes to form nouns such as <-ment> in words like achievement. 52% of students admit that teachers rarely use suffixes to make to change word into adverbs for instance <-ly>, <-wise>, <-ward> in words as rapidly, likewise or toward. Conclusiones The morphological structures rarely used by teachers and students are the ones that denote opposition, prefixes that give meaning to words and formation of plural in reference to other languages. Additionally, the morphological structures with more difficulty are the derivational morphemes such as formation of plurals that are originated from other languages as cactus and cacti, suffixes that express opposition as impolitic, dissimilar; suffixes that imply meaning as monolingual or biotechnology, verb suffixes like shorten, and adverb suffixes like rapidly. Very important to mention that morphological structures promote the development of linguistic and translinguistic elements of any language since they are connected to the increasing of vocabulary which is the building block of a language. The study of morphological structures must be part of teachers’ knowledge so learning takes place during lessons.

Examination of an Automated Procedure for Calculating Morphological Complexity.

The aim of this study was to advance the analysis of written language transcripts by validating an automated scoring procedure using an automated open-access tool for calculating morphological complexity (MC) from written transcripts. The MC of words in 146 written responses of students in fifth grade was assessed using two procedures: (a) hand-coding of words containing derivational morphemes by trained scorers and (b) an automated analysis of MC using Morpholex, a newly developed web-based tool. Correlational analysis between the different MC calculations was examined to consider the relation between hand-coded derivational morpheme counts and the automated measures. Additionally, all MC measures were compared to a previously gathered rating of writing quality to consider predictive validity between the automated Morpholex score and teachers' ratings of writing quality. Automated measures of MC had a strong relation (r = .63) with hand-coding of the number of words with derivational morphemes. Additionally, the number of derivational and inflectional and derivational morphemes accounted for a significant amount of the variation in teachers' overall ratings of writing quality. Automated scoring of MC has potential utility as a valid alternative to hand-coding language samples, which may be valuable for progress monitoring of growth in complexity across repeated samples and measuring components that influence perceived quality of academic writing.

Handwriting processes when spelling morphologically complex words in children with and without Developmental Language Disorder.

Representations activated during handwriting production code information on morphological structure and reflect decomposition of the root and suffix. Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have significant difficulties in spelling morphologically complex words, but previous research has not sought evidence for a morphological decomposition effect via an examination of handwriting processes in this population. Thirty-three children aged 9-10 years with DLD, 33 children matched for chronological age (CA), and 33 younger children aged 7-8 years matched for oral language ability (LA) completed a dictated spelling task (21 words; 12 with inflectional suffixes, nine with derivational suffixes). The task was completed on paper with an inking pen linked to a graphics tablet running the handwriting software Eye and Pen. Pause analyses and letter duration analyses were conducted. The three groups showed similar handwriting processes, evidencing a morphological decomposition effect in a natural writing task. Pause durations observed at the root/suffix boundary were significantly longer than those occurring in the root. Letter durations were also significantly longer for the letter immediately prior to the boundary compared to the letter after it. Nevertheless, despite being commensurate to their LA matches for mean pause durations and letter durations, children with DLD were significantly poorer at spelling derivational morphemes. Handwriting processes did significantly predict spelling accuracy but to a much lesser extent compared to reading ability. It is suggested that derivational spelling difficulties in DLD may derive more from problems with underspecified orthographic representations as opposed to handwriting processing differences.

An Analysis on Derivational Morphemes in the Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech

This research aims to identify the most dominant type of derivational morphemes and the formation process of derivational morphemes found in the Joe Biden’s inauguration speech. This research was a descriptive study. The researcher used documents to collect the data. The corpus of this research was the transcript of the inauguration speech by Joe Biden. The data were collected from the official website “The White House”. Then, the data were sorted out of the corpus. This research used open coding and focused coding to analyze the data. The writer used the theory of Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams to analyze the most dominant type of derivational morphemes and Koltai’s theory to analyze the formation process of derivational morphemes. The findings of this research found that the most dominant type of derivational morphemes found in the Joe Biden’s inauguration speech are suffixes with 147 data out of 158 data. The formation processes of derivational morphemes found are noun formation, verb formation, adjective formation, and adverb formation. Noun formation becomes the most dominant formation process with 107 data out of 158 data. This research covered two types of derivational morphemes and four formation processes of derivational morphemes as a discussion for further linguistic study on morphology, especially derivational morphemes.

To describe or to make a description: How Uzbek verbal morphology handles borrowings

In the field of contact linguistics, how susceptible certain lexical categories are to borrowing is a major topic of discussion. Verbs, in particular, have been a subject of controversy for several decades. This study seeks to add to that discussion by consulting Uzbek as a test case. As a Turkic language with agglutinating morphology and a language that has been subject to influence from several prestige languages, Uzbek has a wealth of borrowed vocabulary available to be analyzed and a verbal system that allows for relatively easy dissection to see which processes borrowings may need to undergo in order to function as verbs in the target language. Using two online Uzbek-English dictionaries, verbs that included various derivational morphemes were obtained and analyzed to see if there was evidence of verbs being borrowed into the language. Upon completion of this analysis, it was determined that Uzbek does not borrow verbs. Instead, its rich derivational morphology allows for a highly productive system of transforming adjectives and nouns into verbs, meaning that there is no reason to borrow verbs themselves.

An example of the variant suffixes -ica and -ka in feminatives derived from masculine words ending in -or and -ator

The article examines feminatives as a semantic and word-formation category. In Slavic languages feminatives are mainly regarded as modificational derivatives formed from masculine derivatives by the whole replacement of the masculine suffix (bor-(-ec/-k?), partial replacement of the masculine suffix (bra-l/(-ec/-ka), or by adding the feminine suffix to the masculine suffix (miz-ar/-ka). Due to the expansion of global communication through mass media, the inevitable broadening of vocabulary requires the adaptation of borrowed words to the morphemic, morphological and word-formation paradigms of the borrowing language. As a consequence, it comes as no surprise that feminatives formed from the same masculine base often have two or more variants of feminine suffixes (dekan-ica - dekan-ka - dekan-ja). Three examples of variant feminine suffixes -ica and -ka added to masculine nouns ending in suffixes -or and -ator, which are of foreign origin, are examined in this paper. The purpose of the study is to establish which of the feminine suffixes are more productive and how they conform to the established patterns. The examined cases of masculine formations using the borrowed suffixes -or and its variant -ator (in addition to -tor, -itor and -utor) in the semantic category of living beings show variability in languages such as Slovene, Serbian and Slovakian, which are dependent on the existence of an appropriate nominal or verbal base in the language. In Slovene, such formations are consistently deverbal, while in Serbian and Slovakian they are either denominal or deverbal. The study focuses on three masculine formations koordinator, selektor and senator, and examines how their suffixes combine with the feminine suffix variants (-ka and -ica). The established pattern in Slovene predicts that masculine formations in -ator will form feminatives by adding the suffix -ka, while masculine formations in -or will form feminatives by adding the suffix -ica. In the example of the words koordinator- ka (from koordin-ator) and selektor-ica (from selekt-or), the usage confirms this pattern. However, there is a deviation from this pattern in the example of senatorka (from senat-or), where the feminative senator-ica would be predicted. The study offers a possible answer to the question of such deviations from the predictable patterns in contrast to the actual use of feminative suffixes. It is clear that language users are guided by different analogies when they form words. Although these analogies may not be linguistically supported, they are important in motivating the formation of many new words, especially those from borrowed bases. The language user depends on the recognition of the formal structure of the word to be able to choose a predictable word-formation pattern. In borrowed words, such formal structure is less clear, since it is based on foreign word-formation patterns with foreign root and derivational morphemes.

DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES ANALYSIS OF CATEGORIES AND FUNCTIONS IN JEFF BEZOS’ TWEETS: MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH.

The aim of this research is to analyze the derivational morphemes categories and the additional meaning of the words by the addition of the morphemes in Jeff Bezos’ tweets. Jeff Bezos, as an entrepreneur and economic influencer was found using dictions of words containing derivational morphemes in his tweets. Therefore, the morphological analysis is important in order to know the role of morphemes in obtaining the intended meaning. The researchers used the theory from Fromkin et al. (2017) to analyze the categories and Sheehan (2000) to analyze the additional meaning of the words based on the addition of morphemes. Descriptive qualitative method was taken in order to analyze the data, and the data was collected by using observational method which then reduced from the tweets of 2018 to 2022. As the results of the research, 85 morphemes were found that change the parts of speech of the words, including 13 suffixes that changed noun to adjective, 35 suffixes that changed verb to noun, 15 suffixes that changed adjective to adverb, 2 suffixes and 1 prefix that changed noun to verb, 11 suffixes that changed adjective to noun, and 8 suffixes that changed verb to adjective. Moreover, the researcher also found 7 suffixes and 16 prefixes that did not change the part of speech of the words. Furthermore, it was also found that the morphemes brought a significance in giving the additional meaning for the words.

The Derivational and Inflectional Morpheme in Dwayne Johnson’s Speech: Morphology Perspective

This research aims to discover the category of words that are taken from an object of speech. The researcher focuses on occurrence frequency and the process of words that have been used in the speech. This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher collected some words through the speech, and then continued to classify them into morphological analysis, specifically derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. The researcher employed the Victoria Fromkin theory to analyze the words and filter them into the derivational morpheme category and inflectional morpheme category. The results reveal the 48 words with 10 of them (21%) represent derivational morphemes. In the derivational morphemes, there are 2 words whose parts of speech do not change and 8 words that do. There are 38 inflectional morphemes (79%) that are divided into 8 categories. These 8 categories consist of 14 plural words, 9 progressive words, 8 past tense words, 2 superlative words, 2 possessive words, 2 third person singular words, and 1 past participle word.

Analysis of Figurative Language and Imagery in Songs Lyric of Sam Smith’s Album ‘The Lonely Hour’

This research aims to discover the category of words that are taken from an object of speech. The researcher focuses on occurrence frequency and the process of words that have been used in the speech. This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher collected some words through the speech, and then continued to classify them into morphological analysis, specifically derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. The researcher employed the Victoria Fromkin theory to analyze the words and filter them into the derivational morpheme category and inflectional morpheme category. The results reveal the 48 words with 10 of them (21%) represent derivational morphemes. In the derivational morphemes, there are 2 words whose parts of speech do not change and 8 words that do. There are 38 inflectional morphemes (79%) that are divided into 8 categories. These 8 categories consist of 14 plural words, 9 progressive words, 8 past tense words, 2 superlative words, 2 possessive words, 2 third person singular words, and 1 past participle word

ADVENTURES OF THE GREEK PREPOSITION μετά: FROM METAPHYSICS TO METAFILES

The present paper discusses the unique role which the Greek preposition μέτα (meta) plays in forming international terms. The research is conducted with three purposes: a) to outline the stages of the functional transposition of the Greek word μέτα (meta) tracking down its transformation into derivational morpheme with a set of homonymous meanings; b) to reveal the status of μέτα in terminological units and c) to show the role of this morpheme in the formation of the notion of metalanguage. It is claimed that μέτα had undergone functional transposition before it caused real “terminological pandemic” becoming a component of hundreds of international terms – from adverb to preposition and finally to affix. Having discussed the cluster of ideas concerning the morphemic status of this and similar Greek and Latin affixes in a variety of terminological units, the authors substantiate the idea that it is a prefix that can add different senses to derived terms. A substantial portion of the paper is dedicated to the term “metalanguage”. The latter is viewed from the standpoint of the dynamic term-forming perspective and defined as a universal semiotic code of the semantic and syntactic description of the object-language and thus is an important fragment of an operative configuration of knowledge. The article approaches different issues of the interpretation of metalanguage trying to explain the logic of the development of this notion via the driving force of the prefix. Key words: derivational morpheme, Greek prefix μέτα-, term-formation, international term-element, metalanguage.

AN ANALYSIS OF MORPHEME IN BLACK PANTHER MOVIES: MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH

This study aims to identify the types of morphemes and the category of the bound morphemes used in Black Panther Movie, the researcher chose to analyze the black panther morpheme because it is interesting, the language in the film is not only English, and the words used are simple. Has a complex and compelling storyline. The film then shone at the Oscars because many people enjoyed it and wanted to see it. And, when considering the issues and perspectives presented, Black Panther was so successful that it was accepted by the world and received numerous awards. The researchers used observation technique to collect the data by watching the movie, taking notes, and classifying the data into each category. The data then were analyzed qualitatively through three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and verification, after gathering all the data from the Black Panther film, the researchers will choose and simplify the information that will be used in the analysis. The data were be organized and classified into the derivational and inflectional morphemes after the reduction procedure is complete in order to be presented. After completing the processes, the researcher confirmed the data in accordance with the study's objectives and draw conclusions from the already-analyzed data. Categorizing the data into certain types of morphemes is based on Booij, who classified type of morpheme into free morphemes and bound morphemes. Further data classification whether the data is included in free morpheme or bound morpheme is based on Booji, Salzmann, and Yule. This study found 341 free morphemes and 76 bound morphemes in Black Panther Movie, which the number of inflectional morphemes (56 data) are more than derivational morphemes (20 data). Most of the data found in this study are free morphemes, because in the black panther film they talk more about the problems of people who are doing war.

An Investigation into the Derivations of the English Language and the Ukwuani Language

This paper looked into the derivations in English and Ụkwụani. Since derivation is a morphological process, the paper started by explaining derivational morphemes. Types of derivations were also explained such as: derived nominals, derived verbals and adverbials. Derivation of one word-class to another word-class; and derivations from the same word-class were critically examined in the two languages. These include: derived nominal from verbals, derived nominal from nominals, derived adjectival from adverbial. Also, this paper went further to investigate the affixes use in derivation in both English and Ụkwụani languages. The affixes used in English derivations include: prefixes and suffixes while the Ụkwụani language used prefixes and inter-fixes to derive words. All the foregoing were carefully examined in this paper. The method of research for this paper is the interview technique. The researcher conducted an interview with the aid of a questionnaire administered to some students in junior secondary school through random sampling. This is done with L1 speaker of Ụkwụani, for a proper analysis of the paper. Our study explained vividly that differences abound in the derivations of English and Ụkwụani. For example suffixes in English are used for derivation while Ụkwụni suffixes are used for inflection only and the nominal are derived by adding prefix to the verbally. Also there are no addition of suffixes in the derivation of Ụkwụani plurals as in the case of English. There are no derivational suffixes for a change of word class in Ukwuani as in the English language.

Morphological Analysis of Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes on Instagram’s Captions

Morphological process in word formation is not limited to the long text, novel or story, but it could be founded into shorter sentences such as Instagram’s captions. Inflectional and derivational morphemes are a part of morphological process that used as a word formation. This study used a qualitative descriptive method to look for the types and the function of inflectional and derivational morphemes. The data was collected from Barack Obama’s captions on Instagram post and analysed by using the theory of Victoria Fromkin, Rodman R, and Hymas N. in An Introduction to Language, 2014. The result showed that there were forty live kinds of inflectional morphemes and there were thirty four kinds of derivational morphemes, so there were eighty nine overall regarded to inflectional and derivational morphemes. However, there are not all types of inflectional morphemes that can be found in this study. The inflectional morphemes were to give grammatical information and do not the part of speech. In contras the derivational morpheme is the complex one because it can change the meaning and category of speech when some morphemes attached

DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES IN ENGLISH AND JAVANESE

ABSTRACT This study is about the realization of derivational and inflectional morphemes in English and Javanese. The objectives of this study are to investigate the kinds of derivational and inflectional in English and Javanese short stories, how the English and Javanese words formed by derivational and inflectional, and to explain the realization of derivational and inflectional morphemes in English and Javanese. This study is designed in descriptive-qualitative research. The source of data is English and Javanese short stories namely 1) Oedipus Rex and Sangkuriang, 2) Beauty and the beast and Lutung Kasarung. The data of the study is the words of English and Javanese. The findings of the study showed that the word formation formed by derivational morpheme in English short stories were begun from Oedipus rex consisted of 11 noun formation, 1 verb formation, 2 adjective formation and 8 adverb formation. While, beauty and the beast consisted of 16 noun formation, 2 verb formation, 9 adjective formation, and 14 adverb formation. The total of derivational process in Oedipus Rex and beauty and the beast was 63 words (52%). The word formation formed by derivational morpheme in Javanese short stories were begun from Sangkuriang consisted of 17 noun formation, 16 verb formation, and 1 adverb formation. While, Lutung Kasarung had 3 noun formation, 16 verb formation, 1 adjective formation, and 4 adverb formation. The total of derivational process in sangkuriang and Lutung Kasarung was 58 words (48%). The word formation formed by inflectional morpheme in English short stories were begun from Oedipus Rex had 1 noun formation, 27 verb formation, and 2 adjective formation. While, Beauty and the Beast had 12 noun formation, 36 verb formation, and 14 adjective formation. The total was 92 words (100%). Javanese did not have inflectional process.

A Morphosyntactic Analysis on Narrative Writing of the Fresh Year Students’s of Management Informatics AMIK MEDICOM

The purpose of the research is to analyze about morphology and sintactic structure in writing an English narrative essay. Morphology and Sintax are very important studies in learning English. Morphology is the study of how words are structured and how they are put together from smaller part, as morphemes are the smallest significant units of grammar. Meanwhile syntax discusses how sentences are structured. The purposes of this research are to cover the students morphosintactic errors operating on the students of the management informatics students’ narrative writing and how these errors affect the whole clause structure, the inflectional morphemes, derivational morphemes and the pattern of clause structure in the students narrative writing. The method used in this reserch is qualitative describtion where the data sources are taken from the fresh year students narrative writing. The finding revealse are two kinds of morphology, they are derivational and inflectional. Affixes such as suffixes, infixes, prefixes, ablaut and reduplication are kinds of derivational morphology, meanwhile plural, possessive, past time, progressive, comparative, and superlative are kinds of inflectional morphology. Syntactically, the errors occur becuse of not being aware how to build a phrase or a sentence in English. They write more than one verb in a phrase or a sentence which does not need but one. As well they are not sure about word order in English and how to build a simple sentence. They like to miss subject or object pronoun in their sentence. We can explain that by saying that all these forms do not exist in Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language), resulting in the tendency for the students to omit or add these forms in their writing. Too many clauses in one sentence often occur in their sentece.

Türkiye Türkçesinde Bağlılık Kategorisinde Bağımlı Biçimbirimlerin Morfosemantiği Üzerine

In this study, the thesis was defended that nominal derivational morphemes, which are considered incumbent structures, work as meaning complements, and the findings supporting the subject are discussed in the "Loyalty Category". In this respect, the study is important in terms of determining the connections between morphology and semantics, taking into account the semantic properties of nominal derivational morphemes, and creating a holistic perspective. It is also innovative in that it offers morphosemantic classification. In the research, the stratified sampling method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and words with nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns were determined as a sample in the "Turkish Dictionary" published by the Turkish Language Institution in 2011. The "Loyalty Category" was created based on the lexemes determined by scanning the Turkish Dictionary and the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to these words. "Loyalty Category" was created over the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to the substantives. "Loyalty" means "1. a. The state of being attached, the affiliation 2. a. To show and show closeness to someone with love, respect, loyalty." (TS: 232). When we look at the lexemes determined in the loyalty category, it is seen that the category is wider than the dictionary meaning, and it is observed that the category is formed with some nominal derivational morphemes. However, even if they take the same morpheme, the meaning between the lexemes is different. For example, although the words Turkish, traditionalist, pacifist, hometown, associationist, and pretentious have taken the +CI morpheme, each one is different from the other in terms of the meaning category they refer to. Considering these differences, the "Loyalty Category" is divided into seven sub-categories: Pointing to Devotion to Doctrine, Pointing To Be Dependent, Pointing To Be Pro, Pointing Target, Pointing To Be A Member, Pointing To Be A Representative, Pointing to Suffering. The morphemes that form the loyalty category by being added to the words have been determined as follows: +CI, +CIl, +dAş, +lI, +lIk. In the research, it has been seen that nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns form certain meaning categories in the words they are added to. These categories can be grouped under a general title, or it has been determined that they are divided into sub-meaning categories with a more detailed examination. Thus, it is thought that nominal derivational morphemes should be evaluated not as meaningless structures but as structures that establish meaning. * This study is extracted from the master thesis entitled "Morphosemantic Analysis of Dependent Morphemes Making Nouns in Turkey Turkish" supervised by Prof. Dr. Funda Toprak (Ankara: Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis, 2022).

CRYTICAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHEMES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE POEMS

The main thing that must be learned in mastering a language is words. Words are related to morphology because morphology affects spelling, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. In understanding the meaning of vocabulary, language users need to study morphology, especially derivational and inflectional morphemes. This research is designed to identify and explain the process of derivational and inflectional morphemes in the poems. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research is the poetries of William Shakespeare entitled All the World’s A Stage and Fidele ((Fear no more the heat o’ the sun). The results showed that there were 61 morphemes consisting of 18 derivational morphemes and 43 inflectional morphemes. The meaning of derivational and inflectional are derivational prefix: un-, derivational suffix: -ly, -er, -ful, -ish, -ness, -ous, -ing, -ed, and –tion; and inflectional suffix: -s, -ed, irregular verb, -‘s, -ing.

Derivational Affixes Found in "Before the Coffee Gets Cold by Toshikazu Kawaguchi"

The affixation is an important part of the word construction process and must be considered in the morphological aspect of word production. In general, there are two types of affixation processes: derivational and inflectional. This study focused on the types of derivational affixes found in the novel Before the Coffee Gets Cold and their functions. The information was gathered by marking/quoting the novel’s sentences according to their forms and functions. The main theory used in this research is Francis Katamba’s theory of derivational morpheme found in Morphology (1993). An Introduction to Language by Victorian Fromkin, Robert Redman, Peter Collins, and David Blair (1985) and English Word Formation by Laurie Bauer were used as supporting theories (1983). According to the findings of the analysis, the novel Before the Coffee Gets Cold contains some forms and functions of derivational affixes. Prefix en-, which can change the word class and meaning of base, and prefix un-, re-, in-/ im-, and dis-, which can modify the meaning of the base without changing the word class, are examples of derivational affixes found in data sources. Aside from the prefix, there are suffixes like -al, -ing, -en, -less, -able, -ful, -ion, -ness, -er, and -ize that can change the word class and meaning of the base, as well as suffixes like -ship, - or -ful, and -er that can change the meaning of the base without changing the word class.
 Keywords: derivational affixes, morphology, novel “Before the Coffee Gets Cold by Toshikazu Kawaguchi

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes on the Thesis Abstracts

An analysis of derivational and inflectional morpheme has great values because sometimes, learners face difficulties in understanding those morphemes. Dealing with this problem, this study was aimed to describe the types of derivational and inflectional morphemes. As this study analyzed the written documents, this study was identified as library research. Subjects of this study were five alumni of the master of English education study program of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. Documentation and the researcher himself were recognized as the instruments of this study. The data of this study were all words attached by derivational or inflectional morpheme, and all those data were taken from students’ research abstracts. In analyzing the data, the researcher used content analysis. The results showed that the researcher found and discussed two types of derivational morpheme namely derivational prefix (“-un” and “-in”) and derivational suffix (“-ion”, “-al”, “-ance”, “-er”, “-ive”, “-ity”, “-able”, “-ary”, and “-ly”). However, the researcher found and discussed 5 types of inflectional morpheme covering: plural (-s), possessive (-s’ or ‘s), present (-s or -es), past (-ed), and present participle (-ing).