Center Department Research Articles

Infective endocarditis: Awareness, knowledge gaps and behaviours amongst adults with congenital heart disease

BackgroundAdults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) have an increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE), associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This risk is compounded by patient-related factors, including lack of awareness of IE and the presence of a learning disability (LD). Our study sought to evaluate patients' understanding of the risks and symptoms of IE and to identify patients who could benefit from targeted education. MethodsPatients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary ACHD referral centre completed a questionnaire that assessed their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards IE. Baseline demographics and clinical data were collected from electronic patient records. ResultsA total of 132 ACHD patients completed the questionnaires (age 41.7 ± 16.4 years, 50 % male, 11 % with an LD). Only 37.1 % of patients accurately defined IE, none of whom had an LD. Most patients chose pyrexia (47 %) and tiredness (39.4 %) as potential symptoms of IE, however, none correctly identified all symptoms. Only 19.7 % were aware of the requirement for prolonged antibiotic treatment for IE. A third of all patients reported that they would have made lifestyle changes had they been aware of the complications of IE. There was a statistically significant association between learning disability and poor level of awareness in the questionnaire. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates awareness issues regarding IE among ACHD patients, highlighting the need to invest further on patient education. This should start at the time of transition from paediatric to adult services and continue lifelong, with emphasis on patients with a learning disability.

Study Of Association Between Dental Caries And Nutritional Status Among Children Attending OPD Of A Tertiary Care Center - A Retrospective Study

Aim: The purpose is to study the association between nutritional status and dental carries in children attending outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Materials and methods: A total of 342 children aged up to 16 years attending the department of District Early Intervention and Care (DEIC) of a Government Medical College and Hospital were selected for this study. The nutritional status was evaluated using BMI for age and converted into Z score by plotting into age and gender specific WHO growth charts. Dental caries status was recorded according to WHO criteria. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 49.2% and prevalence of dental caries was 61.7%. Significant association between Caries and undernutrition was noted in ages between 2 to 10 years. Conclusion: Undernutrition is a risk factor for dental caries. It is important to identify and determine all the factors leading to undernutrition in children especially aged 2 to 10 and execute action plans for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Prevalence and Clinico-sociodemographic Factors of Asthmatic Children Aged 1 to 14 Years: A Prospective Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in Gandaki Province, Nepal

Introduction Pediatric asthma poses a significant public health challenge, impacting children’s health and quality of life. As asthma prevalence continues to rise globally, understanding its epidemiology is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of pediatric asthma among children aged 1 to 14 years. Methods This study employed a prospective descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were collected from a diagnosed asthmatic children attending pediatric department of the GP Koirala National Respiratory Centre and Hospital, Tanahun, Ganaki, Nepal over three months from April 20, 2023 by assessing demographic factors (age, gender, residence), socioeconomic status, clinical history (family history and comorbid conditions), and asthma severity. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 using descriptive statistics. Results Prevalence rate of pediatric asthma was 3.08%. The demographic analysis revealed that most participants were aged 1-5 years (53%), predominantly male (64.9%), and resided in urban areas (59.6%). Socioeconomic data indicated that 59.6% came from low-income households, suggesting a potential link between socioeconomic status and asthma prevalence. Clinically, 53% had a family history of asthma, with 26.3% presenting with comorbid allergic rhinitis. Asthma severity assessments showed that 50% had mild asthma, 33.33% had moderate asthma, and 16.67% had severe asthma. Conclusion This study highlights a low prevalence of asthma in the pediatric population at GP Koirala National Respiratory Centre and Hospital, yet emphasizes the burden faced by younger children, especially those from low-income backgrounds. The correlations between asthma prevalence, socioeconomic status, and comorbid conditions underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and comprehensive management strategies. Further research is warranted to deepen understanding and enhance healthcare services for affected children.

The Outpatient Experience in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - How to Perform Safely in the Ambulatory Surgery Center

The number of outpatient unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) procedures has increased substantially over the last decade. The ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and hospital outpatient department provide a safe, cost-effective alternative with a significant cost savings to the healthcare system. Advancements in technology and perioperative management strategies have expanded the number of eligible patients to optimize outcomes with a focus on safety. Therefore, this review will describe the safety, efficacy, economics, and perioperative protocols for performing UKA in an outpatient setting. Patient selection, risk factors, patient education and expectations, anesthesia, pain management strategies, and outcomes will be discussed.

Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidiosis in Diabetes and Cancer patients

Cryptosporidium spp., a primary intestinal parasite and obligate intracellular parasite, infects a wide range of vertebrates, including human. The current study aimed to determine the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. among immunocompromised patients attending the Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre and Oncology Department at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospitals in Al-Diwaniya Providence, Iraq. The research period extended from the first of October 2023 until the end of February 2024. Eighty-seven stool samples were obtained from immunocompromised patients of various ages and both genders who attended the hospital. Stool samples were examined using the nested PCR technique. The results showed an overall infection rate of 22.98%. Researchers found that the infection rate was 20.83% among diabetic patients and 25.64% among cancer patients. Male patients had a recorded infection rate of 23.07%, whereas females recorded 22.85%. A high infection rate (60%) was observed among patients under the age of 15 and among those coming from rural areas, reaching 34.88%. Additionally, it was found that 42.42% of the infected individuals had contact with animals.

EP584 - The standard of evening handover in the acute surgical department of a single regional centre: a closed-loop audit

Abstract Aims Handover is an important period that represents a potential risk to patient safety. The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng) have published guidelines on safe handover practice. The aim of this closed-loop two-cycle audit was to ensure general surgery patients at a single regional centre were handed over according to RCSEng guidelines. Method Evening handovers were prospectively audited between May 2023 to July 2023 using a proforma adapted from the RCSEng guidelines. A questionnaire relating to junior doctors’ views on the night handover was electronically disseminated prior to the first cycle. The intervention was an educational guide for foundation doctors on how to effectively hand over surgical patients, based on the RCSEng guidelines. P-values were calculated using a Mann-Whitney U test. Results 15 handovers were audited in the first cycle; of 84 patients handed over, 31% (26/84) met the RCSEng handover ‘minimum’ standard. 13 handovers were audited in the second cycle; 84 patients were handed over, the ‘minimum’ standard rate increased to 67% (56/84) (p=0.003). There were 25 responses to the questionnaire, 92% (23/25) were by foundation doctors, 48% (12/25) volunteered wanting more teaching on handovers. Conclusions Introduction of an educational handover guide is a useful method to improve the quality of surgical handovers, particularly in regional centres that may have a more complex case mix. This guide was later introduced as part of the ‘induction pack’ for foundation doctors rotating into surgery.

Early Detection of Vascular Obstruction in Microvascular Flaps using Thermographic Camera.

To evaluate the early detection of vascular obstruction in microvascular flaps using a thermographic camera. A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from July to December 2023. Microvascular flaps with cutaneous islands were monitored postoperatively with a thermographic camera in addition to conventional clinical methods. The decision to re-explore was based on conventional methods, and confirmation was achieved through intraoperative findings of vascular obstruction during re-exploration. Thirty-one patients who underwent microvascular surgery were monitored postoperatively with a thermographic camera. There were 20 (64.5%) anterolateral thigh flaps, 4 (12.9%) radial forearm flaps, 3 (9.7%) scapular-parascapular flaps, 1 (3.2%) medial plantar flap, 1 (3.2%) myocutaneous gracilis flap, 1 (3.2%) latissimus dorsi (LD) flap, and 1 (3.2%) chimeric adductor longus and gracilis flap. Three (9.7%) flaps developed postoperative vascular obstruction. The thermographic camera detected complications two to four hours earlier than conventional methods, with a statistically significant difference (p >0.109). A thermographic camera is a valuable, non-invasive, and simple tool for monitoring microvascular flaps. It can detect complications several hours earlier and has the potential to be a practice-changing modality. Microvascular flaps, Thermographic camera, Vascular obstruction.

Immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to glucocorticoids in the treatment of Susac syndrome: a French national cohort study

Susac syndrome is a rare disease affecting mainly young women and is characterised by an occlusive microvessel disease limited to the brain, retina, and inner ear. No randomised controlled trial has been published or declared as ongoing to investigate treatments for Susac syndrome. We aimed to compare the effect of glucocorticoids given alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of relapse in patients with Susac syndrome. The Phenotypic and Etiological Characterization of Susac Syndrome-National Clinical Research Hospital Program study is a prospective national cohort study that started enrolling on Nov 29, 2011, and included all consecutive patients aged 18 years or older with Susac syndrome who were referred to the French reference centre (Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris). Susac syndrome was defined by either the triad of encephalopathy with typical brain MRI abnormalities, cochleo-vestibular damage, and multiple occlusions of retinal central artery branches, or at least two of the three criteria without any alternative diagnosis. Collected data included fundoscopy, retinal angiography, audiometry, cerebrospinal fluid, brain MRI, and treatment received at diagnosis; months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after diagnosis; and then annually for 5 years or in the case of a relapse. The primary outcome was defined as the first relapse occurring within a 36-month follow-up period from the first day of treatment, characterised by new clinical symptoms or signs, and new abnormalities observed on retinal angiography, audiometry, or brain MRI, necessitating treatment intensification. There was no involvement of people with lived experience at any stage. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01481662. Between Nov 29, 2011, and Dec 2, 2022, 64 patients were included in the study, with a mean age at diagnosis of 35 years (SD 11); 41 (64%) were women and 23 (36%) were men. At diagnosis, 60 patients received glucocorticoids; 40 (63%) of 64 patients received glucocorticoids alone as a first-line therapy while 20 (31%) received glucocorticoids in combination with immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin. Overall, 46 (72%) of 64 patients had a first relapse with a median relapse-free survival time of 3·96 months (95% CI 2·24-16·07). Comparison of relapse-free survival showed no significant difference between the two treatment strategies (hazard ratio [HR] 1·11 [95% CI 0·56-2·17], p=0·76), compared with glucocorticoids alone as the reference group. In patients who first relapsed while treated with glucocorticoids alone, there was no significant difference in second relapse-free survival between those who did or did not receive immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin as a second-line therapy (HR 2·66 [95% CI 0·63-11·18], p=0·18). The combination of glucocorticoids with immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin did not appear to reduce the risk of Susac syndrome relapse compared with glucocorticoids alone. Our findings did not support the systematic use of immunosuppressive agents in Susac syndrome. French Ministry of Health.

Influence of social media on health-related decision-making among adults attending an outpatient department of a tertiary care centre in India: A cross-sectional analytical study.

Background Social media platforms, especially Facebook and WhatsApp, can spread public health information effectively. We aimed to estimate the influence of health-related messages circulated through these social media platforms on health-related decision-making and its associated factors. Methods We did a cross-sectional analytical study among adults (aged >18 years) who visited the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in suburban West Bengal, during July-September 2021. A structured questionnaire was used regarding receiving health-related messages on social media and the subsequent effect on health-related decision-making in the past year. Results A total of 673 individuals participated in the study. Their mean (SD) age was 34.4 (10.2) years and 56.8% (382) were men, 50.8% (342) were graduates, 63.6% (428) were from rural areas and 82.9% (558) were active users of more than one social media platform. A total of 474 (70.4%; 95% CI 67.0-73.9) study participants reported health-related decision-making based on social media messages, whereas 44.7% (301) reported checking the authenticity of forwarded messages or posts or updates with healthcare professionals before making a decision. On adjusted analysis, participants who had secondary education (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.40; 95% CI 1.01-1.94), used both the media (aPR 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.58) and checked the authenticity of the messages with a healthcare professional (aPR 1.52, 95% CI 1.38-1.68) were significantly more influenced by the messages, posts or updates received on social media platforms. Conclusion WhatsApp forwards or updates and Facebook posts or updates influence health-related decision-making among the Indian adult population.

What is the Safe Observation Period for Image-Guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsies?

Current observation period post-liver biopsy is typically 4h. This study investigates the safety of reducing the observation period after percutaneous liver biopsy. Patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy between 2017 and 2022 in the Radiology Department of a tertiary centre were included in this retrospective, institutional review board-approved study. Patient demographics, procedure details and complication data were collected from the electronic medical records. Complications were graded according to the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) classification. Conditional survival probabilities were calculated for the 4-h observation period. Among 1125 patients, 275 complications were seen; 255 grade 1, 15 grade 2 and five grade 3. Post-procedural pain represented 93% (256) of complications, whereas post-procedural haemorrhage occurred in 17 (6%) patients: 13 were of grade 2 severity requiring prolonged observation, and 4 were of grade 3 severity. Of these grade 3 complications, two required blood transfusion whereas two required embolization. A total of 215 (78%) complications occurred within 1h, 244 (89%) within 2h of observation. 16 (94%) of 17 post-procedural haemorrhages occurred within 2h post-biopsy. If complication-free after 2h, the probability of experiencing a complication within the next 2h was 4%. The majority of complications were identified within 2h of observation. Complications recognised after this period were largely pain-related, with only one grade 3 complication seen (post-procedural haemorrhage).Our findings suggest 2h of post-procedural observation may be safe. Level 2B, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward sarcopenia among older adults in two cities in Zhejiang province, China

ObjectiveTo explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards sarcopenia among older adults in Zhejiang province, China. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2023 and January 2024 among older community residents who participated in a physical examination in Shaoxing People’s Hospital Physical Examination Center, Shaoxing Yuecheng District Fushan Street Community Health Service Center, Shaoxing Yuecheng District Beihai Street Community Health Service Center, Shaoxing City, and Outpatient Department of Yongkang First People’s Hospital. Their demographic characteristics and KAP towards sarcopenia were collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the relationship among KAP dimensions. ResultsA total of 1092 valid questionnaires were included. The median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 0 (0, 0) (possible range: 0–22), 31 (30, 31) (possible range: 8–40), and 17 (15, 21) (possible range: 6–30), respectively. The SEM showed that knowledge directly positively influenced attitude (β = 0.121, P < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.171, P < 0.001). Attitude directly positively influenced practice (β = 0.116, P < 0.001); therefore, the knowledge showed an indirect influence on practice via attitude. ConclusionOlder adults in two cities in Zhejiang province, China, showed insufficient knowledge but moderate attitude and practice towards sarcopenia. It is imperative to design interventions to improve knowledge about sarcopenia and improve self-management and patient outcomes.

Does Roux-en-Y Anastomosis Excels Intestinal Interposition in Gastrectomy?

Background: Gastrectomy, the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach, is a critical intervention often employed in cases of gastric cancer. Among the various techniques utilized in gastrectomy, two primary methods have gained prominence: Roux-en-Y anastomosis and intestinal interposition. Both techniques aim to restore gastrointestinal continuity and functionality post-surgery, yet they differ in their approaches and outcomes. This article evaluates the efficacy, benefits, and drawbacks in the context of gastrectomy. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Surgical department of Complex Oncological Centre of Shumen, Bulgaria between March 2019 and November 2023, including 55 patients, 35 maled and 20 females who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer or peptic ulcer disease. Roux-en-Y anastomosis was used in 30 and in 25 patients was used intestinal interposition. Medical records of eligible patients were reviewed to collect demographic data, preoperative clinical characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Results: The total number of complications amounts to 10, - 2 in Roux-en-Y and 8 after intestinal interposition. Complications in intestinal interposition are 4,8 times more frequent than in Roux-en-Y reconstruction, which, considering the small number of patients compared, represents a significant difference. Conclusion: This study contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the advantages and drawbacks of each reconstruction technique. Surgical skills play a vital role in the selection and execution of reconstruction methods after total gastrectomy.

995 The Standard of Evening Handover in the Acute Surgical Department of a Single Regional Centre: A Closed-Loop Audit

995 The Standard of Evening Handover in the Acute Surgical Department of a Single Regional Centre: A Closed-Loop Audit

Initial Experience of Robot-Assisted Surgeries.

To present initial experience with the first 100 cases of robotic-assisted surgery by the Department of General Surgery. Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Surgery, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from May 2022 to August 2023. Demographic and postoperative details of the first 100 patients to undergo robotic-assisted surgery by the Department of General Surgery were reviewed. Prospective data were collected from the hospital information database as well as the CMR database. The data collected in the hospital database included the patients' age, diagnoses, genders, complications during hospital stay as well as 90-day readmission, morbidity, and mortality. Data collected by CMR via Versius robotic surgery console or internal databases included operative minutes using the console. The average age of patients undergoing robotic surgery was 44.26 ± 14.08 years. Cholecystectomy (78%) was the most commonly performed robotic-assisted procedure. Only one patient had blood loss of more than 100ml. There was no postoperative complication, readmission or mortality during the study period. With proper patient selection, robotic-assisted surgery is safe and feasible even in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Robotic-assisted surgery, Pakistan, Initial experience, Outcomes, Versius.

580 An Assessment of the Adequacy of Initial Photography of Open Lower Limb Injury Patients in the Emergency Department of a Major Trauma Centre

580 An Assessment of the Adequacy of Initial Photography of Open Lower Limb Injury Patients in the Emergency Department of a Major Trauma Centre

‘Evaluation of occupational and nonoccupational interstitial lung disease in railway workers’

Introduction Occupational lung diseases include a wide variety of respiratory diseases with clinical manifestations and diagnostic test results that have features similar to nonoccupational diseases. Aim To determine the prevalence of occupational Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) among confirmed ILD patients admitted to the chest department of Egyptian Railway Medical Centre and the assessment of the outcome. Patients and methods A total of 155 patients with confirmed ILD, were subdivided into two groups: group (A) 79 patients with occupational exposure and group (B) 76 patients with nonoccupational exposure. Both groups were subjected to a detailed history, radiological assessment, arterial blood gases, and Spirometry. Data of days of hospital stay were also recorded. Results The prevalence of confirmed cases of ILD among occupational exposure was 1.49% versus 1.1% in the nonoccupational. Range of age in occupational group was between (31and 68 years). Chest X ray (CXR) findings were positive in 58.2% and 30.2% of occupational and nonoccupational group, respectively. Among group (A), 47.1% of the patients stayed between 11 and 15 days), 15.76% admitted to ICU, and 5.2% were mechanically ventilated. While 48% of hospitalized nonoccupational patients stayed between 6 and 10 days, 8% were admitted to ICU and 4% were mechanically ventilated, Conclusion The prevalence of interstitial lung diseases with occupational exposure was 1.49%, higher than non-occupational interstitial lung diseases. They were younger in age, had history of domiciliary oxygen therapy, frequent exacerbations, and previous hospital admissions. They had prolonged length of hospital stay, particularly those not using protective measures.

Assessment of the Quality of Life and Relationship of Mental Status Among Parents with Cerebral Palsy Children in a Single Centre Study

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh suffer immensely, with no means or hope for a decent life and a public system lacking basic facilities.This study aims to analyze the quality of life (QoL) and depression status of parents among children with CP, as well as the relationship between these factors and their demographic profile. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which data were collected from the Pediatric Department of Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) in Savar. The participants included 150 children with CP between January 2018 and December 2020. Results: The mean age of the mothers (29.86±6.14) was between 25 and 29 years (32.7%). The most common type of CP was spastic CP among 100 mothers (66.7%). A significant relationship was observed between the mother’s age during marriage and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF), physical health (P&lt;0.01), psychological health (P&lt;0.01), and the age group of 31-35 years had the lowest scores (Mean±SD 62.00±5.16, 51±0.683) in both domains. A strong correlation (P&lt;0.001) was observed between QoL, physical health (r=0.319), psychological (r=0.365), social (r=0.390) and environmental (r=0.388). From the box plot, QoL showed that spastic CP posed good QoL for mild depression while all other types had neither poor nor good QoL. Conclusion: A hidden issue in every parent is that CP children are the misfortune of their fate that increases their level of depression and consequently decreases their QoL.

Suočavanje sa stresom i mentalno zdravlje zatvorenika

Prison is a high stress environment where an individual's mental health can be seriously affected (Mansoor et al., 2015). The way prisoners cope with stress is an important factor in examining the impact of the prison environment on their mental health (Gullone et al., 2000). The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between prisoners' coping strategies and their mental health within the framework of the health theory of coping (Stallman, 2020). The study was conducted on a sample of N=125 male prisoners who were in the Diagnostic Department of the Diagnostic Centre in Zagreb (M=40.08; SD=11.97). The Multidimensional Coping Scale (Duhachek, 2005) and DASS-21 (Lovibond &amp; Lovibond, 1995) were used. Participants were also asked to rate the intensity of emotions they had experienced in the past week. The results show that only unhealthy coping strategies make a significant contribution to explaining prisoners' anxiety, while both healthy and unhealthy coping strategies contribute to explaining prisoners' depression. The results do not confirm the premise of the theory that the frequency of using stress coping strategies is negatively associated with the intensity of experiencing unpleasant emotions. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical framework and their practical applicability.

Psychological factors associated with exercise self-efficacy in the recipients of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Insufficient exercise affects the health of patients who have implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between exercise self-efficacy (ESE) and its associated psychological factors in ICD recipients. This cross-sectional study included individuals who had undergone ICD implantation at the cardiology department of a medical centre in Taiwan. A face-to-face survey was conducted. The survey questionnaire included questions regarding the participants' demographics, perceived health (PH), ICD shock-related anxiety (ICD-SRA), self-care self-efficacy (SSE), perceived exercise benefit (PE-benefit), perceived exercise barrier (PE-barrier), and ESE. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 Software. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were also performed to evaluate the predictive effects of the aforementioned factors on ESE. A total of 52 ICD recipients were enrolled. ESE was negatively correlated with ICD-SRA (r = -0.511; p < 0.01) and PE-barrier (r = -0.563; p < 0.01), but positively correlated with SSE (r = 0.339; p < 0.05) and PE-benefit (r = 0.464; p < 0.01). The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that PE-barrier, PE-benefit, and ICD-SRA effectively predicted ESE in the participants. ESE may be improved by overcoming PE-barrier, ICD-SRA and enhancing PE-benefit. Consequently, improving ESE may enhance the health benefits of exercise.

History of establishment and formation of andrology &amp; urology department of the endocrinology research centre

This article presents main historical moments of formation and evolution of Andrology &amp; Urology Department of the Endocrinology Research Centre, since its establishment in 2016. The mission of the present scientifical and clinical subdivision is organization of medical aid for males with sexual and reproductive disorders caused by endocrinopathies. The crew of the Andrology &amp; Urology Department provides scientific researches of hormonal and reproductive impairment among ageing males, testosterone replacement. This historical and analytic review presents you biographical datas and graphic materials about leaders of the Departments in the period from the 1960 until 2024. The authors dedicate the present article to teachers and scientific supervisors.