Dependent Theory Research Articles

Hardness of surface hydroxyls and its pivotal role in the flotation of cassiterite from quartz via lead ions activation

Current research has trouble explaining the selective flotation mechanism realized by metal ions, which hinders the advancement of effective flotation techniques. In this work, the selective activation flotation of cassiterite from quartz with Pb2+ is taken as an example to illustrate the pivotal roles of surface hydroxyls in selective flotation. Accordingly, flotation, adsorption amount, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements and systematic first-principles calculations have been used to investigate the roles of hydroxyl groups on the selective adsorption of Pb2+. The obtained flotation, adsorption amount, and XPS test results consistently show that the Pb2+ can more strongly interplay with cassiterite than quartz resulting in selective flotation of cassiterite from quartz. The electron localization functional results illustrate that the electron localization of oxygen of Si-O bonds is stronger than the Sn-O bond resulting in the weaker electron migration ability (high hardness) of oxygen atoms of quartz than oxygen atoms of cassiterite. This makes the cassiterite surface hydroxyl groups less hard than quartz. Further crystal orbital Hamilton population and partial density of states show that the Pb2+ interacts with the oxygen atoms on cassiterite forming chemical bonds before and after the adsorption of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA). On the other hand, the interaction of Pb2+ with quartz is physical in the presence of BHA. The strong adsorption of Pb2+ on cassiterite makes it easier for BHA adsorption which accounts for the selective flotation of cassiterite from quartz. This work sheds new light on establishing a consistent and dependable theory that the hardness of surface hydroxyls is the original factor affecting the selective adsorption of metal ions on oxide mineral surfaces.

Effects of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in patients with primary brain tumor and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers.MethodsA parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization. Outcome measures included validated measures of self-care agency (Self-Care Agency Scale), symptoms and interference by symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor-Turkish Form), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Burden Scale). Two-way analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements from general linear models compared to scale scores.ResultsSelf-care agency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the first and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). The severity of the patients’ emotional, focal neurologic, and cognitive symptoms and interference by symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Caregiver burden was significantly lower in the intervention group in the first, third, and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05).ConclusionDependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention increased patients’ self-care and reduced symptoms and their effects. It also reduced the caregiver burden. Dependent care theory can guide the nursing practices of nurses who provide institutional and/or home care services to patients with chronic diseases and their caregivers.Trial RegistrationNCT05328739 on April 14, 2022 (retrospectively registered).

Leveraging supplier orientation for innovation: Exploring the impact of supply management innovativeness and innovation partnership

AbstractIndustry 4.0 has created new opportunities for enterprise innovation by leveraging emerging technologies. External innovation represents a valuable source of ideas and knowledge for internal innovation, and enterprises are increasingly leveraging their supplier relationships to gain a competitive advantage. Some researchers suggest that suppliers enhance the effectiveness and outcomes of lean innovation. To deepen our understanding of the relationship between supplier orientation and innovation outcomes, this study explores the mechanisms through which supplier orientation contributes to enhancing innovation performance, with a specific focus on the role of supplier orientation in improving supply management innovativeness and innovation partnerships. Survey data from 209 Chinese firms engaged in innovation practices was analyzed using a hierarchical regression based on resource dependency theory. Results reveal that supplier orientation positively influences supply management innovativeness and innovation partnerships. Supply management innovativeness and buyer–supplier innovation partnerships both contribute to improved innovation performance. Our findings suggest that the buyer–supplier innovation partnership plays a moderating role in the relationship between supply management innovativeness and innovation performance. These insights provide a valuable basis for developing innovative strategies and managing inter‐firm relationships, emphasizing the importance of supplier relationship management practices in enhancing firms' competitiveness and performance by leveraging external resources and knowledge.

Catching up with the core or the Red Queen phenomenon? Publication strategies of top local government scholars in the context of centrality, institutional reforms and career length

AbstractThis paper investigates publication strategies of the most distinguished local government researchers in eight European countries. Drawing upon dependency theory, accumulative advantage theory and ‘utility maximizing’ theory, we compare publication strategies of scholars from countries that vary in terms of the distance from the core of academic knowledge production, also taking into consideration their career length (academic age). The two publication strategies compared are international visibility and domestic visibility. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that younger scholars are more prone to adopt internationalization strategy which has been institutionally incentivized by NPM reforms. However, the difference among core, catching‐up and peripheral countries is not as sizeable as expected.

How does the external context affect an implementation processes? A qualitative study investigating the impact of macro-level variables on the implementation of goal-oriented primary care

BackgroundAlthough the importance of context in implementation science is not disputed, knowledge about the actual impact of external context variables on implementation processes remains rather fragmented. Current frameworks, models, and studies merely describe macro-level barriers and facilitators, without acknowledging their dynamic character and how they impact and steer implementation. Including organizational theories in implementation frameworks could be a way of tackling this problem. In this study, we therefore investigate how organizational theories can contribute to our understanding of the ways in which external context variables shape implementation processes. We use the implementation process of goal-oriented primary care in Belgium as a case.MethodsA qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with actors from a variety of primary care organizations. Data was collected and analyzed with an iterative approach. We assessed the potential of four organizational theories to enrich our understanding of the impact of external context variables on implementation processes. The organizational theories assessed are as follows: institutional theory, resource dependency theory, network theory, and contingency theory. Data analysis was based on a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis techniques using NVivo 12.ResultsInstitutional theory helps to understand mechanisms that steer and facilitate the implementation of goal-oriented care through regulatory and policy measures. For example, the Flemish government issued policy for facilitating more integrated, person-centered care by means of newly created institutions, incentives, expectations, and other regulatory factors. The three other organizational theories describe both counteracting or reinforcing mechanisms. The financial system hampers interprofessional collaboration, which is key for GOC. Networks between primary care providers and health and/or social care organizations on the one hand facilitate GOC, while on the other hand, technology to support interprofessional collaboration is lacking. Contingent variables such as the aging population and increasing workload and complexity within primary care create circumstances in which GOC is presented as a possible answer.ConclusionsInsights and propositions that derive from organizational theories can be utilized to expand our knowledge on how external context variables affect implementation processes. These insights can be combined with or integrated into existing implementation frameworks and models to increase their explanatory power.

Longevity, Chronic Conditions and Ageing Dynamics: A Mathematical Reliability Perspective. Review

Background: Understanding the relationship between ageing and chronic diseases becomes crucial as global demographics shift towards an increasingly aged population. Aim: The primary objective of this review is to explore various theories of ageing and their implications for chronic disease prevalence in ageing populations. Methods: The study design entailed a comprehensive literature search to collect pertinent papers and theories on ageing, chronic diseases, and dependability theory. Various databases were employed to ascertain crucial insights and discoveries in this domain. Results: The review emphasises the complex and diverse factors involved in the ageing process and its connection to chronic diseases. We highlight the harmful effects of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour on the health of older individuals. Moreover, we emphasise the importance of dependability theory in comprehending the development and progression of chronic health conditions among ageing populations. Conclusion: Increasing chronic illness prevalence in the ageing population is both a problem and a possibility for adequate care. Integrating reliability theory into comprehensive approaches may help us understand age-related chronic illnesses and create effective preventative measures. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Ageing; Chronic diseases; Health span; Mathematical reliability theory; Population ageing; Preventive strategies

Does board knowledge matter for ESG performance in the European banking industry?

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the knowledge endowment of directors on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in the banking industry. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) two‐step analysis, we analyzed a sample of 115 banks listed in Europe between 2014 and 2022. Building on the Resource Based View and Resource Dependence Theory, we find empirical evidence that board knowledge in terms of cultural, industrial, and financial background affects ESG performance in the banking industry, providing several contributions to the extant knowledge management and corporate governance literature. The research is intended to stimulate the development of practical knowledge management strategies inside companies to improve directors' decision‐making toward corporate social responsibility‐oriented initiatives.

Mitigating soft and hard infrastructure deficiencies in emerging markets

This study examines the impact of soft and hard infrastructure deficiencies on foreign firms’ investments in emerging markets and firm strategies to mitigate such impact. Soft infrastructure refers to intangible components such as institutions and regulations, while hard infrastructure encompasses tangible physical components like transportation, energy systems, and water supply. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we argue that foreign firms are likely to decrease their investment scale in countries with deficient soft and hard infrastructures to reduce uncertainty. We further propose two strategies to mitigate the negative effects of infrastructure deficiencies. First, foreign firms can adopt an influencing strategy, increasing their influence on the host government to alleviate the negative impact of soft infrastructure deficiencies. Second, a shielding strategy can be employed to reduce dependence on the host government, particularly when dealing with hard infrastructure deficiencies. We analyze data from a sample of 3,341 foreign firms operating in 88 emerging economies between 2005 and 2020 and find empirical support for these arguments, highlighting the significance of infrastructural considerations for foreign investments in emerging economies.

Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Financial Performance: An Analysis of Listed Companies in Brazil

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance: an analysis of listed companies in Brazil. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The analysis of listed companies in Brazil found that strong corporate governance practices are associated with improved financial performance. Factors such as board independence, transparency, and shareholder rights positively influence profitability, liquidity, and market valuation. This highlights the vital role of effective corporate governance mechanisms in fostering investor confidence and driving sustainable financial success in Brazil. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Agency theory, stakeholder theory &amp; resource dependency theory may be used to anchor future studies on the corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance: an analysis of listed companies in Brazil. By emphasizing the pivotal role of board independence, transparency, and shareholder engagement, the study provides tangible guidance on governance practices that can be effectively implemented to bolster financial performance. Policymakers tasked with overseeing the corporate governance landscape in Brazil

Examining the impact of managers’ network size on SME performance: a case study of Interurban and local road freight transport in the Paris department

This study focuses on the interplay between managers’ personalities, relationships, and company performance. We investigate the influence of managers on a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically examining the size of their networks. Our focus is on enterprises working in the sector of interurban road freight transport and local road freight transport within the Paris department. The model we propose aims to understand the advantages of a well-established and interconnected network for SME performance. We analyse how the different characteristics of a company as well as its manager’s personality and network ties can affect company performance. By drawing upon the dependency network approach, the Resource Dependency Theory, and network theory, we investigate the connection between resource and network dependencies, and how these influence firms’ behavior and long-term growth. Through our theoretical review and by analyzing a database of selected companies through the multiple linear regression and the Principal Component Analysis, we find that networking plays a vital role and significantly impacts a company’s revenues and costs, although not to the extent that we predicted. The results of our research provide evidence of the correlation between networking and performance ratios, but only partially confirm our hypotheses.

Jamaican Values and Foreign Policy

Dependency theory suggests that the foreign policy of small island developing countries will be congruent to the preferences and interest of larger and more powerful countries in its sphere of influence. A large body of contemporary scholarship asserts that values not only play a role in the mass public’s attitudes toward domestic politics, but that they also help people make sense of attitudes toward international affairs national values, they are influenced by factors such as historical traditions, cultural backgrounds, and the realities of the country. Internal tensions are created when a government pursues a foreign policy that is incongruent with the values of the citizens. This study examined the values of 513 Jamaican citizens using the World Value Survey and discussed these findings within the context of values theory and contemporary foreign policy issues. The secular versus religious divide helps to explain the differences in views on LBGTQ, Abortion and Promiscuity and Abstinence between Jamaica and the hegemon. There is far more congruence in values and culture as it relates to Privacy, Science and Technology, Corruption, and Security. It is important that national culture and values of dependent countries be respected by dominant countries instead of assimilating into one worldview.

The Path Innovation of Regional Economic Growth: Data Analysis Based on China

AbstractInnovative development to some extent overcomes the path-dependent characteristics of knowledge proximity, and the diversity and complexity of regional knowledge and technology foster regional economic growth. This study constructs a dynamic mechanism for maximizing the enterprise profit to explore the conditions enabling regions that can achieve knowledge accumulation and technological leapfrogging. Utilizing the fitness landscape methodology based on customs data from 30 provinces in China and employing genetic algorithms, we analyze two modes of enterprises with similar and different initial conditions under varying leapfrogging scenarios. By applying profit maximization rules within the fitness landscape of the product space, we examine how to promote regional industrial transformation and upgrade. The results indicate that a larger leap range in the production of products by enterprises, reflecting stronger innovative capabilities, significantly enhances the region’s ability for industrial transformation and upgrade. There is a strong positive relationship between the initial industrial foundation and regional economic development. When regions share a similar industrial base, the complexity of regional knowledge becomes more critical. Therefore, an increase in the foundational development of industries and technology-intensive products can enhance the potential for regional path innovation. Past research has primarily been based on the path dependence theory, emphasizing that the most crucial aspect for underdeveloped economies is the accumulation and development of foundational capabilities. However, our study contends that, for emerging economies, it is crucial to enhance the diversity and complexity of knowledge and technology. Particularly, it is essential to, based on a comprehensive understanding of their own strengths, open up new areas and new arenas in development, continually shaping new growth drivers and new strengths. This emerges as a significant factor in regional growth and leapfrog development.

What Leads to Effective Emergency Management? A Configurational Analysis of Empirical Cases of Local Chinese Governments

This study investigates the foundational elements that contribute to effective emergency management in urban settings, with a particular focus on experiences from Chinese municipalities. Drawing on resource dependence theory and attention allocation theory, this research develops an analytical framework encompassing four pivotal factors: environmental resources, information sharing, social participation, and leadership attention allocation. Utilizing Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), we examine these factors across sixteen critical incidents of urban accidents and disaster responses in China. Our findings reveal that a high degree of leadership attention allocation is an essential prerequisite for municipal governments to exhibit robust emergency management capabilities during crises. Furthermore, two primary pathways affecting emergency management capacity were identified: the “resource–leadership attention type” and the “social participation–resource coordination type”. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complexities of emergency management and enlighten the local governments to take some effective measures to enhance emergency management capacities to mitigate disaster losses.

Strategi Komunikasi Penyiar Radio Sushi 99.1 Fm Dalam Mempertahankan Program Unggulan Pantun Balega Kepada Pendengar Loyal Di Kota Padang

In the era of communication 5.0, technology is developing rapidly, causing radio to be less attractive to the younger generation. However, Radio Sushi FM, with the program "Pantun Balega", maintains its loyal listeners. The biggest challenge is the dependence on one broadcaster, One Tina. The research aims to understand Radio Sushi 99.1 FM's communication strategy in maintaining the program in Padang City.In this research, the method used is descriptive qualitative because it collects data in the form of words and pictures, not numbers. This approach produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. Observation, interviews, and documentation were used for data collection. The research was conducted at Radio Sushi 99.1 FM, Padang, with key informants: General Manager and Program Director, as well as broadcasters of Pantun Balega program. Triangulation was used to ensure the validity of the data.Radio Sushi 99.1 FM's communication strategy in maintaining Pantun Balega program to loyal listeners in Padang City is based on media dependency theory. Through deep understanding of listeners, consistency of broadcast schedule, involvement in the community, and interactivity with listeners, Sushi FM builds strong and sustainable relationships, making it an irreplaceable source of information and entertainment.Radio Sushi 99.1 FM has successfully implemented effective broadcaster communication strategies in the Pantun Balega program, including deep understanding of listeners, consistency of broadcast schedule, involvement in the community, and interactivity with listeners. However, the main drawback is the lack of a substitute broadcaster for the program, leading to dependence on one broadcaster and potential losses during absences.

Green Procurement Adoption and Environmental Sustainability: A Study of Public Sector Organizations in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the green procurement adoption and environmental sustainability: a study of public sector organizations in South Africa. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on green procurement adoption in South Africa's public sector indicates a growing awareness and implementation of environmentally sustainable practices. While progress is evident, challenges such as resource constraints persist. Nevertheless, embracing green procurement holds promise for substantial environmental benefits and cost savings. Efforts should focus on further promoting and supporting the adoption of these practices to enhance sustainability in the public sector. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, diffusion of innovations theory &amp; resource dependence theory may be used to anchor future studies on the green procurement adoption and environmental sustainability: a study of public sector organizations in South Africa. Public sector organizations should invest in capacity-building initiatives to enhance the knowledge and skills of procurement professionals in green procurement practices. Advocate for the development and enforcement of mandatory green procurement regulations and standards by government authorities.

Impact of E-Procurement Implementation on Supply Chain Performance: A Case Study of Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of e-procurement implementation on supply chain performance: a case study of Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: E-procurement implementation in Nigeria has notably enhanced supply chain performance by streamlining processes, reducing costs, and improving transparency. It has strengthened supplier relationships, facilitated data-driven decision-making, and led to tangible benefits despite challenges such as infrastructure limitations and cybersecurity concerns. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transaction cost theory, resource dependency theory &amp; institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the impact of e-procurement implementation on supply chain performance: a case study of Nigeria. Provide training and capacity-building programs to enhance the technical skills and digital literacy of procurement professionals and stakeholders involved in e-procurement implementation. Advocate for the development and implementation of supportive regulatory frameworks and policies that promote e-procurement adoption and usage in Nigeria.

Inward FDI and local firms' political connections in emerging markets: Evidence from China

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch on the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) into emerging markets has primarily focused on local firms' productivity or innovation outcomes while overlooking their nonmarket strategies. Based on the resource dependence theory, we propose that inward FDI has a U‐shaped impact on local firms' political connections. This is because when FDI is at a low to medium level, its spillover benefits substitute for local firms' dependence on government resources. As FDI further increases, its competitive threats outweigh spillover benefits, driving local firms to a greater dependence on the government to neutralize the threats. This relationship is contingent on external and internal factors altering resource similarity between FDI and local government. Our analyses of Chinese listed firms support our predictions.Managerial SummaryThis study delves into how firms in emerging markets respond to inward FDI, particularly focusing on the role of political connections as a nonmarket strategy. Our findings offer valuable insights for both local firms and governments, providing a holistic view of the opportunities and challenges associated with inward FDI. We advise local firms to adopt a balanced approach by integrating both market and nonmarket strategies to maximize benefits, as relying solely on political connections may not be the most effective way to address the challenges posed by inward FDI. Additionally, our research emphasizes the importance of evaluating the resources provided by inward FDI against those provided by local governments, as the similarity of these resources alters the role of inward FDI as perceived by local firms.

Supplier Relationship Management Practices and Firm Performance: Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in India

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the supplier relationship management practices and firm performance: evidence from small and medium enterprises in India. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) in Indian SMEs reveals a positive link between effective SRM practices and firm performance. It highlights benefits such as improved operational efficiency, cost reduction, and enhanced product quality. However, challenges like resource constraints hinder widespread adoption. Overall, prioritizing strong supplier relationships can boost SME competitiveness in India. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transaction cost economics (TCE), resource dependency theory (RDT) &amp; social exchange theory (SET) may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the supplier relationship management practices and firm performance: evidence from small and medium enterprises in India. SMEs could also benefit from capacity-building initiatives aimed at enhancing their negotiation skills, contract management capabilities, and technological adoption to facilitate efficient SRM processes. Policymakers can leverage research findings to design supportive policies aimed at strengthening the SME ecosystem in India.

Computational study on reactivity, aromaticity, and absorption spectra of chrysene: effect of BN doping and substituents

Abstract Density functional study (DFT) is performed for understanding the reactivity, aromaticity, and UV-visible absorption spectra of chrysene-based materials. Effect of BN doping on the said parameters are analyzed along with the effect of –Me (methyl), –OH (hydroxyl), –CHO (formyl) –COOH (carboxyl) and –CN (cyano) substituents. Global reactivity parameters viz. energy of HOMO (E HOMO), global hardness (η), chemical potential (μ) and electrophilicity (ω) are computed. Nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) values are estimated to study the variation in aromaticity. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is used to study the UV–Visible absorption spectra. Effects of BN doping and substituents on corresponding dipole moments and band gaps are also analyzed. Presence of BN unit and/or substituents induced considerable impact on global reactivity, dipole moment, band gap and aromaticity of the chosen systems, especially for BN doped chrysene at the edge. Absorption spectra which are red shifted in presence of BN and substituents are mostly found within the UV-region.

The customer is always right? Corporate client influence and women’s attainment in large US law firms

Abstract Drawing on resource dependence and new institutional theories, this article examines the impact of corporate clients on the representation of women among associates and partners of large US law firms. We investigate the influence of women in corporate executive positions, women corporate chief legal officers, and clients who join in collective efforts to advocate for law firm diversity, as well as the role of power and dependence in client–firm relationships. We use longitudinal data on 665 law offices from the 2005 and 2010 editions of the NALP Directory of Legal Employers and incorporate client characteristics from the 2005 National Law Journal client list. We find that women executives among a firm’s corporate clients are linked to greater representation of women among law firm associates, but we observe no effects among partners, and scant effects of client participation in a key collective advocacy effort. Firm independence from client power is negatively linked to gender diversity among associates, while client independence from firm power is positively associated with women’s representation at both the associate and partner levels. In addition, firm independence from client power weakens the influence of female and activist corporate leaders on gender diversity in the case of associates but strengthens their influence in the case of partners.