Department Of Geodesy Research Articles

To the Sixteenth Anniversary of the Chkalovskaya Research and Training Base of the State University of Land Use Planning

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the scientific and educational base “Chkalovskaya” of the State University of Land Use Planning. The most important moments in the history of the creation and development of the educational base are considered in this paper, as well as the traditions of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformatics that have developed over the years. The authors also describe the festive events such as the student geodetic relay race “Geo-Youth-2023”.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN CARTOGRAPHY DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE OF UKRAINE: STATUS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article is dedicated to the research of the current state, identification of urgent issues, and outlining the nearest prospects for the development of educational services in the field of higher education training in cartography in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the authors chose a comprehensive set of general scientific and special methods that constitute its methodology: analysis and synthesis, deduction, classification, and informational. A systemic approach has been applied at all stages of the research as a method for effectively organizing the study of the domestic higher education system in cartography. The universities in Ukraine that are currently involved in the training of professionals with higher cartographic education at existing levels have been identified. The indicators of the graduation of cartography specialists from the Department of Geodesy and Cartography at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv from 1992 to the present have been analyzed in terms of quantity (914 individuals in full-time and part-time forms of education), educational degrees obtained (master’s — 440; specialist — 372; bachelor — 102), and gender (407 males and 507 females). Additionally, it was determined that during the investigated period, 41 PhD in geographic cartography were trained in the country, 35 of whom, together with 8 doctors of science, currently contribute to the further training of necessary specialists for the country. The article also characterizes the content of educational programs for cartographers at the bachelor’s and master’s levels, identifies existing problems, and formulates directions for their solution at the institutional and local levels. The main contribution of this research lies in emphasizing the necessity to enhance the quality of education for professionals with higher qualifications in cartography as a strategic specialization and profession for Ukraine, taking into consideration the national security and defense tasks.

Pedagogical approaches in modern geodesy and integrating earth measurement techniques into STEM education

Relevance. In the context of an increasingly dynamic and interconnected world, the integration of geodesy into STEM education has emerged as a crucial domain for nurturing a comprehensive understanding of Earth�s intricate spatial dynamics. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of pedagogical approaches in modern geodesy and to investigate the process of integrating advanced land surveying methods into the educational structure of Kosovo. Methodology. The study utilizes content analysis, functional and historical approaches, induction, and comparative analysis to examine Kosovo's higher geodesical education, focusing on the University of Prishtina's Geodesy Department from 2003 to 2023. Results. This study highlighted the significance of cultivating a robust geospatial skill set among students to address pressing global challenges and promote sustainable development. This research highlighted the key role of innovative learning strategies and experimental learning methods in improving the landscape of geodesy education. This paper offered a blueprint for designing an inclusive and dynamic curriculum that fostered a profound understanding of geospatial concepts while fostering a culture of scientific inquiry and critical thinking. Conclusions. The research presents the changes in the Department of Geodesy over the years, both in terms of study program accreditation and curriculum adjustments to align with labor market needs. It also highlights the department's participation in European Union projects, which has significantly elevated the quality of education. Keywords: accreditation; curriculum; study program; European projects; students

Разработка концепции интерактивного атласа «История развития кафедры инженерной геодезии»

The authors describe the work at an interactive atlas concept, reflecting the historical facts of formation and development of the Engineering Geodesy Department. The onset of the atlas is associated with the use of advanced geoinformation and web technologies. Creating digital maps was carried out in the software environment QGIS (version 3.26.3), distribution using web browsers in the programming languages HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP. The source of the information for making thematic maps was archival materials, resources of the library fund, video libraries, open data of evidence and participants in the educational process, findings from websites and geoportals. The atlas is divided into 7 sections

Вища геодезична освіта у Львові до 1880 року (хронологія передісторії виникнення кафедри геодезії Львівської політехніки)

The events of the emergence and development of higher geodetic education in Lviv are described in chronological order, starting from the establishment of the Department of Mathematics at the Lviv (Jesuit) Academy in 1744, where practical geometry was then taught, to the establishment of the Department of Geodesy and Spherical Astronomy at the Lviv Polytechnic in 1871 .and the opening of an astronomical observatory at it in 1880. The contribution to the development of education and science by the brightest representatives of the teaching staff of various nationalities is described, and the drawings of the textbooks prepared by them are given

PBeL—A Novel Problem-Based (e-)Learning for Geomatics Students

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning had to be increasingly implemented at universities, and more e-learning formats had to be applied. The LBS2ITS project carried out under the lead of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation at TU Wien (TUW), Austria, came at the right time for these tasks. Education in Location-Based Services (LBS) is put to a new level including interactive e-learning and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) pedagogy. In the courses modernization, special attention is paid to the development and/or update of the courses to be implemented with these two pedagogic forms. Thus, teaching with an emphasis on learning outcomes is a central theme in the LBS2ITS project. To achieve this goal, the active verbs used in updated Bloom’s taxonomy for teaching on learning outcomes, i.e., remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating, are applied to achieve the six levels of thinking and the active nature of learning. LBS2ITS will build a fully immersive and integrated LBS teaching and learning experience with the LBS application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in mind. The outcome will be an innovative digital learning environment supporting synthetic and real-world PBL learning experiences. In the course of the project, a workshop for introduction of these new developments was held. This paper provides an insight into the results and experiences from this workshop. As e-learning and PBL must be combined and integrated nowadays, the new term PBeL (Problem-Based e-Learning) is proposed and introduced in this paper. The development of this approach and background information on the theory and the LBS2ITS project are presented.

ВЕБКАРТОГРАФУВАННЯРОЗВИТКУ КАФЕДРИ ГЕОДЕЗІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА»

This article is review and informative. A web application was created from a series of maps that provide the user with information about the 150-year history of the department of geodesy of Lviv Politechnic National University. With the help of maps, you can get the necessary information about the scientific-pedagogical and auxiliary staff of the department. In this paper the information was processed and a database was created in the tabular editor Microsoft Excel, which was used to create an interactive web maps of the scientific-pedagogical and auxiliary staff of the Department of Geodesy ofLviv Polytechnic National University.The methods of cartographic representation are described, in particular, the method of localized icons and the method of cartograms that were used in layout of interactive web maps. The algorithm of stacking and editing is described step by step and in detail interactive web maps and creating a web application with a series of such web maps.A series of interactive web maps related to the geography of teachers was obtained Department of Geodesy of the Lviv Polytechnic National University, localized by their place of birth. Most of the teachers who once worked or currently work at Department of Geodesy, were born in Lviv region and studied at Lviv Polytechnic Institute or the Lviv Polytechnic National University.The result of the research was a web application with a series of maps: "Map of the heads of the Department of Geodesy of the Lviv Polytechnic (1871-2021)", "Map of the employees of the Department of Geodesy of the Lviv Polytechnic (1871-2021)", "Map of the scientific, pedagogical and auxiliary staff of the Department of Geodesy 1991/92 academic year", "Map of scientific-pedagogical and auxiliary staff of the Department of Geodesy 2021/22 academic year".

Об учете осадок фундаментов и отклонений опор от вертикали в расчетах сооружений башенного типа

The paper presents the results of field experiments which were carried out by the Department of Metal Structures and the Department of Geodesy of the Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute in 1978-1980 aimed at the study of the 42.0 m high radio towers with displacement of foundations. The results indicate the need to carry out calculations taking into account the physical nonlinearity of soil deformation in the tasks of studying the joint operation of structures and foundations of tower-type structures. There has been carried out an assessment of displacement of power transmission line supports` position from the vertical axis and foundations of supports for the stress-strain state of structures.

Использование БПЛА Geoscan 201 для съемки линейного объекта трассы Хива–Ургенч

The aim of this work is to perform a linear aerial survey of the Khiva–Urgench highway using the Geoscan 210 UAV, the results of which will create orthophotomaps at a scale of 1:1 000, which are necessary for designing bicycle and sidewalk paths along this route. Surveyors of the Applied Geodesy Department of UZGASHKLITI performed a field planned-altitude reference at this object. 48 control points were determined. Characteristic solid contours along the route were chosen as reference points. The binding of control points was carried out from the starting points of the State Geodetic Networks, using satellite receivers (SN 5242498595, 5243499034, 4827155394) in the RTK mode in a radial way, by the calibration method on the ground. The coverage area was 17.4 sq. km. Aerial photography was carried out at a height of 211 m by a Geoscan 201 unmanned aerial vehicle at a scale of 1:500 with a DSC RXIR digital camera with a focal length of 35 mm. Forward overlap of aerial photographs was 70 %, and lateral—50 %. 4 aerial routes were made at this facility, the photography basis was 42 m. The number of aerial photographs at the facility was 3 868 pieces, and the coverage of aerial photography was 300 m. The images and their EXIF files were georeferenced by performing field processing using the Geoscan Planner program. Before the start of field work, the GNSS receiver (Trimble R6) was installed at a known point on the ground and started in static mode (10 Hz). The aircraft has a GNSS receiver (Topcon) operating in fast static mode (10 Hz). The GNSS data on the ground and on board the aircraft are balanced. Image center coordinates are calculated from the base station GNSS receiver data using MAGNET Tools software. Then the data is imported into Agisoft Metashape software for automatic processing. In this case, the coordinates of the image centers were recalculated from the WGS-84 system into the SK-42 (Pulkovo 1942) system adopted in our country. The process of optimization and alignment of aerial photographs was carried out. After that, in order to obtain a high image quality, the orthophoto map was built using a height map built on the basis of a dense point cloud. The result of the work performed are orthophoto maps for the Khiva–Urgench highway, which will be used to design the location of bicycle and sidewalk paths.

О преподавателях НИИГАиК – участниках Великой Отечественной войны

Currently, Western politicians are focused on revising the causes and outcomes of the Second World War, one of the manifestations of their revisionist activities is an attempt to hold the Soviet Union responsible for the outbreak of the Second World War. The introductory part of the article gives a brief historical insight into the international events preceding the war, revealing the real responsibility for undermining the collective security system in Europe of the countries of "Western democracy". To liberate Europe from fascism fell to the lot of the Red Army, in which both teachers of the NIIGAiK and students of the institute called up to the active army served. Among the students of the first post-war years there were many participants of the Great Patriotic War, some of whom remained in teaching after graduation. The article describes the specific military achievements of the Institute's employees on the war fronts, provides brief information about their post-war activities within the walls of NI-IGAiK. The article gives the information about military service: Rector of NIIGAiK Rodionov S.I., heads of the Engineering Geodesy Department Chernikov V. F. and Konusov V. G., Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Buzuka V. V., first Chairman of the Council of War Veterans of the Institute Pod-korytova A. N. and other university staff.

FERN.Lab: Bridging the gap between remote sensing academic research and society

Technology transfer (TT) between academia and industry is an important source of innovation and economic development and is becoming increasingly relevant across a diversity of research fields. Successful TT depends on effective communication between academic and external partners. This is best facilitated by an academic intermediary who can provide meaningful interactions. An academic intermediary can ensure expertise and knowledge are communicated using a common language and that goals and expectations are clear between partners. In the field of remote sensing where complex technologies, datasets and analyses are required to develop user friendly products, intermediaries play a particularly essential role. The rapid expansion of the remote sensing sector over the last decade, including sensor technologies and the volume of freely available data, has created a bottleneck between available data and technology and ready to use products. In an effort to address this bottleneck and establish a long-term innovation platform and thematic TT infrastructure, FERN.Lab, Remote Sensing for Sustainable Use of Resources Helmholtz Innovation Lab was founded at the Geodesy Department of the German Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in January 2020. FERN.Lab is funded by the Helmholtz Association, the largest scientific organization in Germany. The goal of FERN.Lab is to facilitate TT and deliver remote sensing products to commercial and non-commercial partners by acting as an expert intermediary platform. FERN.Lab will improve the TT activities of GFZ from two distinct approaches. The first is a “pull” approach where tailor-made technologies are developed for and funded by external third parties. The second is a “push” approach where existing departmental technologies with high market potential are promoted. The pull and push of technologies to external partners is accomplished by a set of competencies and services delivered by the core FERN.Lab team. Competencies include business development, scientific development, software development, and public relations which directly address institutional, financial and skills gap that can cause the TT process to fail. By implementing a robust TT framework for remote sensing products, the impact of research has the potential to be much broader and farther reaching. Additionally, these efforts can improve the acceptance of remote sensing outside of academia improving and modernizing methods used in diverse sectors which in turn can benefit not only individual partners but also politics, society, and the environment. As application-oriented innovation platform, with a close interaction with partners and customers, FERN.Lab will be a crucial part of modern TT at GFZ.

Dimension Reduction in fMRI Images based on Metaheuristic Algorithm to Diagnose Autism

Department of Geodesy and Surveying Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran , h.hasani@tafreshu.ac.ir

Contemporary status of topographic mapping in Ukraine

Abstract The fundamentals and contemporary status of topographic mapping of Ukraine’s territory has been studied. Prior to declaration of Ukraine’s independence, its territory was covered with 1:10,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale topographic maps made by sub-divisions of the Chief Department of Geodesy and Cartography affiliated with the Council of Ministers of the USSR (GUGK USSR) and sub-divisions of the Military Topographic Service (MTS) of the USSR Armed Forces. Topographic mapping related cooperation between these institutions has been described. Topographic study of Ukraine’s territory as at 1991 has been subject to close analysis, with due consideration of the coordinate systems used for topographic maps. During the first years after Ukraine’s independence declaration topographic maps in Ukraine were made according to the previously effective Soviet instructions in the 1942 coordinate systems and 1977 Baltic height system. Since mid 1990s, Ukraine enjoyed transition from analog technology of making topographic maps to digital one. The contemporary legal and statutory support of topographic mapping in Ukraine has been studied; the implementation since 1 January 2007 of the UCS-2000 national geodetic reference coordinate system and the height system measurement works have been analyzed. Focus has been made on obsolescence of information of contemporary topographic maps and on extensive deprivation of secrecy for topographic maps in 2000s. Critical for the development of topographic mapping in Ukraine is now the Law of Ukraine “On National Geospatial Data Infrastructure” adopted in 2020. The Topographic Service of the Armed Forces (TS AF) of Ukraine carried out big scopes of works to update the topographic maps related to Russia’s military operations against Ukraine.

РОЗВИТОК ТОПОГРАФІЧНОГО КАРТОГРАФУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The basic principles and current state of topographic mapping of the territory of Ukraine are considered. Prior to the proclamation of Ukraine's independence, its territory was covered by topographic maps in the scale of 1:10 000 to 1: 1 000 000, created by the Main Department of Geodesy and Cartography under the USSR Council of Ministers and the Military Topographic Service of the USSR Armed Forces. The interaction of these departments in topographic mapping is highlighted. The topographic study of Ukrainian territory as of 1991 is analyzed in detail. Today the content of most topographic maps of scales from 1:10 000 to 1: 200 000 is characterized by "aging" of information and does not correspond to the current state of the area. The unsatisfactory state of topographic study of the territory led to the unclaimed topographic maps with much outdated information for consumers, and for the military it very difficult to perform combat tasks. The needs of current topographic information users require a significant improvement in topographic maps content. Since the mid-1990s, the creation of national geospatial data infrastructures has become crucial for providing spatial information to the state and society. The basic principles and general requirements for the creation and updating of state topographic maps are now defined by the "Procedure for national topographic and thematic mapping" (2013). The adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data", giving a powerful impetus to topographic mapping, poses a responsible task of organizational and regulatory and technical support of this process. The issue of obtaining topographic maps from the topographic database requires scientific and technical elaboration, development of appropriate normative and technical documents (guides, principles, instructions, symbols, etc.).

РОЛЬ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОГО НАУЧНОГО ОБЩЕСТВА КАФЕДРЫ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ НИРС В ВУЗЕ

The article shows the role of the student scientific society in attracting students to research work at the university. On the example of the student scientific society "Geosphere" of the Department of Geodesy, Physics and Engineering Structures of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Altai State Agrarian University, a mechanism for involving first-year students in research work is presented. The structure, organization, directions and forms of work of the circle, the main projects being implemented, are also given, an assessment of the results of its activities and the most significant achievements are given. The positive role of the student scientific society in increasing the effectiveness of research work of students at the university is noted.

Sir Anthony Seymour Laughton. 29 April 1927—27 September 2019

Anthony (Tony) Laughton was an oceanographer who promoted the science of oceanograpy in Britain. Focusing on the shape of the seafloor, his work included underwater photography, ocean drilling, long-range side-scan sonar and scientific charting of the ocean floor. Following undergraduate studies at King's College, Cambridge, he joined Maurice Hill (FRS 1962) at the Cambridge Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, beginning a career in marine geophysics. Following his PhD, he spent a year at Lamont Geological Observatory, USA, where he met many leading US workers, and became interested in deep-seafloor photography and bathymetric mapping. Returning to the UK, he joined the National Institute of Oceanography (Institute of Oceanographic Sciences from 1973) at Wormley, Surrey, and became director in 1978. He developed the first UK seafloor camera, was an enthusiastic supporter and user of the revolutionary Precision Echo Sounder and later of the GLORIA long-range side-scan sonar. He played a significant part in the International Indian Ocean Expedition, subsequently developing a new understanding of the Gulf of Aden. A consummate committee man, he had a vital role in reviving the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans and promoted UK involvement in the international Deep-Sea Drilling Project. He was an accomplished amateur musician (playing French horn), small-boat sailor and handyman.

Determination of Vertical Refraction in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Classical methods for determining vertical refraction have been developing for more than 300 years, but their accuracy does not correspond to the accuracy required in solving most modern scientific and applied problems (e.g., altitude transmission). This is because they are based on the assumption that the optical properties of the atmosphere do not change during the entire period of measurements. However, the atmosphere is continuously in turbulent motion. As a result, its optical properties are constantly changing randomly, which leads to a change in refraction. However, this atmospheric property is not taken into account in classical methods for determining refraction. New dynamic (turbulence) methods for determining refraction were proposed in the late 1960s. The research carried out at the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Academy of Sciences of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1980s???1990s, as well as at present by OOO Geodeziya i Stroitel???stvo and the Department of Geodesy of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography in Moscow, confirms the high accuracy of these methods.

Peter Chadwick. 23 March 1931—12 August 2018

Peter Chadwick studied mathematics as an undergraduate at the University of Manchester, graduating with first-class honours in 1952, from where he moved to Cambridge and completed a PhD on the thermal history of the Earth in the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics under the supervision of Dr Robert Stoneley. His research then developed to focus primarily on the propagation of waves, and he made a major contribution to the mathematical theory of elastic wave propagation and became a world-leading authority in this area. He also made fundamental advances in the modelling of the thermo-elastic properties of rubberlike materials. At the University of East Anglia, where he was a professor for 26 years, he was the driving force behind the development of a research group in theoretical mechanics in the School of Mathematics and Physics, leading by example and supporting and encouraging fellow faculty members, especially the younger staff, academic visitors and students. He gave considerable service to the University of East Anglia in a number of capacities, including a period as Dean of the School, and to the scientific community, through substantial journal editorial activities and as a member of several national and international committees.

Determining and determinable factors influencing the size of zone of land-use restriction

Authors appreciate fruitful discussions with colleagues from the Department of Geodesy of Dnipro University of Technology and the Department of Land Management and Cadastre of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. All suggestions during discussions were considered and additionally justified.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВЕЛИЧИНИ Й ТОЧНОСТІ СТАЛОЇ ВІДДАЛЕМІРА ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО ТАХЕОМЕТРА ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ПРИВ’ЯЗКИ ДО ПОДВІЙНОГО СТІННОГО ГЕОДЕЗИЧНОГО ЗНАКУ

Urgency of the research. Now manufacturers of geodetic instruments supply a variety of geodetic equipment to the market. An important place in this assortment belongs to electronic range finders. They combine in their design a goniometer, an electronic rangefinder and a processor that allows to solve various geodetic tasks based on the measurements. Target setting. To ensure reliable data on the measured distance, it is necessary to periodically determine the constant correction of the range finder of the electronic total station. This is especially true in the case of measuring distance using a reflector from an electronic total station of a different brand. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The method for determining the constant correction of the range finder of an electronic total station based on the results of binding to a double geodetic wall sign is described in [1]. The technology of measurements and the formula for determining the constant are shown. An unexplored parts of a common problem. In continuation of the topics given in [1], it is advisable to carry out a practical implementation of the method for determining the constant correction and establish its accuracy. The research objective. The main goal of this article is to determine the constant correction of the range finder of an electronic total station based on the data obtained from the results of binding to a double geodetic wall sign, and also to calculate its accuracy. The statement of basic materials. The approbation of the technology for determining the constant correction of the range finder of an electronic total station for the results of measurements made during binding to the double wall sign of the city polygonometry of Chernihiv is presented. The Trimble 3305 DR total station and reflector for binding to wall signs, developed at the Department of Geodesy, Cartography and Land Management of the Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, were used. As a result, a constant correction value of +22.6 mm was obtained. Formulas for calculating the mean square error of the constant correction for various options for binding to a double wall sign are derived and calculations are performed using these formulas. Conclusions. The developed technology was tested for determining the constant correction of the range finder of an electronic total station according to the measurement results obtained during binding to a double wall sign. Formulas are obtained and calculations are performed to determine the mean square error of the constant correction of the range finder of an electronic total station