Evaluating and improving technologies for energy storage and backup power

Techno-economic analysis of long-duration energy storage and flexible power generation technologies to support high-variable renewable energy grids

The Value of Inter-Regional Coordination and Transmission in Decarbonizing the US Electricity System

Quantifying the challenge of reaching a 100% renewable energy power system for the United States

Addressing the Stability of Lead Halide Perovskites

Electric-thermal energy storage using solid particles as storage media

Due to the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, the development of renewable energy has become very important. The availability of fossil fuels and the low cost of their extraction compared to renewable energy projects reduce the motivation of countries, especially countries that have abundant natural resources, to develop this technology. Renewable energy deployment has become crucial in response to rising greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Policies supporting renewable energy play a significant role in this. This study examines the effect of such policies on the deployment of renewable energy technologies, considering the role of natural resources. Two groups of countries were analysed: 20 oil developed countries and 20 oil developing countries. Given the availability of data and the achievement of balanced panels to evaluate short-term and long-term relationships between variables, in current research Data from 2010 to 2020 was used, and various panel data estimators such as Feasible Generalized Least Squares and Generalized Method of Moments were employed. The Quantile estimator was also used to assess the accuracy of the results. The findings suggest that renewable energy policies consistently lead to increased deployment of renewable energy technologies, regardless of a country's group. Of course, this positive effect is different according to the level of development in countries. Due to the higher efficiency of renewable energy policy, developed oil countries have more capacity to support renewable energy projects than oil developing countries. The abundance of natural resources in oil developed countries did not negatively impact renewable energy capacity, but in oil developing countries, the "resource curse" hindered the development of installed renewable energy.

Harnessing Interfacial Electron Transfer in Redox Flow Batteries

Local market conditions should be taken into account for successful technology deployment. The organisational framework should favour the consolidation of technology transfer through the establishment of appropriate mechanisms for capacity retention and private-sector involvement (i.e. public–private partnerships with independent power producers, renewable energy service companies, etc.). Ultimately, local capacity for maintaining and operating the technologies to be transferred is key. Every country or region has different priorities and reasons for desiring an increased deployment of renewable energy technologies: the EU has a focus on climate change mitigation, the US has a focus on energy security, and sub-Saharan African countries generally have the objective of energy access. Small Island Developing States in the Pacific have a clear focus on energy security at the regional level, while many of them also have an unfinished agenda for energy access. Technology transfer and cooperation efforts in the region must address the barriers to the deployment of renewable energy technologies to ensure long-lasting provision of energy access and durable improvement of energy security. Pacific energy ministers endorsed the Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP) and its associated implementation plan (IPESP) in April 2011. At the global level, the UN General Assembly has declared 2012 the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. This paper analyses the requirements for renewable energy technologies in Pacific Island Countries and Territories, the role of such technologies in the context of the FAESP and IPESP and their possible contribution to increased energy access, and identifies the main barriers to their deployment. Once common barriers have been identified, specific actions to address them will be highlighted in a framework setting out guidelines for policy development and identifying technology transfer needs, barriers to successful technology deployment and funding opportunities.

In the attempt to tackle the issue of climate change, governments across the world have agreed to set global carbon reduction targets. [...]

The full decarbonization of electric grids, as planned by the European Union and other Administrations for 2050, calls for energy storage (ES) systems capable of discharging at full power over periods longer than 4-5 hours, which is the typical duration of internal storage batteries such as Li-ion and Sa-X. Such long discharge periods are already in the capability of some energy storage technologies, notably pumped-hydro (PH) ES, which was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century and today accounts worldwide for 165 GW of power capacity and 1.6 TWh of energy storage, corresponding to 96% and 99% of the global storage figures, respectively. However, a major increase in ES demand is expected in the coming decades heading to 1.25 TW and 5 TWh by 2050, which cannot be covered by PH, due to geomorphological, environmental, and technical constraints. While conventional batteries (e.g. Li-ion, Na-ion) will continue to expand to face the growing demand for fast energy storage, the increasing request for Long Duration Energy Storage will rely on other technologies and Flow Batteries are emerging as strong candidates for taking over an important share.They are presently investigated and developed in over 50 different chemistries which range from low-medium to high Technological Readiness Level (TRL). The former include still technologically immature systems typically studied at laboratory level in small single cells (1–101 W) for characterizing materials, not systems. Research is focused on some chemistries based on non-critical materials, among which: Copper-Copper, Polysulfide-Bromine, Iron-Chromium, Zinc-Cerium, Organic compounds: Quinone, Viologen, TEMPO, Polymers of various nature, and Lithium-ion flow and some larger pilot systems have been made (102 kW) but related data is often classified or not accessible. The high TRL types are often already produced and marketed, even in very large sizes (10 kW–102 MW and 10 kWh–102 MWh) using chemistries such as: Vanadium-Vanadium, Zinc-Bromine, Iron-Iron, Hydrogen-Bromine. Although the all-vanadium type exhibits the best performance, it raises geopolitical issues due to the strong localization of ore reserves which make this metal a critical raw material (CRM), e.g. in the European Union. In this scenario the research on some iron-complex-based FBs is taking momentum due to wide accessibly and low cost of the metal, despite performance still call for major improvements. Techno-economic analyses and forecasts using tools such as the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) and the net present value (NPV) can provide important insight in addressing strategically the developing research. References EASE, Energy Storage - Targets 2030 and 2050, EASE Report, Reports and Studies, June 2022.Jeremy Twitchell, Kyle DeSomber, and Dhruv Bhatnagar. Defining long duration energy storage. J. Energy Storage, 60 (2023):105787.McKinsey & Company, Net-zero power – Long duration energy storage for a renewable grid, McKinsey & Company Report, November 2022.Böhmer, C. Fenske, C. Lorenz, M. Westbroek. Long-duration energy storage - Regulatory environment and business models in Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and Great Britain. Report created for SPRIND GmbH, Aurora Energy, June 2023Search.J. Guerra, J. Zhang, J. Eichman, P. Denholm, J. Kurtz, B.-M. Hodge, The value of seasonal energy storage technologies for the integration of wind and solar power, Energy Environ. Sci., 13 (7), (2020), 1909–1922. DOI: 10.1039/d0ee00771d.A. Hunter, M.M. Penev, E.P. Reznicek, J. Eichman, N. Rustagi, S.F. Baldwin, Techno-economic analysis of long-duration energy storage and flexible power generation technologies to support high-variable renewable energy grids, Joule, 5 (2021) 2077–2101. Doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2021.06.018.A. Dowling, K.Z. Rinaldi, T.H. Ruggles, S.J. Davis, M. Yuan, F. Tong, N.S. Lewis, K. Caldeira, Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage, in Variable Renewable Electricity Systems, Joule, 4 (2020), 1907–1928.Albertus, J.S. Manser, S. Litzelman, Long-Duration Electricity Storage Applications, Economics, and Technologies Joule, 4 (1), (2020), 21 - 32, DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.11.009.Sanchez-Diez, E. Ventosa, M. Guarnieri, A. Trovò, C. Flox, R. Marcilla, F. Soavi, P. Mazur, E. Aranzabe, R. Ferret, “Redox flow batteries: status and perspective towards sustainable stationary energy storage”, J. Power Sources, 481, (2021) 228804. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228804.Poli, C. Bonaldo, M. Moretto, M. Guarnieri. Techno-economic assessment of industrial Vanadium Flow Batteries based on experimental data, Appl. Energy, 362 (2024) 122954. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122954.A. Kurilovich, A. Trovò, M. Pugach, K.J. Stevenson, M. Guarnieri, “Prospect of modeling industrial scale flow batteries – From experimental data to accurate overpotential identification,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 167 (2022) 112559. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112559.

Thermochemical batteries using metal carbonates: A review of heat storage and extraction

Deployment of renewable energy technologies in Bangladesh: Long-term policy implications in power sector

Given global efforts to promote sustainable energy transitions, this study investigates how the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RETs) relates to multidimensional societal welfare and provides empirical evidence on these linkages in Lithuania. The purpose of the study is to provide an integrated, Lithuania-specific assessment of how economic, social, and environmental determinants associated with RET deployment are related to multiple dimensions of societal welfare. Drawing on scientific literature, an integrated indicator framework is developed that links the economic, social, and environmental determinants of renewable energy technology (RET) deployment to six societal welfare dimensions, as defined by the Lithuanian Quality of Life Index. Using official Lithuanian statistics for 2020–2024, a standardized panel dataset is constructed and Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression are applied using aggregated determinant categories, with model assumptions verified using the Breusch–Pagan and Durbin–Watson tests. Correlation results show very strong positive links between RET intensity indicators and key economic welfare measures (for example, wages, GDP per capita, foreign direct investment, disposable income), with absolute correlation coefficients typically between 0.90 and 0.99 (p < 0.05), and strong negative correlations between air-pollution indicators and GDP, income, FDI, and education (correlation coefficients between −0.96 and −0.90; p < 0.05). The results indicate that RET-related economic determinants have a statistically significant positive effect on the societal welfare dimensions of material living conditions; entrepreneurship/business competitiveness; and public infrastructure, living-environment quality/safety. Social factors also significantly support the societal welfare dimensions of entrepreneurship/business competitiveness and public infrastructure, living-environment quality/safety. In the retained regression models, explanatory power is very high (R2 between 0.91 and 0.999), with positive and statistically significant coefficients for the economic determinant (regression coefficients between 0.43 and 0.96; p < 0.05) and negative, statistically significant coefficients for the environmental determinant in the entrepreneurship and public-infrastructure dimensions (regression coefficients between −1.13 and −1.51; p < 0.05). Environmental determinants are associated with lower air pollution but show negative effects on the societal welfare dimensions of entrepreneurship/business competitiveness and public infrastructure, living-environment quality/safety. Overall, the findings suggest that RET deployment is an important correlate of the economic aspects of societal welfare, while environmental and social dimensions display more complex, domain-specific impacts.

The deployment of solar and wind energy technologies has witnessed remarkable growth globally. Solar wind energy requires careful grid management and the development of energy storage technologies to ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply. The selection policy for solar and wind energy is crucial to promoting the efficient and effective deployment of renewable energy technologies. This study provides an overview of the critical considerations and criteria for the selection policy for solar and wind energy projects. It emphasizes the importance of site suitability, resource assessment, technological feasibility, economic viability, environmental impact, community engagement, and regulatory compliance. By implementing a robust selection policy, policymakers and stakeholders can ensure the successful implementation of solar and wind energy projects that contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This study builds a framework with three stages. In the first stage, we make the decision matrix between criteria and alternatives by the experts and decision makers. In the second stage, we compute the criteria weights by the average method. In the final stage, we used the Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method to rank the alternatives. We used 10 criteria, and 15 policies to select the policies in solar wind energy. The results concluded that the proposed method could provide a new method to rank alternatives and select the best policy in solar wind energy. Moreover, the proposed method can introduce simpler and more flexible methods.

The politics of South African renewable energy support