Volume Of Deposits Research Articles

Landslide Deposit Erosion and Reworking Documented by Geomatic Surveys at Mount Meager, BC, Canada

Mount Meager is a deeply eroded quaternary volcanic complex located in southwestern British Columbia (BC) and is known for its frequent large landslides. In 2010, the south face of Mount Meager collapsed, generating a long-runout debris avalanche that was one of the largest landslides (50 × 106 m3) in Canadian history. Over the past 14 years, the landslide deposit has been reworked by stream action, delivering large amounts of sediment to Lillooet River, just downstream. In this study, we investigate 10 years of geomorphic evolution of the landslide deposit using orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) generated using Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry on aerial photographs acquired during unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys. The SfM products were used to produce a series of precise maps that highlight the geomorphological changes along the lower Meager Creek within the runout area of the landslide. Comparison of DEMs produced from 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2019 imagery allowed us to calculate deposit volume changes related to erosion, transport, and redeposition of landslide material. We estimate that about 1.1 × 106 m3 of sediment was eroded from the landslide deposit over the period 2015–2019. About 5.2 × 105 m3 of that sediment was redeposited inside the study area. About 5.8 × 105 m3 of sediment, mainly sand, silt, and clay, were exported from the study area and are being carried by Lillooet River towards Pemberton, 40 km from Mount Meager, and farther downstream. These remobilized sediments likely reduce the Lillooet River channel capacity and thus increase flood hazards to the communities of Pemberton and Mount Currie. Our study indicates a landslide persistence in the landscape, with an estimated 47-year half-life decay, suggesting that higher flood hazard conditions related to increased sediment supply may last longer than previously estimated. This study shows the value of using SfM in tandem with historic aerial photographs, UAV photos, and high-resolution satellite imagery for determining sediment budgets in fluvial systems.

Study on the Improvement of Droplet Penetration Effect by Nozzle Tilt Angle under the Influence of Orthogonal Side Wind.

This study investigates the impact of varying side wind velocities and nozzle inclination angles on droplet penetration during plant protection spraying operations, focusing on citrus trees. Experiments were conducted across four wind speed levels (0, 1, 2, 3 m/s) perpendicular to the nozzle direction and seven nozzle inclination levels (0°, 8°, 15°, 23°, 30°, 38°, 45°) to evaluate droplet distribution under different spraying parameters. A baseline condition with 0 m/s wind speed and a 0° nozzle angle served as the control. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and regression analysis techniques in conjunction with field trials, the droplet penetration was analyzed. Results indicate that at constant wind speeds, adjusting the nozzle inclination angle against the direction of the side wind can significantly enhance droplet deposition in the canopy, with a 23° inclination providing the optimal increase in deposition volume, averaging a change of +16.705 μL/cm2. Multivariate nonlinear regression analysis revealed that both wind speed and nozzle inclination angle significantly affect the droplet penetration ratio, demonstrating a correlation between these factors, with wind speed exerting a greater impact than nozzle angle. Increasing the nozzle inclination angle at higher wind speeds improves the penetration ratio, with the optimal parameters being a 23° angle and 3 m/s wind speed, showing a 12.6% improvement over the control. The model fitted for the impact of nozzle angle and wind speed on droplet penetration was validated through field experiments, identifying optimal angles for enhancing penetration at wind speeds of 1, 2, and 3 m/s as 8°, 17°, and 25°, respectively. This research provides insights for improving droplet penetration techniques in plant protection operations.

Spatio-Temporal Morphodynamics of a Nourished Sandy Shore Based on LiDAR Measurements

Coastal erosion is a pervasive global phenomenon, exemplified by the Hel Peninsula situated in the Gulf of Gdańsk, the southern Baltic Sea. The geological constitution of the Hel Peninsula, characterized by sandy and loosely consolidated material, predisposes its coastal zones to continual morphological changes. The peninsula’s limited width and elevation exacerbate shoreline erosion, particularly during periods of heightened storm activity. This study scrutinizes the effectiveness of coastal nourishment interventions, with a specific focus on segments influenced by the Władysławowo port and the Kuźnica vicinity, over several years. This specific section of the coast serves as a significant case study due to its role as a transit zone for sand transport along the whole peninsula. Protective measures, including shore nourishments and coastal groynes, aim to mitigate erosion impacts. Utilizing Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data spanning from 2008 to 2022, erosion dynamics were analyzed. The analysis reveals significant erosion patterns coinciding with the frequency and volume of nourishment material deposition, particularly evident in heavily nourished areas proximate to Władysławowo and Kuźnica. Despite persistent monitoring endeavors, persistent erosive trends pose imminent threats to Kuźnica’s infrastructure, necessitating further research into the efficacy of implemented coastal protection measures.

Association between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensities

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological process itself cause cerebral white matter degeneration, resulting in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Some preclinical evidence also indicates that white matter degeneration may precede or affect the development of AD pathology. This study aimed to clarify the direction of influence between in vivo AD pathologies, particularly beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau deposition, and WMHs through longitudinal approach.MethodsTotal 282 older adults including cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE) cohort. The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B PET for measuring Aβ deposition, [18F] AV-1451 PET for measuring tau deposition, and MRI scans with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image for measuring WMH volume. The relationships between Aβ or tau deposition and WMH volume were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. In this analysis, baseline Aβ or tau were used as independent variables, and change of WMH volume over 2 years was used as dependent variable to examine the effect of AD pathology on increase of WMH volume. Additionally, we set baseline WMH volume as independent variable and longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years as dependent variables to investigate whether WMH volume could precede AD pathologies.ResultsBaseline Aβ deposition, but not tau deposition, had significant positive association with longitudinal change of WMH volume over 2 years. Baseline WMH volume was not related with any of longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years. We also found a significant interaction effect between baseline Aβ deposition and sex on longitudinal change of WMH volume. Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that high baseline Aβ deposition was associated with increase of WMH volume over 2 years in female, but not in male.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Aβ deposition accelerates cerebral WMHs, particularly in female, whereas white matter degeneration appears not influence on longitudinal Aβ increase. The results also did not support any direction of influence between tau deposition and WMHs.

The effect of Wharton’s jelly-derived stem cells seeded/boron-loaded acellular scaffolds on the healing of full-thickness burn wounds in the rat model

Burn wounds are the most destructive and complicated type of skin or underlying soft tissue injury that are exacerbated by a prolonged inflammatory response. Several cell-based therapeutic systems through the culturing of potent stem cells on modified scaffolds have been developed to direct the burn healing challenges. In this context, a new regenerative platform based on boron (B) enriched-acellular sheep small intestine submucosa (AOSIS) scaffold was designed and used as a carrier for mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJMSCs) aiming to promote the tissue healing in burn-induced rat models. hWJMSCs have been extracted from human extra-embryonic umbilical cord tissue. Thereafter, 96 third‐degree burned Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals that did not receive any treatment were considered as group A (control). Then, group B was treated just by AOSIS scaffold, group C was received cell-seeded AOSIS scaffold (hWJMSCs-AOSIS), and group D was covered by boron enriched-cell-AOSIS scaffold (B/hWJMSCs-AOSIS). Inflammatory factors, histopathological parameters, and the expression levels of epitheliogenic and angiogenic proteins were assessed on 5, 14 and 21 d post-wounding. Application of the B/hWJMSCs-AOSIS on full-thickness skin-burned wounds significantly reduced the volume of neutrophils and lymphocytes at day 21 post-burning, whilst the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels enhanced at this time. In addition, molecular and histological analysis of wounds over time further verified that the addition of boron promoted wound healing, with decreased inflammatory factors, stimulated vascularization, accelerated re-epithelialization, and enhanced expression levels of epitheliogenic genes. In addition, the boron incorporation amplified wound closure via increasing collagen deposition and fibroblast volume and activity. Therefore, this newly fabricated hWJMSCs/B-loaded scaffold can be used as a promising system to accelerate burn wound reconstruction through inflammatory regulation and angiogenesis stimulation.

The Impact of Implementing Value-Added Tax on the Islamic Banking Practices

The main aim of this research is to determine the impact of implementing VAT on Islamic banking practices. Prohibition of Riba (interest) and Gharar (uncertainty) are the fundamental principles of Islamic banking and key differentiators to differentiate it from conventional banking practices. It was found that Riba and Gharar are the two main hindrances for the Islamic banks operating in Saudi Arabia, as these two are not endorsed by existing Sharia principles. As a result, the Islamic banks in the country leveraged Mudarabah to invest in asset development, which is supported by Sharia principles. On the other hand, rising interest rates, influenced by VAT implementation that caused a rise in commodity prices as well, led to consumers seeking less loan support. In contrast, it increased the money deposit volume of consumers. With the development of a compliance team, the Islamic banks in the country are recommended not only to enforce the practice of Standard operation procedure (SOPs ) but also to start a fee-based structure that is endorsed by Sharia principles, and it would also help banks to accumulate VAT collections through fees from customers.

Channel morphological change monitoring using high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEM and multi-temporal imageries

Natural processes and human activities both cause morphological changes in channels. Remote sensing products are often used to assess planform changes, but they tend to overlook vertical changes. However, considering both planform and vertical changes is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of morphological changes. Using spatiotemporal aerial imagery and topographic data, remote sensing plays a vital role in evaluating channel morphological changes and flood-carrying capacity. This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes of a creek in an urban catchment using very high-resolution remote sensing products. In this study, we developed a new framework for investigating overall channel morphology change by employing very high-resolution aerial imagery and a LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM). By digitizing channel boundaries using ArcGIS Pro 3.0, and analyzing various morphological parameters, erosion, and deposition patterns, we examined the impact of urban expansion and infrastructure development on channel adjustments. Channel adjustments have been performed in the case study catchment (Dry Creek, South Australia, Australia) due to urban expansion and development of infrastructure in the downstream reaches. Our findings revealed a significant southwest shift in the planform of the channel, with a maximum shift of 478 m and an average shift of 217 m since 1998. This alteration resulted in an increase in the sinuosity index reaching 1.2. Over the period from 2018 to 2022, the channel experienced a net deposition depth of 3.4 cm to 3.6 cm in downstream reaches. The annual deposition volume in the downstream reaches was 1963 m3, necessitating regular desilting to prevent channel capacity loss and flooding in the surrounding environment. This study also highlights the incremental growth of riparian vegetation within the channel, which affects surface roughness, channel slope, and carrying capacity. These findings provide a valuable baseline for future investigations into stream channel morphology changes and emphasize the importance of implementing appropriate measures such as desilting and vegetation management to mitigate deposition levels, reduce flood risks, and enhance the overall health and functionality of Dry Creek. The framework used in this study can be applied to other case studies employing reliable and high-resolution remote sensing data products.

Integrated Prediction Model for Upstream Reservoir Sedimentation in a Weir: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Numerical and Experimental Approaches

In this study, a new empirical equation was established to predict the sedimentation volume resulting from the construction of a multi-purpose weir or low-head dam using experimental approaches. Applying the 1-D numerical model (STAFF), which is based on Exner’s equation, 2545 cases were simulated and laboratory experiments were conducted with various sediment particle sizes, channel slopes, inlet discharge, and outlet water elevation. Short-term predictions were conducted through laboratory experiments with movable bed, and the results indicated that dimensionless unit stream power and the Shields parameter exhibited the most significant correlation with dimensionless deposition volume. In particular, we analyzed the phenomenon in which the backwater effect and reservoir delta. Using a multiple regression approach, the developed empirical equation was validated for predicting sedimentation in the upstream reservoir of the weir.

Application of ultra-low-volume spray for the control of vegetable disease in greenhouse: Investigation of formulation performance and potential dermal exposure.

The use of pesticides in greenhouse vegetable cultivation is necessary and significant. However, traditional pesticide application methods such as the use of backpack sprayers with water-diluted pesticides have certain drawbacks, e.g., uneven distribution, high labor intensity, and safety risks. In this work, fluazinam ultra-low-volume liquids (Flu-ULVs) were prepared using oily solvents as carriers. The effects of different oils on the physical properties of the preparations were investigated. The Flu-ULV can be sprayed directly using a hand-held ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprayer without dilution with water. Compared with commercial water-based suspension concentrates of fluazinam, the Flu-ULV samples showed better wetting of tomato leaves, better atomization, and more uniform droplet distribution. At a dosage of 300 mL/ha, the coverage rate of tomato leaves ranged from 32.47% to 79.3%, with a droplet deposition density of 556 to 2017 droplets/cm2. Application of Flu-ULVs provided 70.86% control efficacy against gray mold in tomatoes, which was higher than those achieved with reference products. Dermal exposure to Flu-ULVs was also evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The coverage rates for all parts of the operator's body ranged from 0.02% to 0.07%, with deposition volumes of 2.23 to 12.26 μg/cm2. Ground ULV spraying of fluazinam was proved to be an effective and safe management option for the control of tomato gray mold in greenhouses. This study laid a foundation for the use of ultra-low volume spray to control vegetable diseases in greenhouse, especially those induced by high humidity environment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Submarine pyroclastic deposits from 7.3 ka caldera-forming Kikai-Akahoya eruption

Extensive submarine pyroclastic deposits were discovered around the Kikai caldera, Southwest Japan, which originated from the caldera-forming Kikai-Akahoya (K-Ah) eruption that occurred at 7.3 ka. This submarine pyroclastic unit originated from a pyroclastic density current (PDC) that entered the sea and was transformed into a subaqueous density current. Our high-resolution marine seismic reflection surveys reveal that the uppermost unit exhibiting prominent seismic facies thins radially away from the caldera and covers >4500 km2 of the seafloor. The estimated volume of the submarine deposits is >71 km3 based on the isopach map. Seismic sequence stratigraphic analyses and correlation of shard glass compositions from the piston core and remotely operated vehicle samples with those from subaerial outcrops identified the unit as pyroclastic deposits produced by the K-Ah eruption. The geomorphological features of the unit indicate a long runout distance (i.e., 40 km), exponential thinning with increasing distance from the source, and a depression-filling nature of the deposits suggesting that the unit was formed predominantly by a density current that entered the water. The quantitative comparisons of geometric shape and its thinning rate, including that for non-volcanic density currents, indicate that the subaerial PDC entering into the water was transported as a dilute density current in the water. We propose that the formation of these dilute density currents transformed by PDCs probably requires sufficient water depth, as inferred also from previous analog experiments. Adding on-land ignimbrite of 5 km3 and widespread tephra of 249–374 km3, our estimate of submarine pyroclastic deposits of >71 km3 leads to a total bulk volume of the K-Ah eruption of 332–457 km3 (133–183 km3 in DRE), making it probably the largest eruption of the Holocene.

Evaluating the impact of self-service cash deposit machines on the performance of commercial banks in Tanzania

This study aims to evaluate the impact of utilization of self-service cash deposit machines (SSCDMs) on the financial performance of Tanzanian commercial banks, focusing on key parameters like capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning ability, and liquidity. The research, conducted over six years (2017–2022), utilizes a CAMEL analysis and combines secondary data review with primary data collected through interviews. Four commercial banks' audited financial statements serve as the primary data source. The findings indicate a mixed impact of SSCDM utilization on bank performance, with some banks experiencing positive effects on capital adequacy and liquidity ratios, while others show performance fluctuations. Overall, SSCDMs are found to enhance operational efficiency and convenience, attracting more customers and increasing deposit volumes. However, potential liquidity management challenges are noted. This study contributes valuable insights to the evolving Tanzanian banking sector, aiding policymakers and bank management in informed decision-making regarding self-service banking technologies.Graphical abstract

Анализ влияния монетарной и экономической политики на рост ВВП Российской Федерации в 2024–2025 годах

The subject of the study is the influence of monetary and economic policies pursued by the Government of the Russian Federation on ensuring the economic stability of the country. The purpose of the work is to forecast real GDP growth due to the current wage policy, increasing household savings and supporting other demand factors based on correction and regression analysis, which makes it possible to find out between the characteristics under consideration and, if there is one, to calculate the measure of dependence using mathematical tools. To do this, it is proposed at the first stage to create an econometric model linking the growth of consumption and economic growth of the Russian Federation, at the second stage - to create and describe a model that allows us to consider the influence of the average nominal wage, the volume of lending to the population, the volume of savings and the level of inflation on the level of consumption in Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in obtaining current data that allows us to identify the necessary level of the above factors to achieve the economic development planned by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and growth of real GDP. As a result of the study, it was concluded that such a factor as the inflation rate is insignificant for analyzing the current economic situation in Russia. When developing effective measures to achieve the desired level of economic growth, according to the constructed model, the level of average nominal wages and the volume of household deposits are of greater importance. The effectiveness of the use of monetary measures used by the Bank of Russia to stabilize the economy has been confirmed.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FINANCIAL PROCESSES IN JSC «UKRSIBBANK» AND JSC «PRIVATBANK» USING METHODS OF MODELING ECONOMIC DYNAMICS

Objective. The objective of the present article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the stability of financial processes in JSC «Ukrsibbank» and JSC «PrivatBank» using methods of modeling economic dynamics. Methods. The following methods were used to analyze the areas of application of economic dynamics modeling methods to compare the stability of financial processes in JSC «Ukrsibbank» and JSC «PrivatBank»: the basics of the mathematical apparatus for the analysis of transient processes, correlation and autocorrelation analysis, the methodology for determining the coefficients of impulse-transitional and transient functions, methods of constructing differential models, Laplace transformation and obtaining transition functions, the basics of mathematics of imaginary quantities, methods of obtaining amplitude-phase and frequency characteristics of the object under study, methods of stability analysis of controlled dynamic processes. Results. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the stability of financial processes in JSC «Ukrsibbank» and JSC «PrivatBank», it was established that the impulse-transitional and transitional functions for JSC «PrivatBank» have a more pronounced oscillatory character, which indicates a greater level of seasonality and cyclicality of financial processes in this particular bank, in addition, it reaches higher absolute values, which indicates a greater effect of the multiplier of investments for obtaining income of this bank. It is substantiated that since the line of the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristic for both banks does not cover the point (-1;0), this indicates the stability of the studied profit-making processes and their ability to self-leveling in the event of random disturbances and force majeure circumstances. On the basis of the schedule of amplitude-phase-frequency characteristic for PrivatBank JSC, it was determined that for this bank there is a certain limit of minimum values, below which the change of the investigated influential variables (the size of the loan portfolio, the total volume of contributions and deposits of individuals) does not affect the change in net profit. For JSC «Ukrsibbank» there is no such limit at any minimum values of the selected influential variables. The expediency of applying the mathematical apparatus of analysis of transient processes (in particular, construction of a differential model, transfer, impulse transient and transient function) for researching the process of obtaining a bank's net profit depending on the dynamic changes of its other financial indicators is substantiated. By constructing the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristic of the simulated transient process of changes in bank profit, the stability of the studied process was assessed and it was determined to what extent the existing dependence between the dynamic states of the net profit indicator is resistant to external disturbances and force majeure circumstances.

A Method for Riverway Erosion and Deposition Calculation Using Measured Cross-Sections

The calculation of erosion and deposition in riverways plays a pivotal role in river morphology studies, comprehensive river management and flood safety. Some existing methods have certain limitations in terms of accuracy and applicability. To address these challenges, we propose a method for calculating riverway erosion and deposition based on measured cross-sectional terrain data. This method not only enables the calculation of changes in erosion and deposition along the riverway but also provides information on the spatial distribution of these changes. The validity of the proposed calculation method was assessed using measured bathymetric data. The results indicate a relative error of only 5.6% between the calculated and measured values for the total volume of erosion and deposition. A comparison with the results obtained using a cross-section method reveals that, with an average distance between adjacent sections of 1.0 km, the proposed method generally outperforms the cross-section method. The relative error in the total volume of erosion and deposition decreases from 19.2% with the cross-sectional method to 5.6% with our proposed method. When facing the need to calculate changes in riverway erosion and deposition, our approach offers a more accurate and flexible computational method.

Analysis of Machinability on Properties of Inconel 718 Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Products

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a metal deposition technique with a fast rate and the possibility of a high volume of deposition. Because of its fast deposition and high heat input, the manufactured products have poor surface quality. This paper presents a study on the machining of Inconel 718 wall-shaped additive manufacturing (AM) products, a necessary step for the improvement of surface quality. Considering the possibility that the characteristics of the milling processes of AM products might differ from those of traditionally manufactured parts, in this research, two types of Inconel 718 were studied and compared: one was manufactured using WAAM, and the other was an Inconel 718 rolled bar (Aerospace Material Specifications 5662). Using the testing procedure, a conventional two-flute cutting tool was used to assess their machinability. For this process, multiple passes were performed at three different heights of the samples. Considering the peculiarities of the AM products, such as their uneven surfaces, dendritic microstructures, and anisotropy, the results were analyzed. After the machining operation, the effects on the products were also studied by analyzing their surface quality. This study found a higher stability in the cutting process for the AMS 5662 samples relative to the WAAM parts with less variability in the cutting forces overall, resulting in better surface quality.

Enhancing the single-track deposition quality of AISI 308L wire arc additive manufacturing via process optimization and cold forging treatment

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been established as a promising additive manufacturing technique for fabricating and repairing medium-to-large scale metallic engineering parts. However, achieving an excellent geometrical accuracy and high mechanical properties close to the parent metal require an optimal setting of parameters for every material system and, sometimes, post-processing treatment. In this work, WAAM of 308L stainless steel was performed, using gas metal arc welding as the heat source, at varying values of wire feed rate (WFR) and traverse speed (TS) to investigate its effects on the geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited track. Thereafter, post-cold forging treatment was performed on the track deposited at the optimum parametric setting. The track width and height decreased with increasing TS due to reduction in the wire deposition volume per unit length of track. The track height increased as the WFR increased from 61.67 to 95 mm/s, after which the process became unstable, leading to a decline in height. The microstructure of the deposited track mainly comprised δ-ferrite and austenite phases while the hardness of the track deposits (ranging between 124–172 HV) was largely influenced by the presence of carbide precipitates and equiaxed grains size which reduced as the TS and WFR increased. The post-cold forging treatment resulted in strain hardening, which resulted in significant improvement in the track hardness (up to 219 HV) but a fall in its impact strength due to loss of ductility.

Determinants of financial well-being of the population of Tyumen oblast

The high differentiation of living standards within the boundaries of a complex subject of the Russian Federation actualizes the problems of studying the determinants of financial well-being of the population. The article analyzes four groups of data for Tyumen oblast with autonomous districts that are part of it for the period of 2013–2021, including: average per capita cash income of the population; structural indicators of the balance of monetary income and expenses of the population; volume of deposits and other funds of individuals (excluding escrow accounts); amount of debt on loans provided to resident individuals. We used methods of matching, plotting scattering diagrams, identifying trends. As a result, a number of the following determinants of financial well-being were identified. Among the population of autonomous districts prevails the desire to accumulate savings in the form of cash (by 2021 the amount reached 393 billion rubles). Persistent shortage of cash savings in the South of Tyumen oblast (– 164 billion rubles) is covered by a surplus formed in the districts. In all three RF subjects there is a significant decrease in the ratio of the volume of deposits of the population and the volume of debt on loans, which corresponds to the all-Russian trend. The well-being of the population of the South Tyumen oblast should be considered with the account of the effect of indicative consumption due to the inevitable differentiation in the income of visitors and local population, as well as differences in behavioral models, which consist in a higher degree of wastefulness among visitors. Additionally, the possibility of using the obtained results in the framework of mathematical and neural network modeling of the process of dynamics in the well-being of the Tyumen blast population is considered.

Estimation of critical thickness of wax deposits during mechanical removal from high water cut oil well

The formation of wax deposits in oil wells is one of the most costly problems for oil production companies. The most common method of removing deposits is mechanical removal with a scraper. However, there is still no understanding of the critical conditions for wax removal. As part of this work, the authors consider the process of mechanical removal of wax from a high water cut oil well. The work carried out studies to assess the influence of the aqueous phase on the intensity of wax formation and simulated the thickness of wax deposits during the period of their removal under field conditions. It was found that the aqueous phase is actively included in the volume of deposits, increasing the rate of wax formation and their density. Based on the modeling, it was concluded that in wells with a low inclination, the critical thickness of wax deposits is 0.18 mm. The effect of water cut in production on the critical wax thickness has not been found, while with increasing well flow rate the critical thickness decreases. The work performed is extremely useful for understanding the process of mechanical removal of wax deposits from oil production wells producing water-cut oil.

Mechanical Analysis of Sand Ripples Deposits in the Lower Basin of Wadi Tilal "Geomorphological study"

The current study is set to determine the volumes of sand ripple deposits in the lower basin of Wadi Tilal in micro depositional environments by mechanical analysis. To do so, the present study analyzed samples of sediment in the laboratory using an electric sieve and the dry sieving method. The results were then calculated in the Phi unit to be processed using the Fraction V.3 program combined with the Folk & Ward equations in order to find out an estimation of the volume coefficients, and categories of statistical coefficients for the volumes of sediment sand. The study’s main findings was that the medium-sized sand category (1-2ø) constitutes about 44.75% of the weight of the ripple sand samples, and that the average sand size is about (1.698ø) and it falls within the medium-sized sand category. Moreover, the average value of the sorting coefficient was (0.873ø), which falls within the medium sorting category. In addition, most of the distribution curves fell within the high positive skewness category with an average of (0.336ø), and the value of the flattening coefficient was (1.265ø). The shape of the distribution curve falls within the category of flattened and sharpen end.

Association between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensities

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter injury had been mostly considered a result of chronic ischemia caused by cerebral small vessel disease. However, recent studies reported that white matter degeneration could also be an important pathophysiological feature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to identify the relationship between AD biomarkers, particularly amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) representing cerebral white matter injury.MethodA total 456 older adults aging from 55 to 90 years including cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE) cohort. The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B PET for measuring Aβ deposition, [18F] AV‐1451 PET for measuring tau deposition, and MRI scans with fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image for measuring WMH volume. For PET scans, standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) was used for the analyses; combined regions of hemispheric white matter, inferior cerebellum and pons were used as the reference region when obtaining SUVRs. The relationships between Aβ or tau deposition and WMH volume were examined using multiple regression analysis. In this analysis, baseline Aβ or tau were used as independent variables, and baseline as well as change of WMH volume over 2 years were used as dependent variables.ResultBaseline Aβ deposition levels had significant positive association with longitudinal change of WMH volume over 2 years (β = 0.238, p = 0.009), but not with WMH volume at baseline. Baseline tau was not related with any of WMH volume at baseline and longitudinal change of WMH volume over 2 years. We also found significant interaction effect between baseline Aβ deposition level and sex on longitudinal change of WMH volume. Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that high baseline Aβ deposition was associated with increase of WMH volume over 2 years in female (β = 0.427, p = 0.001), but not in male.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Aβ deposition, but not tau, accelerates cerebral white matter injury, particularly in female.