Department Of Ecology Research Articles

Victoria L. Sork—Recipient of the 2020 Molecular Ecology Prize

Victoria L. Sork—Recipient of the 2020 Molecular Ecology Prize

Growth, cultural and morphological characteristics of strains of Laetiporus sulphureus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) under the influence of laser irradiation

The article provides growth, cultural and morphological characteristics of the vegetative mycelium on agar nutrient medium under the influence of laser irradiation for three strains of Laetiporus sulphureus from the Collection of basidiomycete cultures of the Department of Botany and Ecology of Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University. The study was performed on potatoglucose agar (PGA) at a temperature of 26 ± 1 °C. It has been found that cultural and morphological characteristics of the colonies and the radial rate of their growth depend on the duration of irradiation (5 and 10 s) and the wavelength of light – green (532 nm), blue (405 nm) and red light (635 nm). For all studied strains of L. sulphureus, the most effective irradiation is that with green light (irradiation energy 51.1 mJ/cm2) lasting 10 s. Under the influence of this regime, the rate of radial mycelium growth increased from 23.4% to 66.7%, respectively, and the inoculum and the central zone of the surrounding colony formed a denser and higher mycelium of a pale sandy color. In general, the cultural and morphological features of the mycelial colonies of L. sulphureus strains under different conditions were somewhat different, but they were typical for this species.

INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF WATER MINERALIZATION ON THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN MUSHROOMS

The current ecological condition of forest plantations has been characterized by high anthropogenic load as a result of population activity. The consequences of the human impact have been manifested in the disturbance of natural landscapes, air pollution, hydrosphere, destruction of the lithosphere, uncontrolled depletion of forest resources, resulting in a decrease and extinction of a huge number of species of animals and plants. In the result of various industries’ work chemical compounds have been formed, which have been transformed into the biosphere and enter all living organisms. Therefore, there are serious problems in the relationship between nature and man. The human impact on the environment is extremely powerful and it is obvious that the biosphere as a result of this impact loses the ability to self-regulate and it does not allow it to function properly. One of the current environmental problems that threatens plants, animals and human health and the quality of the environment is heavy metal pollution. These substances gradually enter plants, animals and humans through the air, water and food chain over a period of time [4]. Toxicity of metals has a direct effect on flora, which is an integral part of ecosystems. These effects lead to changes in the biochemical, physiological and metabolic processes that take place in plants that grow directly in areas with high levels of heavy metals. Samples of edible forest mushrooms were taken on the territory of forests of Tyvriv, Vinnytsia and Kalyniv districts in the Forest-Steppe of the Right Bank of Ukraine. Studies of the concentration of heavy metals were performed in the research and measurement agrochemical laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry on the basis of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd of the studied fungi were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry mineralization. Studies of the effect of cooking on the concentration of heavy metals in mushrooms were carried out according to the following scheme: 1. control option: mushrooms, cleaned and washed with tap water; 2. option 1: mushrooms soaked for 3 hours in water without mineral residue; 3. mushrooms soaked for 3 hours in water without mineral residue with the addition of salt (1 kg of mushrooms – 1 liter of water and 10 g of salt). The effect of soaking mushrooms in water without mineral residue with the addition of salt was studied. It was found that when soaking mushrooms for 3 hours in water without mineral residue, the concentration of zinc in them decreased: from 1.02 to 1.37 times; copper - from 1.14 to 1.5 times; lead - from 1.09 to 1.13 times; cadmium - from 1.3 to 1.5 times. When soaking mushrooms for 3 hours in water without mineral residue with the addition of salt, the concentration of zinc in them decreased: from 1.23 to 1.28 times; copper - from 1.2 to 1.36 times; lead - from 1.31 to 1.38 times; cadmium - from 1.41 to 1.6 times.

Toward Better Estimates of the Cost of Climate Change Mitigation: Guidelines for Studying Potential Health Benefits.

Toward Better Estimates of the Cost of Climate Change Mitigation: Guidelines for Studying Potential Health Benefits.

Investigating Flocculation Capacities of Different Cations and Their Implications for Soil Structure and Sustainability

A laboratory exercise was developed for the study of the effect of three cations (Al, Ca, and Na) on the flocculation and dispersion of soil particles. The exercise was designed for Soil Science undergraduate students in the second-course in the Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Sciences department at the University of Vigo. The students’ exercise consisted of the addition of different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, or AlCl3 to a kaolinite water suspension and to an agricultural soil water suspension (a more complex system). The most relevant results showed that for the same cation concentration (equiv L-1), the effects on increased flocculation of colloidal material followed the sequence Al > Ca > Na, for both kaolinite and agricultural soil; that is, aluminum is the cation with the highest flocculation capacity, while Na is the cation with the lowest one. These differences are important for the sustainability of agricultural soils, since flocculation in soil systems is a key factor to sustain a suitable soil structure, and therefore, for suitable air and water fluxes in soils. Moreover, the differences in flocculation capacities of different cations should be taken into account in the fertilization programs during the selection of fertilizers (in relation to composition), in order to avoid irreversible problems for the soil structure. The experimental results obtained by students were highly satisfactory, showing experimental values similar to those previously found by the teachers. According to postlab surveys, the students were highly satisfied and in favor of the laboratory exercise developed from both sides, the didactic point of view and the importance of the exercise for the understanding of soil science concepts.

Probiotics and metabolism in aquaculture

Associate Professor Yousuke Taoka, from Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences at the University of Miyazaki, is conducting research that connects basic microbiology with applied microbiology, focusing on the basic physiological ecology and capabilities of microbes. He hopes to harness their capabilities for industrial applications centred on the three pillars of food, aquaculture and substance production. Inspired by the ideal of disease prevention, Taoka is involved in research into the use of probiotics in building the next generation drug-free aquaculture system. In his recent work, he used a strain of Lactococcus to improve growth in amberjack fish.

Performance of Poultry Litter Based Compost on Morpho-Physiological Characters and Yield of T. Aman Rice and Soil Fertility

An experiment was carried out at the Research Field of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur from July to November 2018. The study evaluated the effects of poultry litter based composts on morpho-physiological, yield and yield contributing characters of transplanted aman rice (var.Binadhan-7, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan66) and soil fertility. The experiment was laid out in a two factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Factor A included three varieties (Binadhan-7: V1, BRRI dhan56: V2, and BRRI dhan66: V3) and factor B comprised of three fertilization levels viz. control (inorganic)-F1, poultry litter based compost 20 ton ha-1: F2, and 30 ton ha-1: F3. The performances of plant growth parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf number, leaf area, SPAD value, as well as yield and yield contributing parameters, and soil chemical properties were measured. Varieties and fertilizer levels significantly influenced most of the morphophysiological traits and yield and yield contributing characters. The tallest plant was recorded from V2 variety (BRRI dhan56). The highest leaf number hill-1 (80.89 at 30 DAT) was recorded from V3 (BRRI dhan66). The highest number of tiller was produced by the interaction of compost F2 (20 t ha-1) with V1 (Binadhan-7). The highest effective tiller number (13.67) hill-1wasrecorded from F2 (compost 20 t ha-1) with F1 (Binadhan-7) at maturity. The longest panicle (24.16 cm) was found in F1V1 (inorganic with Binadhan-7) treatment. The highest 1000-grain weight (23.57 g) was recorded from F3V3 treatment (compost-30 t ha-1 with BRRI dhan66). The maximum harvest index was recorded from F1 (inorganic) with BRRI dhan66. Soil fertility status increased with higher dose poultry litter based compost (30 t ha-1).
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 13-27

EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING AND CONDUCTING OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL INTERNET CONFERENCES “MODERN PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF STUDENTS” HEALTHY LIFESTYLE'

Objective: The purpose of this work is to summarize the experience of organizing andconducting international scientific and practical Internet conferences “Modern Problems of Formationof Students' Healthy Lifestyle” at the Belarusian State University. Material and research methods. Thework was carried out at the Belarusian State University at the Department of Human Ecology in 2020.The materials of Internet conferences held by the Department of Human Ecology on the electronicplatform for Internet conference sites were analyzed. Research methods: analytical, electronic databasecollection. We used the texts of reports of Internet conferences “Modern Problems of Formation ofStudents' Healthy Lifestyle”, comments on the Conference Forum, links to views of materials publishedin the Electronic Library of the Belarusian State University. The results of the study. The Internetconferences implemented by the Department of Human Ecology at the Faculty of Socio-culturalCommunication of the Belarusian State University allow you to define the most relevant problems andthe means of formation of healthy lifestyle of young people: low level of physical development due tothe negative influence of ecology; active forms of physical activities and the formation of a culture ofhealth among students are recommended as means of health promotions. It is important to note thatthe authors of the reports focus on the need to take comprehensive preventive measures to promote ahealthy lifestyle of students and the safety of the educational environment. Conclusions. With the riseof information technologies in the education system, some changes occur in the process of exchangingscientific information, obtaining knowledge, creating unique content in the field of problems offormation of student's healthy lifestyle. Telecommunications technologies and international scientificand practical Internet conferences are one of the appropriate ways to spread scientific achievements inthe field of introducing young people to a healthy lifestyle.

Molecular Identification of some isolates of Fungi Isolated from Al-Mishkhab Rice Field research station

This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science - College of Science - University of Kufa with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi isolated from the rice field at the Rice Research Station in Al-Mishkhab in Najaf Governorate. Fungi isolates were diagnosed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and nucleotide sequence determination for DNA products multiplied using the ITS1 and ITS4 prefixes. The results of analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the double DNA products of fungal isolates isolated in this study and using the BLAST program showed that some fungal isolates in this study refer to Pencillium citrinum (1), others belong to Alternaria alternata (2), Aspergillus rugulosus (3), F. chlamydosporum (4). Trichoderma harzianum(5) showed a difference in the sequence of some nitrogenous bases for DNA products. Aspergillus flavus (6), Penicillium Spinulosum (7). The results showed that two isolates of fungi isolates isolated in this study (Aspergillus rugulosus and Aspergillus flavus) were not registered formerly at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), so they were registered under the numbers MT356126 and MT358845.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING THE CULINARY PROCESSING OF MUSHROOMS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THEM

The samples of mushrooms were collected in the forestry of the village Tyvriv and the town of Kalynivka, Vinnytsia and Kalynivka districts, in the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies of heavy metals concentration were performed in the scientific agrochemical laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd of the studied mushrooms were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry after the dry mineralization. The research of the effect of culinary processing on the concentration of heavy metals in mushrooms were conducted according to the following scheme: 1. The control: mushrooms, cleaned and washed with tap water; 2. Option 1: mushrooms soaked in tap water for 3 hours and boiled in it; 3. Option 2: mushrooms soaked in the water without mineral residue for 3 hours and boiled in it; 4. Option 3: mushrooms soaked in distilled water for 3 hours and boiled in it. Summarizing the obtained results, it should be noted that the most effective way to reduce the concentration of lead and cadmium in mushrooms was the option of soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue. The most effective way to reduce the concentration of zinc and copper was Option 3, where distilled water was used. The influence of soaking and boiling mushrooms in different types of water is investigated. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in tap water for 3 hours, the concentration of zinc in them was found to decrease from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.0 to 1.2 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.09 to 1.16 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.16 to 1.25 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.8 to 2.0 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.75 to 2.0 times. When soaking mushrooms and boiling them in distilled water, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.13 to 1.18 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.2 to 1.29 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.22 to 1.28 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. Key words: mushrooms, concentration, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, distilled water, water without mineral residue, tap water, boiling of mushrooms.

Engaging students in planning for superfund site remediation and redevelopment

Communities with contaminated lands are also often the most vulnerable to the impacts of a changing climate such as sea-level rise, increased temperatures, and extreme storms and hurricanes due to socio-economic and historic reasons – some of the very factors that enable the creation of these contaminated sites in these communities. In spite of, and arguably because of, this double exposure and impact, the ability of these communities to clean up and reuse their contaminated lands has not kept up with their need. Researchers have often attributed this discrepancy to a lack of technical capacity and human resource. To address this lack, since January 2018, students enrolled in planning-related courses offered by the University of West Florida Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences have engaged with stakeholders on the redevelopment of superfund sites located in Pensacola, FL under the auspices of the USEPA's College Underserved Community Partnership Program. The engagement centered on the reuse of two of these superfund sites for the betterment of the stakeholders' socio-economies and their biophysical environments. I focus in this paper on four examples of engaging with students in planning for superfund site remediation and redevelopment. The examples are of engaging with county staff; collaboratively engaging with city staff and a private firm; engaging with county commissioners; and engaging with a private firm between two superfund sites over the course of one year. I highlight the contextual, unique needs, of each stakeholder group yet emphasize the applicable lessons across all four examples. I also focus on best practices to develop plans and outlines for mutually beneficial products and outcomes for both students and stakeholder groups in the process of land revitalization.

Lumpy Jaw in White-tailed Deer


 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lumpy jaw is a deer health problem that all deer farmers eventually face. It gets its name from the swollen jaws or cheeks and necrotic lesions it causes in and around the jaw bones of animals including white-tailed deer. The disease is considered a significant problem for deer farms in North America, where it is one of the most important production-limiting diseases and causes high rates of mortality in fawns. This 4-page fact sheet written by Juan M. Campos Krauer, Samantha M. Wisely, and Hannah M. Barber and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation explains how deer acquire lumpy jaw, how to spot it in deer, how to treat it, and how to prevent it in the first place.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Electricity Production by Photosynthetic Microorganisms

Download : Download high-res image (424KB) Download : Download full-size image Christopher Howe is Professor of Plant and Microbial Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1983 for work on the chloroplast genome of wheat. His lab continues to study chloroplast genomes, especially those of unicellular eukaryotes, but also works on photosynthetic electron transfer chains and the biotechnological exploitation of photosynthetic microorganisms. The lab has worked on direct electricity production by photosynthetic microorganisms since the early 2000s, with the joint aims of enhancing power output for real-world applications and understanding the underlying biology of the systems. Download : Download high-res image (250KB) Download : Download full-size image Paolo Bombelli is a research scientist in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Milan (Italy) and a visiting researcher in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge (UK). He obtained his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 2012 for work on the fundamental principles of photo-bio-electrochemistry. Since then, he has gathered around him a team of collaborators from several leading research groups, industrial partners, and non-profit organizations. By combining biology, materials science, and engineering, his long-term goal is to translate the fundamental principles of photo-bio-electrochemistry into practical applications.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) Double-blind • Conference submission management system: www.easychair.org • Number of submissions received: 121 • Number of submissions sent for review: 70 • Number of submissions accepted: 66 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 55 • Average number of reviews per paper: 1.92 • Total number of reviewers involved: 7 • Any additional info on review process: • Contact person for queries: Prof. Vasiliy Rud’ The Chef of Ecology department of All of Russian research institute of Phytopatology e-mail: Ecobaltica2020@mail.ru

Amelioration of Adverse Effect of Drought on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety BRRI Dhan28 through Application of Poultry Litter Based Compost

An experiment was carried out at the research field of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during January 2017 to May 2017 to evaluate the effects of poultry litter based composts on morpho-physiological, yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan28, a mega rice variety of Boro season in Bangladesh, under different water stress conditions. The plants were grown in pots, and the experiment was laid out in a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Factor A included three levels of fertilizer and compost amendments i.e. control (recommended inorganic fertilizer), compost (10 t ha-1) + inorganic fertilizer, compost (20 t ha-1) + without inorganic fertilizers, and factor B comprised of three water levels (continuous flooding, 100% field capacity and 75% field capacity). Different parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, proline content and yield contributing characters were measured during the experiment. Most of the measured parameters were significantly influenced by irrigation levels with different fertilizer and compost amendments. The highest plant height and leaf number per hill were found in the treatment of compost (10 t ha-1) + inorganic fertilizer with 100% field capacity, though the maximum tiller number were produced by the interaction of control with flooding irrigation. The total chlorophyll was observed more in flag leaf by the interaction of control with 100% field capacity. The Proline content was observed more in flag leaf by the interaction of control with 75% field capacity. Relative water content was found more with the interaction of compost (10 t ha-1) + inorganic fertilizer with 75% field capacity. The highest effective tiller number hill-1 was found from control (19.33) at harvest. It was also observed that irrigation with 75% field capacity produced the lowest effective tiller (15.89) hill-1 at harvest. The longest panicle length (23.12 cm) was observed with the combined effect of compost (10 t ha-1) +inorganic with 75% field capacity. Thousand grain weight was found highest (18.83 g) in the interaction of compost (20 t ha-1 + without inorganic) with 75% field capacity. The interaction of compost (20 t ha-1 + without inorganic) and flooding irrigation gave the highest grain yield (33.17 g pot-1), which was statistically similar to the treatment of compost (10 t ha-1 + inorganic) with flooding irrigation. The highest harvest index was found from compost (20 t ha-1 + without inorganic) with flooding irrigation.
 The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 42-55

Reform of the occupational safety management system

The issue of creating an integrated security system for industrial enterprises is commented on by R.A. Taranov, Cand. tech. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Ecology and Industrial Safety, MSTU named after N.E.Bauman, Moscow

Are Disinfectants for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Safe?

Are Disinfectants for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Safe?

In the Spotlight - Graduate Student.

Anyi Mazo-Vargas received the first place for a Graduate Poster Presentation at the 2019 meeting of the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology. She is also a recipient of a Cozzarelli Prize from the National Academy of Science, a GRFP-NSF and Cornell Provost Diversity Fellowship, and the LaMont C. Cole Award from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Cornell University. What got you interested in Biology? In a lot of ways, I got into biology by mere luck. I am a low income, first-generation college student. My mother finished high school when I was a teenager, and my father only went to elementary school. Hence, the goal set for me was to finish high school. When I did, I wanted to keep studying, and I loved the TV documentaries about wildlife, nature and medicine. I applied for a Biology degree because I did not see myself in anything else. I later discovered EvoDevo, and I knew it was for me during my PhD. What drew you to EvoDevo for your graduate degree? I applied to graduate school thinking more about the population genetics field. I joined a laboratory with a history of working with Heliconius butterflies. At that time, studies in Heliconius speciation and population evolution were coming out. From those studies, we learned that few candidate loci are driving the divergence between these mimetic populations. Then I got curious, what are these genes doing, what about the other species and genera of butterflies? What are the molecular mechanisms behind these fantastic phenotypical changes we see in nature? Then, it became evident to me that EvoDevo was the realm where I could approach these questions, especially with the implementation of CRISPR-Cas9 and the acquisition of epigenomic data from developing wings in Lepidoptera. How did you find your PhD advisor? I wanted to work with insects, for which a necessary amount of natural history was known. Using those parameters as a starter, I looked for papers, I developed a spreadsheet with faculty that I was interested in and then emailing them until I reduced my list to two people, including my current advisor, Dr. Robert Reed. Is your PhD proposal anything like your thesis? No, the proposal was in gene regulation, specifically cis-regulation between populations of Heliconius. However, I switched to work with distantly related species and the evolution of the cis-regulation architecture of the WntA gene. What leads your research: an experimental tool, the organism, or a question? It is a mix between the questions and the organism. I wonder all the time about the “how” and “why” questions that resulted in the phenotype. A lot of it is related to the developmental repatterning and evolution of novel traits. Then, there are moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), a megadiverse group of insects, with many fascinating morphological features (e.g., color patterns, wing tails, tympanate ears) with known ecological functions and selective pressures driving their diversification. They do have their limitations, but colleagues and I are working on getting genetic tools in the system to do more sophisticated experiments.

Calibration of aerial photogrammetry to estimate elephant seal mass

Marine Mammal ScienceVolume 36, Issue 4 p. 1347-1355 NOTE Calibration of aerial photogrammetry to estimate elephant seal mass Diana C. Alvarado, Corresponding Author Diana C. Alvarado dicalvar@ucsc.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-9977 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA Correspondence Diana C. Alvarado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060. Email: dicalvar@ucsc.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPatrick W. Robinson, Patrick W. Robinson orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-8347 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorNicolas C. Frasson, Nicolas C. Frasson Department of Ecology and Evolution, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel P. Costa, Daniel P. Costa orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-5782 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoxanne S. Beltran, Roxanne S. Beltran orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-1105 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this author Diana C. Alvarado, Corresponding Author Diana C. Alvarado dicalvar@ucsc.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-9977 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA Correspondence Diana C. Alvarado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060. Email: dicalvar@ucsc.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPatrick W. Robinson, Patrick W. Robinson orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-8347 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorNicolas C. Frasson, Nicolas C. Frasson Department of Ecology and Evolution, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel P. Costa, Daniel P. Costa orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-5782 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoxanne S. Beltran, Roxanne S. Beltran orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-1105 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 July 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12714Citations: 3 Funding information: ONR, Grant/Award Number: N00014-18-1-2822; Packard Ocean Science and Technology Endowment Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume36, Issue4October 2020Pages 1347-1355 RelatedInformation

Source apportionment of PM2.5 at two Seattle chemical speciation sites

ABSTRACT Positive Matrix Factorization analysis of PM2.5 chemical speciation data collected from 2015–2017 at Washington State Department of Ecology’s urban NCore (Beacon Hill) and near-road (10th and Weller) sites found similar PM2.5 sources at both sites. Identified factors were associated with gasoline exhaust, diesel exhaust, aged and fresh sea salt, crustal, nitrate-rich, sulfur-rich, unidentified urban, zinc-rich, residual fuel oil, and wood smoke. Factors associated with vehicle emissions were the highest contributing sources at both sites. Gasoline exhaust emissions comprised 26% and 21% of identified sources at Beacon Hill and 10th and Weller, respectively. Diesel exhaust emissions comprised 29% of identified sources at 10th and Weller but only 3% of identified sources at Beacon Hill. Correlation of the diesel exhaust factor with measured concentrations of black carbon and nitrogen oxides at 10th and Weller suggests a method to predict PM2.5 from diesel exhaust without a full chemical speciation analysis. While most PM2.5 sources exhibit minimal change over time, primary PM2.5 from gasoline emissions is increasing on average 0.18 µg m−3 per year in Seattle. Implications This study utilizes Positive Matrix Factorization to determine PM2.5 sources from chemical speciation measurements at two urban Seattle sites from 2015-2017. The paper reports PM2.5 source trends, and extends previous source apportionment analyses in Seattle to the present day. The study also quantifies diesel PM2.5 at a near-road site, and describes a predictive model that allows estimation of the contribution of diesel PM2.5 to the total measured PM2.5 at near-road sites across the country without a full chemical speciation analysis.