Deployment Of Renewable Energy Technologies Research Articles

Exploring synergistic and individual causal effects of rare earth elements and renewable energy on multidimensional economic complexity for sustainable economic development

The ongoing global energy transition has highlighted the instrumental role of rare earth elements (REEs) in achieving green growth through the deployment of renewable energy technologies, establishing a hypothetical progressive synergistic association between them. Therefore, testing this hypothetical synergy and its potential causal effects on economic and technological proxies based on empirical foundations becomes imperative in addressing rampant climatic change. First, we employed Deep Learning algorithms to explore the combined effects of this synergy on Multidimensional Economic Complexity (MEC) as an index using panel data of the largest producers of REEs from 1990 to 2023. Second, Temporal Causal Modelling (TCM) was employed to unveil the directional causality between REEs and renewable energy, as well as their causal roles in driving economic complexities. The deep learning models accurately predicted the positive role of this synergistic relationship in promoting overall MEC. Then, the results of TCM reveal that REE production increases renewable energy use and reduces CO2 emissions. Renewable energy promotes Research and Technology complexities while REE production affects them indirectly through renewables. It implies that harnessing this synergy to enhance economic complexities can, in turn, bolster green economic and technological development while mitigating CO2 emissions and addressing pervasive climate change.

Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method

The deployment of solar and wind energy technologies has witnessed remarkable growth globally. Solar wind energy requires careful grid management and the development of energy storage technologies to ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply. The selection policy for solar and wind energy is crucial to promoting the efficient and effective deployment of renewable energy technologies. This study provides an overview of the critical considerations and criteria for the selection policy for solar and wind energy projects. It emphasizes the importance of site suitability, resource assessment, technological feasibility, economic viability, environmental impact, community engagement, and regulatory compliance. By implementing a robust selection policy, policymakers and stakeholders can ensure the successful implementation of solar and wind energy projects that contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This study builds a framework with three stages. In the first stage, we make the decision matrix between criteria and alternatives by the experts and decision makers. In the second stage, we compute the criteria weights by the average method. In the final stage, we used the Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method to rank the alternatives. We used 10 criteria, and 15 policies to select the policies in solar wind energy. The results concluded that the proposed method could provide a new method to rank alternatives and select the best policy in solar wind energy. Moreover, the proposed method can introduce simpler and more flexible methods.

A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Policies and its Impact on Economic Growth: A Review

Renewable energy has been identified as a critical component of global efforts to address climate change, enhance energy security, and foster sustainable economic growth. As a result, many countries have implemented renewable energy policies to promote the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies. However, the impact of these policies on economic growth remains a subject of debate. This article provides a comparative analysis of renewable energy policies and their impact on economic growth. The study employs a systematic review of the literature and utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to compare renewable energy policies and their economic impacts across different countries. The findings suggest that the impact of renewable energy policies on economic growth varies across countries and is influenced by factors such as policy design, institutional context, and economic structure. This research article finally, examined the challenges associated with implementing renewable energy policies, analyzed the implications of the findings for policymakers and further gave some potential solutions that will help the policymakers and future researchers.

Long-Term Forecasting Framework for Renewable Energy Technologies’ Installed Capacity and Costs for 2050

Published forecasts underestimate renewable energy capacity growth and potential cost reductions, creating uncertainty around investment decisions and slowing progress. Scenario-based projections diverge widely, driven by variations in modelling techniques and underlying assumptions, with policy-based models typically being overly conservative. With historical generation capacity and cost data readily available, this research demonstrates that data-driven approaches can be leveraged to improve long-term capacity and cost forecasts of solar, wind, and battery storage technologies. Unlike exponential growth models prevailing over shorter time scales, logistic curves requiring asymptotic limits, or machine learning algorithms dependent on extensive datasets, this analysis demonstrates that temporal quadratic regressions are a better starting point to represent capacity growth trends over two to three decades. When coupled with published learning rates, trend-based capacity forecasts provided tighter and lower capital and levelized cost of energy outlooks than most reviewed scenarios, with photovoltaics global average levelized cost of energy reducing from 0.057/kWh to below USD 0.03/kWh by 2030 and below USD 0.02/kWh by 2040. Greater transparency on manufacturing ecosystems is proposed so that more advanced analytical techniques can be utilized. This analysis indicates that without direct interventions to accelerate the growth in wind power generation, global renewable energy technology deployment will fall short of the generation capacities required to meet climate change objectives.

A panel data method towards the effectiveness of sources of finance in stimulating the realisation of renewable energy technologies: Empirical evidence for Asia‐Pacific

AbstractMany nations have taken steps to encourage renewables through environmental policy frameworks; however, they still account for a small portion of global power output. This fact suggests that there are still some gaps between the potential advantages of renewables and their implementation, and these gaps must be investigated. Thus, the present study examines the effect of finance for the expansion of renewable energy technologies (RETs) by empirically assessing the sources of finance in facilitating the expansion of RETs on four renewable energy sectors; hydroelectric, biomass, solar photovoltaic and wind. This study applies a fixed effects estimator with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors on private and public sources of finance (financial market, banking sector and public debt) in selected Asia‐Pacific countries between 1998 and 2016. This study has shown that not all sources of finance have the same effect on the clean‐energy sector. The financial market plays a critical role in supplying financial capital for risky and uncertain technologies that require a high degree of financing, which could be particularly helpful for technology deployment in high‐tech industries. Investigations into the effectiveness of source of finance for RETs also indicate that banks discourage their deployment of RETs in the Asia‐Pacific.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in the electricity sector: Implications of increasing renewable energy penetration in Ghana's electricity generation mix

The development and deployment of renewable energy technologies into the national electricity generation mix have high potential in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the sector, which contributes to about 40% of GHG emissions globally. Ghana through the Nationally Determined Contributions has pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 15% unconditionally, especially in the electricity sector which is one of the major contributors of GHG in the country. The study explores how the impact of increasing renewable energy penetration in the electricity generation mix will have on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction from the sector. Four electricity supply scenarios were developed in the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) using existing renewable energy targets identified in Ghana's Renewable Energy Master Plan. These, including, the Business as Usual (BAU), 10%, 20% and 30% renewable energy penetration scenarios were modelled to assess GHG emissions reduction up till 2030 by replacing the thermal generation sources in the electricity generation mix with equivalent amounts of renewable energy sources. Electricity demand projections for the various consumption sectors including residential, non-residential, special load as well as street lighting were made from 2016 to 2030 based on historical data. The model projected the demand for electricity to rise from 10,129.0 GWh in 2016 to 24,151.4 GWh in 2030. The cumulative demand of 237,570.5 GWh was met in all four scenarios with a total installed generation capacity of 3,794.6 MW. GHG emissions for the BAU scenario rose cumulatively to 52,545.2 thousand MtCO2eq in 2030 but reduced to 46,178.3 thousand MtCO2eq, 41,603.2 thousand MtCO2eq and 38,332.6 thousand MtCO2eq in the 10%, 20%, and 30% renewable energy penetration scenarios respectively. The result indicates that renewable energy deployment could lead to the attainment of GHG emission reduction substantially leading to minimising effects on climate change.

Renewable energy policy and deployment of renewable energy technologies: The role of resource curse.

Due to the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, the development of renewable energy has become very important. The availability of fossil fuels and the low cost of their extraction compared to renewable energy projects reduce the motivation of countries, especially countries that have abundant natural resources, to develop this technology. Renewable energy deployment has become crucial in response to rising greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Policies supporting renewable energy play a significant role in this. This study examines the effect of such policies on the deployment of renewable energy technologies, considering the role of natural resources. Two groups of countries were analysed: 20 oil developed countries and 20 oil developing countries. Given the availability of data and the achievement of balanced panels to evaluate short-term and long-term relationships between variables, in current research Data from 2010 to 2020 was used, and various panel data estimators such as Feasible Generalized Least Squares and Generalized Method of Moments were employed. The Quantile estimator was also used to assess the accuracy of the results. The findings suggest that renewable energy policies consistently lead to increased deployment of renewable energy technologies, regardless of a country's group. Of course, this positive effect is different according to the level of development in countries. Due to the higher efficiency of renewable energy policy, developed oil countries have more capacity to support renewable energy projects than oil developing countries. The abundance of natural resources in oil developed countries did not negatively impact renewable energy capacity, but in oil developing countries, the "resource curse" hindered the development of installed renewable energy.

Peace Engineering in Practice: China’s Energy Diplomacy Strategy and Its Global Implications

As the world’s largest energy importer, consumer and with the second-largest economy, China is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Massive energy imports make China a major stakeholder in the world energy trade, with significant implications and repercussions on the global economy. The desire to be energy independent and the environmental impact of fossil fuels is prompting China to diversify its energy supply, adapt its domestic energy infrastructure, and deploy renewable energy technologies on an unprecedented scale. Intending to position itself internationally, China has developed an energy diplomacy strategy while formulating international relations policies. In particular, the government emphasizes sustainable development through the large-scale deployment of renewable energy technologies, which will help build Western China while simultaneously reducing pollution across the country, elevating China to a position of global leadership in the energy sector. Intellectual property and technological capabilities developed in China can be exported worldwide, including in the regions where the population has limited or no access to energy. In addition, this strategy will have worldwide implications as it will directly or indirectly help achieve several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including clean energy, education, eradicating poverty, climate action and sustainable cities and communities. On this basis, we anticipate that China’s energy policies may have long-lasting prospects for global peace, thus constituting an interesting and relevant case study for the emerging concept of “peace engineering.”

The Turn to Safeguard Measures in the Solar Trade War

The growing energy security and climate change concerns have created a huge demand and global market for renewable energy technologies such as solar panels. The race to capture a share of this lucrative global market and other political economy considerations have inspired a trade war. Much of this war has been fought with and against green industrial policy measures such as subsidies tied to local content requirements (LCRs) and trade remedy instruments such as antidumping and countervailing duties. Safeguard measures are the latest additions to the armoury of trade defence measures in this burgeoning trade war. This article examines the dynamics behind and the implications of the turn to renewable energy safeguards for the global effort to accelerate the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies in light of the recent World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel report on US – Safeguard Measure on PV Products. The article makes three interrelated arguments. First, the WTO jurisprudence on renewable energy support measures and rapidly evolving global value chains in renewable energy technologies helped spur the turn to safeguard measures (SGMs). Second, the seal of approval from the Panel will drive interest in the use of renewable energy safeguards. Third, the increased and unfettered use of safeguard measures is detrimental to the transition towards sustainable energy sources. Safeguards, Solar Panels: Renewable Energy, Trade War, DS562, Trade and Environment

Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Promoting Renewable Energy

As the effects of climate change become more severe, environmental sustainability has become an urgent problem in public administration. The purpose of this research is to examine the approaches taken by governmental agencies to lessen their carbon footprints and boost renewable energy sources. The methodology incorporates a survey of relevant literature, an examination of relevant policies and laws, and a comparison of various national approaches. The findings demonstrate that carbon pricing and emissions trading systems are useful instruments for encouraging reductions in emissions, though their applicability may be constrained in some settings. Investment and deployment of renewable energy technologies can be prompted by goals for increased use of such sources, as well as by financial incentives and regulatory support. Investment in distributed renewable energy systems is encouraged by feed-in tariffs and net metering, but these policies may have unintended effects. There is a great deal of diversity in the policies and strategies employed by various nations, but there are also many similarities and shared experiences that can be used to create more effective policies. The research highlights the importance of public management in developing and implementing policies and strategies to combat climate change. The results are instructive for academics, policymakers, and practitioners in their pursuit of better methods of lowering carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy.

A decision support system to assess the feasibility of onshore renewable energy infrastructure

This article introduces a new web-based decision support system created for early-stage feasibility assessments of renewable energy technologies in England, UK. The article includes a review of energy policy and regulation in England and a critical evaluation of literature on similar decision support systems. Overall, it shows a novel solution for a repeatable, scalable digital evidence base for the policy compliant deployment of renewable energy technologies.Data4Sustain is a spatial decision support system developed to quickly identify the feasibility of seven renewable energy technologies across large areas including wind, solar, hydro, shallow and geothermal. A multi-actor approach was used to identify the key factors that influence the technical feasibility of these technologies to generate electricity or heat for local consumption or regional distribution. The research demonstrates opportunities to improve the links between policy and regulation with deployment of renewable energy technologies using novel approaches to digital planning.Deployed, resilient, cost-effective and societally accepted renewable energy generation infrastructure has a role to play in ensuring universal access to affordable, reliableand modern energy supply. This is central to supporting a concerted transition to a low-carbon future in order to address climate change. The selection and siting of renewable energy technology is driven by natural resource availability and physical and regulatory constraints. These factors inform early-stage feasibility of renewables, helping to focus investment of time and money. Understanding their relative importance and identifying the most suitable technologies is a highly complex task due to the disparate and often unconnected sources of data and information needed. Data4Sustain help to overcome these challenges.

AI applications in smart cities’ energy systems automation

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in energy systems transformations in smart cities. Climate change and environmental sustainability imposed utilities to shift toward renewable energy resources and technologies applications in recent decades. Renewable energy technology deployment is associated with high initial investment and integration with the existing supply and demand systems. Operation stability has been challenging to integrate renewable energy with the customary old systems. On the other hand, renewable energy ensures sustainable energy and future development with minimum loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, AI is the primary mover of power systems modernization with high accuracy of management and control. This study tried to evaluate the efficiency and performance of AI in the renewable energy sector, focusing on the European Union as the case study. This study analyzes the first renewable energy processes in the chain and energy from gross to final consumption. Afterward economic consequences of renewable energy using natural resources (solar, wind, etc.) in smart cities are discussed. Finally, the efficiency of AI in renewable energy is examined, followed by future work.

Climate Finance Effectiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Geothermal Development in Indonesia and the Philippines.

In light of commitments made under the UNFCCC Paris Agreement and Glasgow Climate Pact, trillions of dollars are needed to fund climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of climate finance or how it impacts barriers to renewable energy development in recipient countries. This article contributes to the literature by investigating climate finance effectiveness through comparative case study analysis of its impacts on geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines. The article finds that three mechanisms of climate finance—utility modifier, social learning and capacity building—work interdependently in impacting the financial, regulatory, and technical barriers to geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines but are individually insufficient to scale the industry; political will and energy shocks play a significant intervening role. This paper raises policy implications for climate finance effectiveness and renewable energy technology deployment in developing countries.

A review of graphene derivative enhancers for perovskite solar cells.

Due to the finite nature, health and environmental hazards currently associated with the use of fossil energy resources, there is a global drive to hasten the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies. One such area encompasses perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that have shown photoconversion efficiencies (PCE) comparable to silicon-based photovoltaics, but their commercialisation has been set back by short-term stability and toxicity issues, among others. A tremendous potential to overcome these drawbacks is presented by the emerging applications of graphene derivative-based materials in PSCs as substitutes or components, composites with other functional materials, and enhancers of charge transport, blocking action, exciton dissociation, substrate coverage, sensitisation and stabilisation. This review aims to illustrate how these highly capable carbon-based materials can advance PSCs by critically outlining and discussing their current applications and strategically identifying prospective research avenues. The reviewed works show that graphene derivatives have great potential in boosting the performance and stability of PSCs through morphological modifications and compositional engineering. This can drive the sustainability and commercial viability aspects of PSCs.

Barriers facing the transition toward sustainable energy system in Kuwait

From the highest political ruling institute through the Amir of the State of Kuwait, the country announced its keenness to meet 15% of the local energy demand from renewable sources by 2030. Since the announcement in 2012, there has not been an effective assignment toward the goal. Up to date, the country's annual total energy generation from renewable technology systems is less than 1%. Furthermore, current indications imply that Kuwait will not reach the renewable energy target by 2030.This paper models the current system structure in pursuing the transition toward energy sustainability in Kuwait, focusing on renewable energy. The model development method is carried out by utilizing data and information on the performance and trends of Kuwait's energy system and related implications. Moreover, it incorporates efforts that local institutions have taken toward the development of a sustainable energy system. The model is based on a “push-pull” concept that identifies the main gaps in the current system and the barriers facing the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The development system lacks enablers involving legal and regulatory frameworks, supporting infrastructure, proper financing policies, and above all, a political will that fosters these enablers. Evidence suggests that renewable energy and clean technologies do not have sufficient potential impact on the country's economy and, therefore, they are trivial to the country's political system. Policy acts are suggested to imbed renewable and clean technologies within the country's economy to gain political popularity. Consequent implications may lead to profitable investments and social benefits, mitigating negative geopolitical impacts on the country's energy security.

The role of Rare Earth Elements in the deployment of wind energy in Colombia

The deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy and ultimately in the fight against global warming. However, this transition could face important problems because most of those technologies rely on the steady supply of critical minerals. Colombia, thanks to its hydrological resources, has relied on the hydro­power for electricity generation. However, the government has implemented measures to back-up the energy system in draught periods and, consequently, fossil fuels-based plants have increased the market share and with these, CO2 emissions. This study assesses the mineral demand in Colombia in the period 2020-2050 for the rare earth elements embedded in the deployment of wind power technologies in four different climate policy scenarios in order to establish whether they could face geological bott­lenecks that could ultimately hamper the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Gigawatts (GW) of future capacity additions in the energy system are converted into tons of metal using published metal intensities of use and assumptions of Colombia’s technological pathway. Then, the cumulated mineral demand is compared against current mining production rates and geological reserves to establish geological bottlenecks. The results show that the reserves will not pose any threat to its transition. However, when compared to current mining rates, the mineral demand in 2050 could pose a problem for the supply of minerals. Finally, this study gives some policy recommendations that could be used to mitigate these issues, such as substitution, improved circular economy and sound technological choices.

The Potential of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Mexico: A Temporally Evaluated and Geospatially Constrained Techno-Economical Assessment

Due to the increasing global importance of decarbonizing human activities, especially the production of electricity, the optimal deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in future energy systems. To accomplish this, particular attention must be accorded to the geospatial and temporal distribution of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as wind and solar radiation, in order to match electricity supply and demand. This study presents a techno-economical assessment of four energy technologies in the hypothetical context of Mexico in 2050, namely: onshore and offshore wind turbines and open-field and rooftop photovoltaics. A land eligibility analysis incorporating physical, environmental, and sociopolitical eligibility constraints and individual turbine and photovoltaic park simulations, drawing on 39 years of climate data, is performed for individual sites across the country in an effort to determine the installable potential and the associated levelized costs of electricity. The results reveal that up to 54 PWh of renewable electricity can be produced at a levelized cost of electricity of less than 70 EUR·MWh−1. Around 91% (49 PWh) of this electricity would originate from 23 TW of open-field photovoltaic parks that could occupy up to 578,000 km2 of eligible land across the country. The remaining 9% (4.8 PWh) could be produced by 1.9 TW of onshore wind installations allocated to approximately 68,500 km2 of eligible land that is almost fully adjacent to three mountainous zones. The combination of rooftop photovoltaic and offshore wind turbines accounts for a very small share of less than 0.03% of the overall techno-economical potential.

Determinants of Renewable Energy Production: Do Intellectual Property Rights Matter?

Climate change and finite energy supply issues have received substantial public attention in recent times. It has been argued that a sustainable energy supply associated with the promotion of clean energy is an important engine of growth, which calls for sound protection to reinforce investments in the renewable energy market. This paper examined the effect of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on renewable energy production using the dynamic panel generalised method of moments (GMM) technique on data from 59 sample countries. The empirical results provided strong evidence that IPRs significantly drive renewable energy production. Greater protection rights motivate renewable energy firms to increase energy production from renewable resources. Our findings further revealed that stronger protection propagates the deployment of renewable energy technologies that ultimately promote renewable energy production.

A Number of Policy Recommendations to Promote Legal Safeguards for Renewable Energy for Private Investment in Liberia

The development and implementation of renewable energy policies and regulations in Liberia are cardinal to develop the nascent electricity sector. Liberia had developed some of the priority policy and regulatory instruments in the electricity sector; however, supportive policies and regulations to minimize investment risks and create an enabling environment for all actors are indispensable to attain universal energy access. The research aims to provide policy and regulatory recommendations that will increase private sector participation in the electricity sector of Liberia through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The recommendations examined a comprehensive review and analysis of the energy legislation in Liberia, renewable energy policies in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and data on renewable energy policies from countries in West Africa. It was explicit from the literature review that Liberia does not have policies and regulations for renewable power generation, transmission, and distribution, which are imperative for private sector participation. The establishment of the new renewable energy law and supportive policies such as policy and regulation on tariff setting, fiscal policy, financial policy, administrative and legal provisions, and technical standards are the recommendations of this research paper.

Evaluating and improving technologies for energy storage and backup power

Evaluating and improving technologies for energy storage and backup power