Research Department Research Articles

The informed consent process: An evaluation of the challenges and adherence of Ghanaian researchers.

This study assessed challenges faced by researchers with the informed consent process (ICP). In-depth interviews were used to explore challenges encountered by Investigators, Research assistants, Institutional Review Board members and other stakeholders. An electronic questionnaire was also distributed, consisting of Likert-scale responses to questions on adherence to the ICP, which were derived from the Helsinki Declaration and an informed consent checklist of the US Department of Health and Human Research (HSS). Responses were weighted numerically and scores calculated for each participant. The median score of the level of adherence to the informed consent process was 93%. Most of the respondents (60%) cited the lack of time for the ICP to be a challenge, with 65% indicating a lengthy consent document to be the main challenge with the informed consent document. Challenges with language and communication were the dominant theme among informants. Despite the high adherence of Ghanaian researchers and research assistants to the ICP, challenges are still prevalent, requiring diligent and continuous efforts in research implementation.

Co‐producing ethics guidelines together with people with learning disabilities

AbstractBackgroundWe are a research team of clinical, academic and advocacy‐based researchers with and without learning disabilities, working on the Humanising Healthcare (for people with learning disabilities) project. The project is dedicated to finding and sharing healthcare practices that enhance the lives of people with learning disabilities. As part of our ethics applications to access National Health Service study sites for fieldwork, we worked together to write guiding principles for co‐producing research ethics with researchers with learning disabilities. In this paper, we introduce these Participatory Ethics Good Practice Guidelines and reflect on our collaboration.MethodsWe reflect on developing the Participatory Ethics Good Practice Guidelines. These guidelines were developed during online co‐production meetings with our full research team, including advocacy‐based organisation researchers, clinical researchers and university researchers. We considered consent, understanding research, and understanding research methods during the development of these Guidelines.FindingsWe present ten guidelines for co‐producing research with people with learning disabilities.ConclusionsOur findings may be helpful to researchers with learning disabilities, university and clinical researchers, funders, and those who work in research governance (e.g., ethics committees and university research departments).

The role of registries in improving health and bridging healthcare, research, education, innovation and development: a research department perspective.

Health registries are organized systems that collect data on individuals with a particular disease, condition or exposure. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an integrated perspective from the Research Department at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, on how health registries can be used as a bridge between healthcare, research, education, innovation and development while addressing ethical challenges. The review includes a description of the experience of a registry implemented at our institution, which has provided healthcare for 170 years, and is committed to support, education and research. We focus on the potential of health registries to provide better value healthcare by reducing healthcare costs and improving health outcomes and quality of care, and to improve medical knowledge. However, we also acknowledge and discuss the challenges that accompany these achievements, such as that of ethical issues. Through effective collaboration and integration with other healthcare stakeholders, health registries can be a powerful tool to promote better health.

Postinjury Outcomes After Non-Sport-Related Concussion: A CARE Consortium Study.

Concussion research has primarily focused on sport-related mechanisms and excluded non-sport-related mechanisms. In adult populations, non-sport-related concussions (non-SRCs) demonstrated worse clinical outcomes compared with sport-related concussions (SRCs); however, investigations of non-SRCs in college-aged patients are limited. To examine clinical outcomes in collegiate athletes with non-SRCs compared with SRCs and explore sex differences in outcomes among collegiate athletes with non-SRCs. Prospective cohort study. Clinical setting. A total of 3500 athletes were included (n = 555 with non-SRCs, 42.5% female) from colleges or universities and service academies participating in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Dichotomous outcomes (yes or no) consisted of immediate reporting, mental status alterations, loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, motor impairments, delayed symptom presentation, and required hospital transport. Continuous outcomes were symptom severity, days with concussion symptoms, and days lost to injury. Data were collected within 24 to 48 hours of injury and at return to play. Adjusted relative risks (ARRs) compared the likelihood of dichotomous outcomes by mechanism and by sex within patients with non-SRCs. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used to assess group differences in continuous variables. Athletes with non-SRCs were less likely to report immediately (ARR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.81) and more likely to report delayed symptom presentation (ARR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.32), loss of consciousness (ARR = 3.15, 95% CI = 2.32, 4.28), retrograde amnesia (ARR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.22, 2.57), and motor impairment (ARR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.84). Athletes with non-SRCs described greater symptom severity, more symptomatic days, and more days lost to injury (P < .001) compared with those who had SRCs. Within the non-SRC group, female athletes indicated greater symptom severity, more symptomatic days, and more days lost to injury (P < .03) than male athletes. Athletes with non-SRCs had worse postinjury outcomes compared with those who had SRCs, and female athletes with non-SRCs had worse recovery metrics than male athletes. Our findings suggest that further investigation of individuals with non-SRCs is needed to improve concussion reporting and management.

НАЧАЛО АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ АРХЕОЛОГИИ В БАШКОРТОСТАНЕ

During the post-war period, archaeological research was rapidly advancing in the Soviet Union. After the All-Union Archaeological Conference in 1945, the Moscow Branch of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (henceforth IHMC) became the main center for archaeological research and organizer of field studies throughout the USSR. At a meeting of the Department of History and Philosophy in 1951, together with a plenum of IHMC and the USSR Academy of Sciences, a decision was made to expand archaeological research across all regions of the country. An archaeological team is forming at the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of History, Language, and Literature, which was part of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1951. In 1953, a sector of history, archaeology, and ethnography was created, and archaeological expeditions were launched. Initially, field research was conducted as part of the Bashkir Archaeological Expedition under the leadership of IHMC. Since 1957, independent archaeological units have been formed. In 1959, a department of archeology and ethnography became part of the IHLL. The same year, a collection of articles dedicated to archaeological studies in Bashkortostan were published for the first time. In 1978, an independent sector of archaeology appeared, the successor of which is the Department of Archaeological Research currently operating as part of the IHLL. Thus, in 2023–2024 it will be 70 years since the beginning of archaeological research in the IHLL. It is also the anniversary of the beginning of systematic academic research of the territory of the Southern Urals and the design of Ufa as the center of archaeological research in the region. In addition to documentary evidence of the formation of the archaeological structure in the IHLL, the article provides statistics on archaeological expeditions in the territory of Bashkortostan. An analysis of these data shows that, between 1955 and 1963, units organized by academic institutions of the IHMC (Institute of History of Material Culture) and IHLL dominated among them. Due to active fieldwork, by 1970, information had been obtained on 2,059 archaeological sites located within the BASSR and data on these sites had been systematized into the academic catalog “Archaeological Map of Bashkiria.” In general, the mid-1950s to 1960s can be characterized as the period when a systematic archaeological survey was being formed on the territory of Bashkortostan. The main focus of this process was the IHLL

Histological Changes Of Bee Worker (Apis mellifera L.) By Bee Venom And Amino Acids Feeding

The effect of feeding honey bee colonies on a sugar solution to which ‎bee ‎venom has been added at a concentration of 5‎‏0‏‎ mg/liter sugar solution ‎and on amino ‎acids extracted from clover 4 cm amino acids/liter sugar ‎solution on the amount of ‎food consumed by honey bee workers as well as ‎the effect on gland tissues ‎Hypopharyngeal and maxillary glands and ‎histological changes that occur in them. ‎Nine honeybee colonies were tested in an apiary of the Bee Research ‎Department, Plant Protection ‎Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, ‎Ministry of Agriculture, ‎Giza, Egypt, during 2020-2021. Statistically, there are no significant differences in the amount of food consumed by honeybee workers, whether the bee venom solution or the amino acid solution, ‎compared to ‎the control colonies that fed on the sugar solution only. No histological changes were observed in the ‎hypopharyngeal (HPGs) and mandibular‎ ‎glands (MGs) in workers fed sugary solution (control colonies). Feeding ‎with ‎amino acids resulted in histological ‎changes in the HPGs and MGs, ‎ as most of the ‎acini were atrophic and smaller ‎in size than usual, with the loss of vesicles in the ‎cytoplasm. As for the bees ‎that fed on a solution of bee venom, histological changes ‎ in the HPGs and ‎MGs were observed, where severe atrophy and contraction of the ‎acini with ‎an irregular outline were noted. Nuclear thickening of the ‎‎epithelial cell lining was observed. The histological structure of the lower glands ‎showed ‎atrophy in some individual cells, which led to damage to the ‎development of both the ‎HPGs and MGs.‎

So You Want to Do Trauma Research? A Practical Guide to Creating a Research Program at Your Home Institution.

There are 3 pillars upon which the foundation of a teaching program in health care is founded: research, education, and clinical care. However, in a busy academic trauma practice, the unfortunate reality is that research is often a low priority in the frenzy of mandates for clinical productivity. The purpose of this report is to advise hospitals on how to create a modest trauma research program that supports research interests without significantly impacting the overall clinical productivity of the department. Relevant literature related to the development of an academic trauma research department was reviewed. Relevant articles were then compared to this manuscript to assess the novelty of the topic. There are 4 essential components of a trauma research program: (1) a zealot, (2) institutional commitment and support, (3) a statistician, and (4) registry data access. The creation of a trauma research program may seem like a herculean effort, but this work is necessary for institutions hoping to achieve status as a Level I/II trauma center. Following the steps outlined in this report, trauma providers can create a robust research program at their institution without sacrificing clinical productivity.

PRD: An integrated database solution for medicinal and aromatic plant research in pharmaceuticals and toxicology

Research in medicinal and aromatic science laboratories often involves isolation, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural sources, particularly those with potential applications in medicine and healthcare. A wide range of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, in vitro – in vivo bioassays, and also toxicity tests to investigate the chemical and biological properties with the safeties of these compounds, and to understand how they interact with biological systems at the molecular level.However, many different species, and different test results creates a great challenge to keep track of results even within one research laboratory.In this study, we introduce a practical offline database and software program for recording medicinal and aromatic science experimental results in laboratories. The program uses a familiar input file, (Microsoft Excel), so users do not need to learn a new software. By implementing a standardized data recording system and evidence file for each plant, even if the same plant has different synonyms, different parts, and originates from different regions, all data can be collected and accessed through a single platform. This system allows for the integration of experimental results, including chromatograms, spectra, images, etc., and facilitates data management and analysis.The presented database provides a significant advantage by allowing immediate access to pertinent information regarding laboratory experimental results during collaborative efforts with diverse research groups and departments. It’s always-on data archiving features will prevent any experiment replications and also eliminates the potential loss of time during the data evaluation process.

ÉMIGRÉ ECONOMISTS IN AMERICA: THEIR IMPACT AND THEIR EXPERIENCES

I first visited the United States in September 1980 when I spent two weeks at the New School for Social Research in New York. The main reason was the first personal meeting with Adolph Lowe (1893–1995), with whom I had been in close contact since spring 1977 when I got my PhD in economics from the University of Kiel. Lowe had built up a new department for research on business cycles and international statistical economics at the Kiel Institute of World Economics since April 1926, which soon acquired an international reputation (Hagemann 2021). The group included such outstanding economists as Gerhard Colm, Hans Neisser, Fritz (Frank) Burchardt, and for some years also Wassily Leontief and Jacob Marschak. None of them remained in Germany after the Nazis’ rise to power in 1933. Lowe had moved to the Goethe University in Frankfurt in October 1931, where he was dismissed after three semesters. Like many other émigré economists, he first went to Great Britain (Hagemann 2007), where he became an honorary lecturer in economics and political philosophy at the University of Manchester. In summer 1940 he moved further to New York where the Graduate Faculty of the New School had been founded as the “University in Exile” by Alvin Johnson, and Emil Lederer became the founding dean in 1933.1 Thus, in contrast to Colm, Lowe, as well as his lifelong friend Marschak (both were supervisors of Franco Modigliani’s New School PhD thesis) and Neisser were not members of the Mayflower generation.

Taxation and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria

The study examined the linkage between taxation and socio-economic development in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design using secondary data collected from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Planning, Research and Statistics Department, National Bureau of Statistics and Federal Inland Revenue Service bulletins. The study focused on a five year time series study from 2017 – 2021. The study was anchored on the socio-political theory of taxation and the study methodology involved the review of extant literature on two groups of taxes: oil and non-oil taxes and how they are used to bring about socio-economic development proxied by GDP expenditure at constant purchase prices. The review revealed that tax revenue had positive relationships with socio-economic development, but they are grossly inadequate to meet up with GDP expenditures. The study concluded that tax revenues are under generated in relation to crude sales. It was recommended that among others that the government should engage in a complete re-organization of tax administrative machinery to reduce poor documentation of tax receipts, incidence of tax evasion and avoidance to the barest minimum to improve tax revenue and bring more taxpayers into the tax radial in order to enhance socio-economic development.

Key informants perspectives on creating a high impact research department in family and community medicine: a qualitative project.

Primary care is integral to the health system and population health. Primary care research is still in development and most academic departments lack effective research investments. High impact primary care research programs are needed to advance the field to ensure a robust primary care system for the future. The project objective was to understand key informants' views of structures, functions, and processes required to create a high impact research program in an academic primary care department. A descriptive qualitative project with key informants from research programs in primary care. Participants included international research leaders in primary care (n = 10), department of family and community researchers (n = 37) and staff (n = 9) in an academic primary care department, other university leaders (n = 3) and members of the departmental executive leadership team (1 department; 25 members). Semi-structured interviews (n = 27), and focus groups (n = 6) were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. We used a socioecological framework which described micro, meso, macro levels of influence. At the micro level despite barriers with respect to funding, protected time and lack of formal mentorship, personal motivation was a key factor. At the meso level, the organizational structure that promoted collaboration and a sense of connection emerged as a key factor. Specifically research leaders identified a research faculty development pipeline based on equity, diversity, inclusion, indigeneity, and accessibility principles with thematic areas of focus as key enablers. Lastly, at the macro level, an overarching culture and policies that promoted funding and primary care research was associated with high impact programs. The alignment/complementarity of micro, meso, and macro level factors influenced the creation of a high impact research department in primary care. High impact research in primary care is facilitated by the development of researchers through formalized and structured mentorship/sponsorship and a department culture that promote primary care research.

'The knowledge I acquired at Ifsi and the support provided during the course helped me to develop my career plan'

This interview explains how internships and nursing training institute training form part of a professional project. The nurse, who is committed to the development of her profession, talks about her first job in a clinical and research department at the Toulouse Oncopole. She stresses the importance of providing students and young graduates with sympathetic support. It's all about mobilizing resources for building skills, for nursing sciences and, ultimately, encouraging them to develop professionally.

Protocol of a scoping review of outcome domains in dermatology

IntroductionCore outcome sets (COSs) are agreed outcomes (domains (subdomains) and instruments) that should be measured as a minimum in clinical trials or practice in certain diseases or clinical fields. Worldwide,...

Is the h-Index Enough? A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of 871 Academic Plastic Surgeons and Their Departments/Divisions.

In plastic surgery academia, research output is heavily used as a metric of accreditation, from assessing residency applicants to evaluating faculty for promotion. The h index, defined as an author's h papers with at least h citations, is commonly used as a measure of academic success. However, the index itself disfavors junior researchers, favors publication quantity, and discounts highly cited works. Given the importance of bibliometrics within plastic surgery, there is a paramount need to adopt additional metrics to measure research productivity. The authors sought to validate the use of time-independent bibliometrics to complement the h index in measuring citation impact. The genders and academic titles of plastic surgeons affiliated with US plastic surgery programs were recorded. Author publications were retrieved from Scopus. Bibliometrics software was used to calculate the following metrics per surgeon: h index, e index, and g index. Time-adjusted versions of these indices were used to correct for the number of years since first publication. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) are reported. Departmental ranks were determined using the cumulative sum of time-corrected indices and compared with Doximity departmental research rankings. P < 0.05 was deemed significant. Indices were calculated for 871 academic plastic surgeons in 85 departments/divisions. Men had statistically greater h index (median, 13.0 [IQR, 7.0-21.0] vs 6.0 [IQR, 3.0-13]; P < 0.001), e index (18.3 [IQR, 10.0-28.7] vs 11.1 [IQR, 5.5-18.4]; P < 0.001), and g index (23.0 [IQR, 11.0-39.0] vs 11.0 [IQR, 5.0-22.0]; P < 0.001) than women. Professors had the highest median time-uncorrected indices. After adjusting for the number of years since an author's first publication, there were no significant differences in m quotient (men: 0.66 [IQR, 0.40-0.98] vs women: 0.57 [IQR, 0.33-0.90]; P = 0.05) and ec index (men: 0.93 [IQR, 0.62-1.3] vs women: 0.87 [IQR, 0.50-1.3]; P = 0.08) between genders. Departmental chairs had significantly higher indices than other faculty after correcting for time. The calculated program rankings were low to moderately correlated with that of Doximity (correlation coefficient τ = 0.49 [95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.59; P < 0.001]). Men and women have statistically similar citation patterns after correcting for the time. Citation differences between academic levels are less pronounced when controlling for time, suggesting comparable research quality between academic roles.

Investigation of a transient increase in omphalocele prevalence in a birth cohort of TRICARE beneficiaries.

The Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research (BIHR) program leverages medical encounter data to conduct birth defect surveillance among infants born to military families. Omphalocele is a major abdominal wall defect with an annual prevalence of ~2 per 10,000 births in BIHR data, but an unexpected increase was observed during 2017-2019, reaching 6.4 per 10,000 births in 2018. To investigate this transient increase in prevalence, this study aimed to validate the omphalocele case algorithm among infants born 2016-2021. Omphalocele cases were identified by ICD-10 code Q79.2 (exomphalos) on one inpatient or two outpatient infant encounter records and validated using parental and infant electronic health records. Characteristics of true and false positive cases were assessed using bivariate analyses and compared over time. Of 638,905 live births from 2016 to 2021, 230 met the ICD-10 case definition for omphalocele; 138 (60.0%) cases were eligible for validation, of which 68 (49.3%) were true positives. The geometric mean time from birth to first ICD-10 omphalocele diagnosis was 1.1 (standard error [SE] 0.1) days for true positives and 11.9 (SE 3.1) days for false positives. Among the 70 false positives, 36 (51.4%) were cases of confirmed umbilical hernia; rates of umbilical hernia and delayed omphalocele diagnoses (>30 days after birth) were elevated among false positives during 2017-2019. Higher misuse of ICD-10 code Q79.2 during 2017-2019 likely influenced the associated increase in omphalocele prevalence. Timing of diagnosis should be considered for omphalocele case definitions using medical encounter data.

Improving staff retention in the research and development department sections of NHS hospitals in the United Kingdom: A systematic review

Background: This study undertook a comprehensive examination of the imperative task of improving staff retention within the National Health Service (NHS) Research and Development (R&amp;D) sector in the UK. The motivation stemmed from the observed decline in staff retention over the years, posing a significant threat to the continuity of healthcare research and innovation. Aim: The primary objective of this systematic review was to elucidate impactful measures aimed at enhancing staff retention within NHS R&amp;D. The study recognized the critical role of sustained staff commitment in preventing disruptions to research projects, ensuring efficient resource utilization, and maintaining the retention of crucial knowledge, research quality, and impact. The overarching aim was to mitigate the potential hindrances to the progress of medical advancements. Method: Conducted as a systematic review, the study employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting checklist. The research followed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) format to frame research questions systematically. A meticulous search and screening process was employed to identify relevant studies, and data synthesis methods were utilized to draw meaningful conclusions from the selected literature. Conclusion: The study concluded by emphasizing the critical need to address staff retention issues within NHS R&amp;D sections. The systematic review supported a comprehensive and tailored approach, urging the NHS to invest in its researchers, create a supportive work environment, and prioritize the physical and mental well-being of staff. By implementing these evidenced-based strategies, the NHS can effectively enhance the retention of its research talent, thereby fostering ongoing healthcare innovation and improvement. The findings presented in this study contribute to a detailed understanding of staff retention issues within R&amp;D sections, providing a valuable foundation for future initiatives in this crucial domain.

Инновационные разработки для сельского хозяйства в регионах ДФО: сотрудничество вузов и сельхозтоваропроизводителей

Abstract. For many regions of the Far East, the commercialization of scientific developments in agriculture is primarily associated with creating interest in innovative products of medium and small producers, such as Peasant Farms (PF) and Personal Subsidiary Farms (PSF), which constitute the main share of agricultural producers in the Far East. Methods of systematic and abstract analysis, synthesis, which served as a basis for application and identification of cause-and-effect relations in solving the problems of promotion of innovation development in agriculture in the region. The system of innovation promotion for medium and small producers on the example of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy is considered. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a model of involving small and medium agricultural producers in innovation activity by promoting innovation development of universities. In the article, there is a description of the project of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy on promotion and popularization of agro-innovations, which has been adopted for implementation. As a result of this project, structure responsible for commercialization of innovative products, design and prototyping of innovative agricultural products have been created in addition to the traditional research departments of the university. The proposed model is aimed at generating interest in innovations among the main producers of agricultural products in the region – private farms and household farms, which currently shun innovations due to the prevailing opinion about the high cost of production and promotion of innovative products. The article describes the mechanism for the formation of interaction channels for testing innovative agricultural products, informing manufacturers about the results of testing, reducing risks for business and the process of promoting innovative developments of the university through the involvement of small and medium-sized agricultural producers.

Impact of Hydrogel Polymer on Water Productivity, Weed Control Efficiency and Yield of Broadcast-Seeded Rice

A field study was investigated at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research Department, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 to study the capability of hydrogel polymer application under different irrigation intervals and chemical weed control on water conservation and weed control under Egyptian broadcast-seeded rice (Giza 179 cv). A strip spit design with three replicates was used during the study. Three irrigation intervals (irrigation every 5 days (I1), 10 days (I2) and every 15 days (I3) were randomly devoted in horizontal plots, hydrogel polymer at rate of 20 kg ha-1 as compared to normal soil (zero hydrogel) were assigned in vertical plots, while three weed control treatments (thiobencarb at 2.38 kg ai ha-1 at 9 days after sowing (DAS) followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium at 0.038 kg ai ha-1 + halosulfuron-methyl at 0.036 Kg ha-1 applied at 25 DAS (W1), Thiobencarb at 2.38 kg ai ha-1 fb cyhalofop-butyl at 0.286 Kg ai ha-1 + halosulfuron-methyl at 0.036 Kg ha-1 applied at 25 DAS (W2) as compared to un-treated weedy check plots (W3) were allocated in endo/sub-sub plots. Results showed that irrigation every 10 and 15 days saved about 26.4% and 35.8% of applied water, respectively, while the yield reduced by 31.8% and 56.1% respectively compared to irrigation every 5-days as average of the two seasons. The lowest dry weights of grasses and total weeds were recorded of I1, while C. difformis weed was absent under I3 during 2020 and 2021 seasons. Hydrogel polymer application conserved about 14.8% of applied water and improved rice grain yield by 16.5% as well as increased water productivity to be 0.48 kg m-3 compared to 0.32 kg m-3 for without hydrogel treatment. Hydrogel encouraged C. difformis appearance while decreased grasses and total weeds compared to without hydrogel. Sequential herbicides application W1 recorded the best weed control against grasses, C. difformis and total weeds in addition to higher WCE (91.9%) against total weeds consequently produced the highest values of rice dry matter, yield and its attributes during both seasons of study. The interaction of I1 x hydrogel x W1 achieved the highest grain yield (10.11 t ha-1) with same significance for I1 x without hydrogel x W1 (9.75 t ha-1), while I2 x hydrogel x W1 recorded the highest water productivity (0.78 kg m-3) and produced 7.63 t ha-1 of rice grain yield by increasing of 20.7% than I2 x without hydrogel x W1 as average for 2020 and 2021 seasons.

Rapid Appraisal on Farming Systems for Nutrition of Farmers by Using GIS through UAV Data

The conventional farming systems of Meghalaya largely aim at food security with a major focus on productivity, profitability, sustainability and stability. Nutrition security therefore has to be addressed by both availability and accessibility of nutrient-rich foods at the household level, which is central to Farming System for Nutrition (FSN). The present scientific inquiry with research objectives of to conduct rapid appraisal on food and nutritional security of farmers by using GIS through UAV data has been performed in the three adopted villages of the research project—DHaBReT at Bhoirymbong C&amp;RD block, Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya. A Descriptive research design and Mixed-method sampling procedure were followed in the study. Fifty four (54) respondents have been identified from three villages, namely (i) Thadnongiaw, (ii) Kdonghulu, and (iii) Liarkhla from Bhoirymbong C&amp;RDB of Ri-bhoi district of Meghalaya. Performance of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) using UAV data could ascertained that about 38% and 73% of arable land had aspect toward North-West (very low sunshine) and situated in a steep location, wherein administration of improved scientific agriculture was a challenge. Therefore, the study recommends that agricultural research institutions and department of agriculture, state government etc. should take prime initiatives in order to incept FSN to farmers of Bhoirymbong, Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya.

E-commerce Industry Supply Chain: Status, Problems and Countermeasures

In recent years, the e-commerce industry has been developing rapidly, and at the same time, the quality level of e-commerce industry development is limited by the level of supply chain technology development. As a result, the development of supply chain technology has become the core of the driving force for various enterprises to pursue development. This paper analyses the supply chain status quo of e-commerce industry, finds the problems of excess inventory leading to backlogs, high loss rate of goods leading to waste of resources, and negative impacts caused by failure to deliver on time, and proposes the establishment of perfect supply chain management norms, the establishment of incentives, and the establishment of a research department; the use of cold chain transport, multi-modal transport, the use of automated systems, the establishment of inventory systems, the upgrading of technology, the enhancement of training, regular inspection and maintenance of equipment; the enhancement of management and management of equipment. Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment; strengthening management, improving risk control, establishing a supply network, optimizing routes, and improving service quality are some of the solutions.