Dependent Relationship Research Articles

Understandings of Social Innovation within the Danish Public Sector: A Literature Review

Social innovation is an emerging theme within innovation theory, and so is the concept of public service innovation networks for social innovation (PSINSIs). The purpose of this article is to explore how social innovation in Danish public services is conceptualised and enacted through the lenses of public service innovation networks for social innovation. To do this, a thorough integrative review of the literature dealing with the Danish context is conducted. The Danish context is interesting in order to investigate these network arrangements, firstly because they are not well understood in the context of the Nordic welfare states, which Denmark is part of, and then because municipalities and civil society have historically had a mutually dependent relationship in Denmark. The article highlights that social innovation is framed in several ways in the Danish public sector. In particular, the results show that the literature can be grouped according to four themes: (1) samskabelse (co-creation), (2) collaboration with civil society, (3) social entrepreneurs and social innovation and (4) public–private innovation partnerships. Moreover, the article presents and discusses a number of Danish empirical projects that may be understood through the lens of the PSINSI framework. Hence, the paper contributes with new theoretical perspectives, in addition to contributing to practice.

The Relationship between Building Agents in the Context of Integrated Project Management: A Prospective Analysis

The increasing complexity of building projects, with high quality standards, integrated technologies and strong management restrictions, demands the intervention of numerous and diverse specialists. This requires an intense leadership, organization and coordination effort. However, building regulations, such as the Spanish Law on Building Management (LOE) 38/1999, only formally consider developers, project designers, project and work supervisors, quality control entities, construction companies, owners and final users as building agents. However, these categories are insufficient to represent the interests of all the stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the agents that are currently part of the entire building process. If their relationship of influence and dependence, as well as their alignment with the overall objectives of the project are studied, potential convergences, divergences, agreements and disagreements can be established. To do this, the authors conducted a prospective analysis through the MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations) strategic planning simulation tool, for which the rules of the Delphi technique were applied and a consultation with technical experts, both professionals and academics, was held. The research provides insight to assess the power relationships between the building agents, as well as to measure the alignment of objectives with their interests. Results show that, in the context of integrated project management (IPM), the influence of technical agents is reduced by limiting their functions to those marked by their regulatory framework, allowing them to focus on their legal powers, and the room for manoeuvre of the professional agents, who are subject to systematized monitoring and control, is also reduced. The prospective analysis also highlights the importance of defining the scope from its early stages, as well as the need to reach multilateral agreements based on the other two main constraints: time and cost.

Mexico's Fate Amid U.S. – China Competition

What is Mexico’s future in the face of global hierarchical shifts. Mexico has existed in a dependent relationship with the United States since the beginning of the 20th century. Mexico’s dependency evolved in tandem with the U.S.’ rise to power. That U.S. dominance is being challenged in the 21st century, thus offering Mexico a chance for a different development path. Drawing on elements from world-systems, dependency, and political economy theories, I consider three possible trajectories: Mexico will develop more autonomously; it will become dependent on China; or it will experience stagnation. Using international and governmental data sets, reports from U.S. and Mexican governmental agencies and producer associations, along with journals and newspapers, I suggest that stagnation is the most probable outcome.

Dynamic volatility spillovers and investment strategies between the Chinese stock market and commodity markets

Building on the increased interest in the volatility spillover effects between Chinese stock market and commodity markets, this paper investigates the dynamic volatility spillovers of Chinese stock market and Chinese commodity markets based on the volatility spillover index under the framework of TVP-VAR. The result shows that there is a highly dependent relationship between the stock market and commodity markets. On average, the Chinese stock market is the net recipient of spillover, non-ferrous metals and chemical industry have a very obvious spillover impact on the stock market. The degree of total volatility spillover is different in different periods. After major crisis events, the volatility correlation between markets increases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the spillover effect of the stock market on the commodity market has been significantly enhanced. Then optimal portfolio weights and hedge ratios are calculated for portfolio diversification and risk management. The result shows that the ability of most commodities to hedge against risks is significantly reduced when the crisis occurs; NMFI (precious metals) and CRFI (grain) still have good hedging ability after the crisis, but the effectiveness of hedging risk is relatively low. Besides, the combination of CRFI and SHCI (the Shanghai composite index) is the most effective for risk reduction.

Migration history, first episode psychosis and child abuse: Results from the EU-GEI study

IntroductionChild abuse is associated with a wide range of mental disease including psychotic disorders. Few studies have investigated the role of child abuse in contributing to increase the risk of psychosis in migrant population.ObjectivesTo explore the risk of first episode psychosis (FEP) in migrants and natives for each type of trauma i.e. physical abuse (P.A.), sexual abuse (S.A.), emotional abuse (E.A.), physical neglect (P.N.) and emotional neglect (E.N.).MethodsWithin a large case- control incidence sample of FEP from the EU-GEI study (The EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions) we evalued the assocition of childhood trauma with FEP in migrants and natives. Associations were adjusted for age, gender, social status, level of education, family history of psychosis and cannabis use. Trauma was assessed through Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsCTQ mean score was higher in FEP migrants (45.4, sd 15.6) than in FEP natives (41.7, sd 13.9) (p = 0.002). In natives every type of child abuse was associated with FEP. In migrants P.A., S.A., P.N. were associated with FEP. We found a dose – dependent relationship between trauma and FEP.ConclusionsChild abuse is common in individuals with psychosis. FEP migrants are more exposed to childhood trauma. Clinicians should routinely assess patients for childhood trauma. When treating a FEP migrant patient, clinicians must be aware of an underlying traumatic childhood adversity more than of a traumatic migration history.

Combined meta-analysis of preclinical cell therapy studies shows overlapping effect modifiers for multiple diseases

IntroductionCell therapy has been studied in many different research domains. Cellular replacement of damaged solid tissues is at an early stage of development, with much still to be understood. Systematic...

베이지안 네트워크를 이용한 출입문 장치의 확률론적 고장 분석

Unlike other products, these electric vehicles have undergone a period of reliability growth by manufacturer and operating company for a long time. Through many years, reliable field failure data is continuously stored in specific program. When uncertain failure of particular system is detected during this period, we suggest probabilistic method of reasoning that can show dependent relationship with subparts and estimate the reliability of system. In this study, failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) was conducted to extract the major failure and degradation factors of passenger door system (Centered on new manufactured vehicle line 2). In addition, Failure rates of sub parts are estimated by means of NSWC handbook and Field failure data. To show structural failure mode, we used fault tree analysis (FTA). Based on the fault states and failure rates, we estimated reliability of Passenger Door System using Bayesian network (BN). The goal is to execute dependability analysis for system reliability.

Mihai Eminescu – floral aesthetic codes

The aim of investigation. The floral symbol manifests intself according to the aesthetic codes of each literary era. For romantic creators the outside world begins to lose its meaning so that the real nature will be subordinated by them to the inner movements of feelings. The literary motif of the blue flower consecrated by Novalis in German romanticism is the desire to access a higher spiritual life because in romanticism literature becomes a means of knowing the world not just mirroring it, no matter how elaborate this reflection. With reverberation in Mihai Eminescu`s poetry this floral motif is originally autochthonous along with other floral aesthetic codes. The method of research. Constructive comparativism or third-degree comparativism is the method used amd is based on relationship of dependence or influence between at least two texts. Thus, there are certain myths, themes, motives that radiate from one culture to another, from one era to another, enriching their meaning according to new visions about the world and life. Conclusion. From the dawn of literature until now aesthetic codes including floral ones have been constant they being part of the mythical structure of humanity. The relation between literary works, the contacts berween national literatures and the circulation in time of ideas materialize in the taking of some forms, of some suggestions regarding the stylistic construction or the interpretation of the phenomena from the objective world.

BLSTM-API: Bi-LSTM Recurrent Neural Network-Based Approach for Arabic Paraphrase Identification

Advances in communication technologies have enabled peoples to deliver more. Due to this phenomenon, an increasing amount of data are easily disseminated and published on the internet, which encouraged the practice of paraphrasing. It allows the original sentence to be concealed by alternative expressions of the same meaning. Its detection consists in identifying the degree of semantic similarity between them. It is one of the complex tasks of automatic natural language processing and artificial intelligence. Despite the fact that Arabic language is spoken by a large population around the world, it is rich of grammars and semantics that made hard its sentences modeling and similarity computing. In this paper, an Arabic extrinsic paraphrase identification method is proposed. It is based on a Siamese recurrent neural networks architecture seeing its performance in processing variable size of textual sequences. Indeed, pertinent features are firstly extracted using global word vector that used a global co-occurrence matrix based on a local context window. Then, bidirectional long short-term memory is introduced that incorporated efficiently long-term dependent relationships and captured meaningful contextual semantics between words. For paraphrase identification, cosine measure is used as a merge function. It was useful for identifying semantic similarity between the obtained source and suspect vectors. To address the lack of free and publicly Arabic paraphrased datasets, word2vec algorithm and part-of-speech tagging are combined to generate suspect sentences. For its validation, its quality is compared to the SemEval benchmark. Experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposal’s methods.

A heterostructure of C3N/h-BN with effectively regulated electronic properties by E-field and strain

Heterostructures are widely used in 2D material-based semiconductor industry because of their effective regulation toward certain materials for desirable performance. In this work, we have comprehensively investigated the structural and electronic properties of the C3N/h-BN heterostructure by means of density functional theory. Obtained results show that the proposed heterostructure is a narrow-gap semiconductor and it also has uniquely E-field/strain dependent relationship and highly adjustable peculiarity. More specifically, its band gap structure shows different trends under external E-field and strain, which shows up remarkable capability and favorable applicability in the field of semiconductor band gap engineering.

One-step electrochemical deposition leading to superhydrophobic matrix for inhibiting abiotic and microbiologically influenced corrosion of Cu in seawater environment

Finding efficient ways to prohibit abiotic and microbiologically influenced corrosion is a critical task for metal serving in harsh seawater environment. In this paper, originated from the biomimetics principle, a lotus leaf inspired superhydrophobic matrix composed by Fe-myristic acid compound is prepared on copper surface. The preparation is realized by a facile electrodeposition approach based on a coordination-deposition mechanism, which leads to porous structure composed of hydrophobic compound from an ethanol bath via a single step. The dependent relationship between wettability and electrodeposition conditions including electrodeposition potential and time is revealed. Sophisticated techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy are employed to characterize the matrix morphology and composition. Scanning Kelvin probe and other electrochemical methods show that superhydrophobic matrix improves the corrosion resistance capability of copper in different environments including atmosphere, natural seawater and salt spray, illustrating that superhydrophobic matrix endows high abiotic corrosion inhibition to the underneath Cu metal. The inhibition efficiency of Cu by superhydrophobic coating can reach 99.85 % after immersion in seawater for 28 days. For achieving high prohibition effect to the corrosion induced by microbes, the bio-adhesion inhibition is one prerequisite. The as-obtained superhydrophobic matrix is confirmed to prohibit the representative diatoms and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to grow onto metal surface due to the limited anchoring sites and the low surface energy. Superhydrophobic matrix exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in harsh SRB suspension, demonstrating a prominent role to combat microbiologically influenced corrosion in seawater environment.

Exploring the Role of Play Behaviors in the Links between Preschoolers’ Shyness and Teacher-Child Relationships

ABSTRACT Research Findings: The goal of this study was to investigate the role of play behaviors in the links between child shyness and teacher-child relationship quality in preschool. Participants were 212 (102 girls) young children (M = 58.32 months, SD = 10.72) recruited from 10 classrooms in three preschools in central Italy. Parents evaluated children’s shyness and teachers rated their relationships with children as well as play behaviors at preschools. Results from path analysis showed that shyness predicted the display of reticent behaviors (onlooking, unoccupied), which in turn, was associated with dependent teacher-child relationships. Shyness also predicted less social play, which in turn was related to less closeness with teachers. Practice or Policy: The findings provide evidence of the role of social play in impacting the quality of teacher relationships with shy preschool children. Teachers’ understanding that children’s characteristics may influence the quality of teacher-child relationships could be part of teacher training at preschool.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Antidepressant Medication Are Overrepresented in High-Dose Statin Treatment.

Objective: To examine the dose-dependent relationship of different types of statins with the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and prescription of antidepressant medication.Methods: This cross-sectional study used medical claims data for the general Austrian population (n = 7,481,168) to identify all statin-treated patients. We analyzed all patients with MDD undergoing statin treatment and calculated the average defined daily dose for six different types of statins. In a sub-analysis conducted independently of inpatient care, we investigated all patients on antidepressant medication (statin-treated patients: n = 98,913; non-statin-treated patients: n = 789,683). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the risk of diagnosed MDD and prescription of antidepressant medication in patients treated with different types of statins and dosages compared to non-statin-treated patients.Results: In this study, there was an overrepresentation of MDD in statin-treated patients when compared to non-statin-treated patients (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20–1.25). However, there was a dose dependent relationship between statins and diagnosis of MDD. Compared to controls, the ORs of MDD were lower for low-dose statin-treated patients (simvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.54–0.64; atorvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.59–0.70; rosuvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.85). In higher statin dosages there was an overrepresentation of MDD (simvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.18–2.70, >60–80 mg:OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 4.21–6.60; atorvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98–3.72, >60– < =80 mg:OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.22–6.28; rosuvastatin>20– < =40 mg:OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.31–3.34). The results were confirmed in a sex-specific analysis and in a cohort of patients taking antidepressants, prescribed independently of inpatient care.Conclusions: This study shows that it is important to carefully re-investigate the relationship between statins and MDD. High-dose statin treatment was related to an overrepresentation, low-dose statin treatment to an underrepresentation of MDD.

The Co-evolution of online social networks and syphilis incidence among young black men who have sex with men.

Network contexts have been implicated in the facilitation of syphilis transmission, however little is known about the relationship between online social networks, a proxy for physical networks, and rates of syphilis infection and how they co-evolve over time. To these ends, this study explored the interdependent relationship between Facebook friendship network dynamics and rates of syphilis incidence among young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Specifically, we investigated the extent to which syphilis status, as a latent profile of network members, serves as a selection mechanism of Facebook tie formation and the degree to which Facebook friendships influenced dynamics of syphilis seroconversion. Sexual health, behavioral, and social network data were collected from a cohort of YBMSM (N=286, Mean age=22.8) at two time points between 2013 and 2015 in Chicago, IL, USA. The interdependencies between Facebook friendship networks and syphilis infection were assessed using stochastic actor-based models for social networks and behavior. Results showed that YBMSM tended to form Facebook friendships with other YBMSM who had similar syphilis and HIV status profiles, and the hazard of contracting syphilis was likewise influenced by their Facebook friendships, albeit subtly, by being connected to infectious network members. Meanwhile, intrinsic characteristics like condomless sex, HIV status, and online partner-seeking were not associated with dynamics in syphilis incidence. These findings show that there is a mutually dependent relationship between the online network dynamics of YBMSM and rates of syphilis incidence. Findings also direct attention to network-based strategies for intervention.

Size effect of scratches on the degradation behavior of alloy 690TT in high temperature caustic solution

Size effect of scratches on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of Alloy 690 T T were investigated in high temperature caustic solution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) detector and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) detector, and a quantitative dependent relationship of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of scratched surface on the scratch size factor α (the ratio of scratch depth to scratch tip radius) was established. The results showed that the corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 T T was aggravated by the accelerated growth of inner oxide layer on scratched surface, which was due to the high strain zone formed by scratching process and tension stress. The thickness distribution of inner oxide layer on scratched surface was approximately described by the Gaussian function, while that of surface oxide layer followed a linear distribution. Additionally, the inner oxide layer thickness at scratch tip increased linearly with the increase of α, while that of surface oxide layer wasn’t related to α. The SCC at the scratch tip did not take place until α increased to a critical threshold value. The surface oxide particles near the crack mouth became sparse and the corresponding inner oxide layer became thinner, which was mainly affected by the low stress zone formed near the crack mouth.

Opening the black box of international aid: understanding delivery actors and democratization

Donor states may delegate to other actors to deliver aid through partnerships. We ask whether some partnerships are more effective than others with democratization aid. We identify five actors, arguing that they can affect the recipient’s democracy outcomes via the fungibility of the funds. We hypothesize that organizations that have relationships of accountability and dependency to the donor are most likely to use aid for its intended purposes (least fungible), making them the most likely to see positive effects on democratization. Those that do not have these relationships may use the money for other purposes, making them the least likely to see positive effects on democratization. We test these with data from 32 OECD countries and 126 recipients from 2004 to 2018. Using the electoral indicator from the Varieties of Democracy project, we find that NGO- and IGO-delivered aid is associated with significantly larger increases in a democracy than aid delivered by corporations.

Cambodia in 2020

In 2020, Cambodia experienced its sharpest economic contraction in more than a quarter-century as COVID-19 crippled its tourism industry, hampered foreign investment, and reduced demand for exports from its crucial garment and textile sectors. Wary of simmering popular unrest, the government of long-serving Prime Minister Hun Sen sought to support the battered economy with one hand while stifling domestic political dissent with the other. Domestic crackdowns brought further erosion of Cambodia’s ties with the European Union, and relations with the United States and some Southeast Asian neighbors remained tense as Cambodia drifted closer into a dependent relationship with China.

1057 Pregnancies treated with prophylactic low dose aspirin: a dose dependent comparison of obstetric outcomes

Low dose aspirin has been known as a potential treatment for prevention of the development of preeclampsia in high risk pregnancies since the 1980s. Since that time, multiple studies have confirmed this benefit as well as the reduction in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. As such, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) have published criteria outlining the pregnancies that most benefit from prophylactic low dose aspirin administration. However, there is no absolute recommendation as to the dosage of daily aspirin to be administered. We sought to determine if there is a dose dependent relationship for low dose aspirin prophylaxis and pregnancy outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 231 pregnancies treated with prophylactic low dose aspirin in Kansas City between July 2016 and December 2019. Patients who did not receive prenatal care or deliver at our facility were excluded. We stratified patients by dose (81mg vs 162mg). Our outcomes of interest were gestational age at delivery and birthweight percentiles. Variables were compared using Student’s T-test. We found that the mean gestational age at delivery was later in the 81mg group than the 162mg group (37.84 +/- 2.16 weeks vs 36.55 +/- 4.74 weeks, p = 0.008) but birth weight percentiles were similar between groups (71.97% +/- 29.12 vs 58.41% +/- 29.66, p=0.606). The percentage of low birthweight infants were 8.2% (n=8) and 12.9% (n=20) in the 81mg and 162mg groups respectively, which are not statistically different from the general population. There was no difference in composite adverse neonatal events between groups. In this cohort of women treated with prophylactic low dose aspirin, increasing aspirin dose did not extend pregnancy duration or reduce the risk of low birthweight.

Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga dan NPF Terhadap Profitabilitas ROA Bank Umum Syariah Di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to find out if inflation, interest rates and NPF (Non Performing Finance) have a significant impact on ROA on sharia banks in Indonesia period 2014-2018, both partially and simultaneously. The population in this research is the sharia Bank in Indonesia, registered with OJK (Kuangan Service Authority). The period of observation used was 2014-2018 or for 5 years. The sample used is by using the Purposiv sampling method, so that a sample of 13 research samples was obtained at times of the observation period over 5 years into 65 research data. The technical analysis of data used is a method of double linear analysis with a significant rate of 5% (0.05). The results of this study showed that inflation has no significant negative influence on ROA. Interest rate variables have no significant negative impact on ROA. While NPF (Non Performing Finance) variables have significant negative effect on ROA. The ability of independent variables describes ROA's dependent relationship of 51,% while the rest of its 48.2% in the influence of other factors not examined in this study.

The Relationship of Self-Presentation, Psychological Needs, and Exercise Dependence in College Students With Overweight

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to explore the effect of self-presentation and psychological needs on exercise dependence and to provide an essential reference for preventing and inhibiting the production of exercise dependence in overweight college students.MethodsThe freshmen in two comprehensive universities accepted physical fitness tests, filled out the scales of self-presentation, psychological needs, and exercise dependence after obtaining their consent. A sample of 747 overweight college students who have regular exercise was screened using the formula of Fox sports participation and the standard of overweight for Chinese adults. Multiple regression, exploratory factor, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the related data.Results(1) In overweight college students, compared with the lower peers, those with higher physical attractiveness were more likely to suffer from detoxification of emotion, physiology, and vitality, and compared with the lower peers, those with higher self-presentation were more likely to appear in physiological abstinence. (2) The self-presentation of overweight male and female students has a significant positive influence on psychological needs (beta = 0.31, p < 0.01, and 0.37, p < 0.01, respectively, for males and females) and exercise dependence (beta = −0.21, p < 0.01, and 0.26, p < 0.01, respectively, for males and females). In contrast, psychological needs have a significant negative influence on exercise dependence (beta = −0.21, p < 0.01, and −0.26, p < 0.01, respectively, for males and females). (3) The psychological needs of overweight male and female college students were established as the mediating effect of self-presentation and exercise dependence. The mediating effect of psychological needs of females was higher than that of males (18.5 vs. 15.5%). The “ability display” of male and female students can affect “emotional distress” by “autonomy” and “competence.” The sense of relationship partially mediated the “attractiveness” of male and female students. Also, females on the one hand, rely on “weight control” by “competence” to produce some mediating effects on “physiological distress.” At the same time, the “ability display” by “competence” has a full mediating effect on “physiological distress.”ConclusionIn the self-presentation of the overweight college students, the higher scores in “attractiveness,” “weight control,” and “ability display,” the higher the psychological needs and exercise dependence; the higher the autonomy, competence, and relationship, the less the emotional, physiological, and dynamic distress.