Dentate Margin Research Articles

Aneura marianensis sp. nov. (Hepaticae) of the Northern Mariana Islands

Aneura marianensis Furuki (Hepaticae; Aneuraceae) is described as a new species from the Northern Mariana Islands. The Northern Mariana Islands are part of the IzuMariana Archipelago, a chain of islands extending from temperate to tropical zones. The Northern Marianas have many endemic species, but the area remains poorly studied. A biological research expedition to this archipelago was conducted in 1992. I participated in it and made a field survey of the bryophytes. Among the bryophytes collected I recognized a new species of Aneura. ANEURA MARIANENSIS Furuki sp. nov. (FIG. 1-11) Affinis Aneurae blasioidi (Horik.) Furuki, sed differt thallis marginibus dentatis. TYPE: NORTHERN MARIANA ISLAND ALAMAGAN ISLAND. On west-facing slope, on soil in grassland, 500 m alt., with Riccardia graeffei, Furuki 10980 (holotype, CBM, = herbarium of the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba). Thalli medium-sized, prostrate, deep green when fresh, whitish brown in herbarium, mammillose on surface, emarginate to bifid at apices, dentate and weakly plicate to undulate along margins, sparingly branched; cross section convex above and concave below, linear, 6-10 cells (250-350 Itm) thick, winged (unistratose alar portion 4-7 cells wide) at margin; epidermal and marginal cells of thallus thin-walled, polyangular, 50-75 x 30-80 Am, 1/4-1/3 the inner cells in size; inner cells polyangular, 75-150 x 40-75 Am; oil bodies present in all cells of thallus, 15-30 per cell, translucent gray, globose to ovoid, 2.5-10 Am, with indistinct granules, usually aggregated at center of inner cells; mucilage hairs 4 rows on ventral surface of thallus, 50-75 ctm long, 20-25 tm thick; rhizoids scattered, restricted to less than 0.6 the ventral surface in width; gemmae unknown. Dioicous. Male branches irregular, sometimes similar to lateral vegetative branches; lateral wings obliquely spreading, 3-7 cells wide, 25-400 Ctm high; antheridial chamber irregular, 2 to many rows, aperture 100-200 tm diam., 2-3 cells between apertures; female branches short, lateral on main axis; paraphyses hair-like to clavate, to 400-700 tm high; calyptrae massive, smooth. Sporophytes not observed. PARATYPES: NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS. ALA AGAN ISLAND. On west-facing slope, ca. 500 alt., on oil in grassland, Furuki 10604, 10991 (cBM). The distinguishing characters of Aneura marianensis are 1) dentate margin of thallus, 2) wide unistratose wing of thallus, 3) mammillose dorsal surface of thallus, 4) wide irregular male branches, and 5) short female branches. Aneura marianensis Furuki is very closely allied to A. blasioides (Horik.) Furuki in having a mammillose dorsal thallus surface and irregular male branches, but this new present species is clearly distinguished from the latter by the dentate margin of its thallus. The margin of A. blasioides is entire, but near female branches it sometimes tends to be denticulate. A denticulate margin near female branches is often observed in some species of Aneura; however, the denticulation throughout the margin of the thallus is unique to A. marianensis. The unistratose wing of the thallus is more than 4 cells wide in A. marianensis, but that of A. blasioides is less than 3 cells (Furuki 1991). The wide unistratose wing is similar to that of A. maxima, but A. marianensis is 'This work is part of the results of a cooperative expedition to the Northern Mariana Islands supported by the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, and the Division of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Natural Resources of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 0007-2745/94/87-88$0.35/0 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.11 on Mon, 17 Oct 2016 05:28:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 88 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 97

Orchidaceae Dunstervillorum VI: New Pleurothallidinae from the Venezuelan Guayana

The following two taxa are proposed as new: Pleurothallis erebatensis and Trichosalpinx oxychilos. Both species are illustrated with plates by the late G. C. K. Dunsterville. Comments are provided on their relationships. During preparation of the treatment of the Orchidaceae for the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, we have detected the following undescribed taxa in the subtribe Pleurothallidinae. Pleurothallis erebatensis Carnevali & G. Romero, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Municipio Sucre, alrededores de Santa Maria de Erebato, 4'59'N, 64049'W, 360 m, feb. 1989, Elio Sanoja 2554 (holotype, PORT; isotypes, MO, VEN). Figure 1. Species haec P. aphtosae Lindley affinis, sed planta minore, ovario glabro, sepalis extus conspicue carinatis, minute papillosis non conspicue pubescentibus, intus glabrescentibus non verruculosis, dorsali base non atenuato, synsepalo versus apicem connatis, labello angustiore discrepat. Epiphytic herbs, caespitose to shortly creeping, erect to subpendent; rhizome covered with scarious sheaths. Stems (1.5-)3-8.5 cm long, terete, the basal /-/ clothed in a close-fitting tubular brown sheath. Leaves 5.5-9.5 cm long, (1-)1.3-1.8(-2) cm wide, fleshy-coriaceous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, erect on the stem, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, the midnerve sulcate, dorsally angled. Inflorescences 5-10 mm long, 1-5, successive or 2 or 3 simultaneously, erect or deflexed downward; peduncle very short and completely covered by a sheath at the base of the leaf; rachis completely covered by the floral bracts, 4NOVON 3: 18-21. 1993. 7-flowered; floral bracts ca. 2 mm long, fleshy, broadly cupuliform, apex acute, dorsally carinate. Flowers resupinate or not, dark brownish red, opening + simultaneously; pedicel 0.9-1.1 mm long, terete, ovary 1.2-1.5 mm long, glabrous, terete. Sepals thick-fleshy, 3-nerved, dorsally prominently carinate, finely papillose on both surfaces but more conspicuously so without, apices sharply mucronate; dorsal sepal 4.8-5 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, concave, oblong to elliptic-oblanceolate when flattened, acute, forming a hood over the column; lateral sepals connate for 5/6 of their length into a concave synsepal 4.9-5.1 mm long, when spread 4.3-4.4 mm wide, basally produced into a prominent mentum. Petals 2.4-2.6 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide, thin but fleshy, 1-nerved, oblanceolate to obtrullate, obtuse, margins in the apical half finely and irregularly erose, glabrous. Labellum 3-3.2 mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide in natural shape, 1.5 mm wide when flattened, 3-nerved, concave, narrowly oblanceolate in natural shape, becoming oblong-elliptic to elliptic when spread, rounded to obtuse, fleshy, thicker at middle, basally with a pair of minute, retrorse lobules, anterior margin erose-laciniate; disk covered with pubescence of hairs in transverse lamellalike rows, coarser in the apical half; callus composed of 2 submarginal, parallel keels with erose dentate margins, located in the middle '/3 of the labellum. Column 1-1.3 mm long, straight or ? arcuate; margins prominently winged, apically 3-lobed, basally produced into a conspicuous foot 1-1.3 mm long. Fruits 0.9-1.3 mm long, obliquely ellipsoid. (Subg. Acianthera (Scheidweiler) Luer, sect. Brachystachyae Lindley.) Pleurothallis erebatensis resembles several others in section Brachystachyae, and it is difficult to This content downloaded from 207.46.13.122 on Thu, 19 May 2016 05:43:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 3, Number 1 1993 Carnevali & Romero New Pleurothallidinae from the Venezuelan Guayana

Induction of fast-growing and morphologically different strains through intergeneric protoplast fusions of Ulva and Enteromorpha (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)

Isolated protoplasts of Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha prolifera were electrically fused. Treatment of protoplasts in 1% protease for 15–20 min prior to fusion enhanced fusion ability. Protoplasts from each fusion partner were mixed together in 1:1 ratio in low conductivity electrofusion solution at a density of 1 × 105 cells ml−1 before subjecting them to electrofusion. The protoplasts were aligned in AC field (1MHz, 25 V for 10–15 s) and subsequently fused by a high intensity single DC pulse of 250 V for 25 μs duration. Fusion buffer supplemented with 1 mM calcium and 1 mM magnesium yielded optimum fusion frequencies (about 18–24%). Entrapment of fusion treated cells inside agarose/agar plate facilitated marking and regeneration of fusion products. The regeneration patterns of fused protoplasts were similar to normal (unfused) protoplast development. Most of the regenerated plants from fusion products had a thallus similar to either U. pertusa type or E. prolifera type. Although some of the plants of the former were morphologically similar to U. pertusa, but most had a higher growth rate (1.9 to 1.5 times) than U. pertusa. Furthermore the thallus of some plants had a characteristic irregular and dentate margin, which was never observed in the parental type.

A new perennial Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae) from the western Cape

A new species of Nemesia endemic to the mountains around Piketberg in the western Cape is described. It is characterized by a perennial habit, ovate to widely ovate leaves with dentate margins, white flowers, and a short saccate spurless corolla tube with a prominent central invagination on the lower side.

Alterations in hair shaft morphology in the cretin rat.

Hair samples were obtained from rats rendered hypothyroid in utero, when these animals reached 35 days of post-gestational age. The hairs were examined by scanning electron microscopy at a point on the shaft 340 mu from the bulb. All hairs, in the anagen phase, when compared, indicated that cretin rats had thinner hair shafts, more closely spaced cuticle cells, and more cuticle cells per unit of hair shaft. The surfaces of hairs from cretin rats were coronal, acuminated, and had dentate margins. It is therefore apparent that congenital hypothyroidism in rats affects the density, thickness, and surface characteristics of the hair.

Chronic hidradenitis suppurativa of the anal canal. A surgical skin disease.

Obstruction of the outlet of the apocrine duct adjacent to the skin surface, with subsequent rupture into the intradermal plane, initiates the inflammatory condition termed "hidradenitis suppurativa." The chronic manifestations of the process, indicated by recurrent abscess formation, draining sinuses, skin fistulas, and an intense cicatricial response, usually affect the distal two thirds of the anatomic anal canal because the proximal portion is devoid of hair follicles and accessory glands. An anal fistula that lacks continuity with the cryptoglandular units of the dentate margin or intersphincteric space (or both) is suggestive of the presence of hidradenitis. The fistula of chronic hidradenitis suppurativa can be diagnosed by a track that originates in a pitlike scar, usually epithelialized, within the skin of the distal anal canal, which then progresses beyond the anal verge superficial to the internal sphincter muscle. A group of 30 patients have been followed up from one to seven years and are without evidence of recurrent symptoms in the anal canal.

A New Caudalejeunea from India

Caudalejeunea pluriplicata sp. nov. is described from Agumbe, Kar- nataka, India. It resembles C. lehmanniana (Gott.) Evans in most of its features except in its uniseriate first tooth of leaf lobule, highly dentate female bracteole, and pluriplicate perianth. The genus Caudalejeunea Steph. is represented in the Indian bryoflora by two species: C. cristiloba (Steph.) Gradst. (Gradstein 1974) and C. reniloba (Gott.) Steph. (Verdoorn 1934), both from the Andaman Is. In a recent collection made in April 1981 in Agumbe, Karnataka (Peninsular India), some plants were discovered that resemble C. lehmanniana (Gott.) Evans in most characters except in the occurrence of a uniseriate first tooth of the leaf-lobule, a highly dentate female bracteole, and pluriplicate perianth. The plants are, therefore, described as a new species. Plants green, irregularly branched by Lejeunea-type of branching, stem in cross section 0.12-0.14 mm in diameter, with 11-15 cortical cells and 17-26 comparatively smaller med- ullary cells having distinct trigones. Leaves 0.6-1.6 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, widely spreading, oblong or ovate-oblong, with postical margin almost straight or slightly convex, antical margin convex, apex rounded, obtuse, apiculate or acute; cells with distinct cordate trigones and intermediate nodular thickenings, arranged in diverging rows, basal cells 42- 70 x 22-42 g.m, median cells 22-45 x 19-33 g.m, marginal cells 8-22 x 8-17 g.m; oil- bodies 9-25 in each cell, homogeneous, spherical (ca. 3 gm in diameter) or elongated (3- 10 x 3 um); lobule triangular, 0.3-0.6 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, free margin revolute, teeth 2, first tooth large, ca. 4-5 cells long, uniseriate, second tooth reduced. Underleaves 0.3-0.8 mm long, 0.3-0.6 mm wide, distant or imbricate, orbicular, margin entire, apex rounded, retuse or bifid for '/6-'/8 of their length, basal portion with rhizoid pad. Mon- oecious. Male inflorescence on short lateral branch with 4-7 pairs of bracts, bracteoles present throughout the branch, bract hypostatic, almost equally bilobed, lobes 0.2-0.4 mm long, 0.1-0.3 mm wide, ovate-oblong, with entire margin and obtuse or subacute apices; lobule 0.5-0.6 mm long, ca. 0.1 mm wide, slightly extending beyond the keel at apex; bracteole ca. 0.1-0.3 mm long and 0.1-0.2 mm wide with entire margin and rounded-retuse apex. Female inflorescence on short lateral branches lacking in subfloral innovation, bract lobe 1.8-1.9 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, lanceolate, with dentate margin and acute apex; lobule 0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.1 mm wide, bracteole 1.7 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, obovate- oblong, bifid for 1/5-'1/6 Of the length, dentate at margin, 2-3 pairs of leaves and their corresponding underleaves posterior to the involucre intermediate in structure between 007-2745/82/329-331$0.55/0

Two new species ofCololejeuneafrom Peninsular India

AbstractTwo new species of Cololejeunea (sub-genus Lep tocolea), C. pandei sp. nov. and C. dentifolia sp. nov. are described from fudia. Both species are epiphyllous with ascending leaves. The former is characterized by uniseriate stylus, serrated margin of leaf, discoid gemmae on ventral surface of leaf-lobe with 2-3 mamillose cells and inflated perianthwith lateral winged plicae. The latter is characterized by dentate margin of leaf, leaf-cells with distinct trigones and intermediate nodular, thickenings, bidentate leaf-lobule and discoid gemmae with 4 mamillose cells.

Origin and Historical Aspects of Cyclamen persicum Mill.1

Abstract The genus Cyclamen is a member of the Primulaceae, yet speciation of individual members can be confusing. Cyclamen are very diverse, with several species widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean countries and others indigenous only to specific islands or mainland areas (2, 3). Their foliage is extremely variable. Within a single species leaves may range from orbicular to cordate with entire to dentate margins, and with or without gradations of silver-gray zonal patterns. Flowers may be scented or odorless and range in color from white to deep pink. They either precede or arise after the foliage and reach anthesis during autumn, winter or spring (3, 10). The species persicum is uniquely different in that its fruited peduncles haphazardly bend and twist instead of coiling back to the crown. The coiling may facilitate seed dispersal by ants, but C. persicum has lost the coiling characteristic even though it shares this dispersal vector (5).

The mouthparts and feeding behaviour of two species of hermit crabs

The mouthparts of P. novae-zealandiae and S. setosus are similar in construction, but differ in details of setation. These differences are related to particular feeding habits. S. Setosus is a suspension filter feeder, the antennae being modified to form sieves which actively sweep plankton from the water. Setation of the maxillipeds is modified for cleaning the antennae. Both species are detritus feeders and this is the major source of food for P. novae-zealandiae, the maxillipeds here bearing numerous stout setae with dentate margins. Neither species readily feeds on large food and it is suggested that S. setosus is less well adapted to do so.

THREE SPECIES OF SARGASSUM (PHAEOPHYCEAE) WITH COMPRESSED PRIMARY BRANCHES IN THE GULF OF THAILAND

Three species of Sargassum with compressed primary branches, S. binderi Sonder, S. oligocystum Montagne and S. swartzii (Turner) C.A. Agardh, have been described from the Gulf of Thailand. S. swartzii is the first record of this species from the coast of Thailand. A key for these three species and for each species descriptions have been completed. The clear distinction among these three species is clearly shown and discussed. S. binderi has slender lanceolate leaves, a dentate margin along the compressed stem of its vesicles, and clear spines along the whole margin of the flattened receptacles. S. oligocystum has broader lanceolate leaves with an acute to rounded apex, almost entire, spherical vesicles, and only few spines on the margin of the slightly compressed receptacles. S. swartzii has linear lanceolate leaves, pointed or crowned vesicles, and few spines neat the tip of its almost terete receptacles.

肛門括約筋保存直腸切断術

The guiding principles for the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the rectum have been established for many years. The Miles' procedure command general agreement by reason of its curability, and the sphincter preserving operation is not yet widely accepted in this country expect by Dr. Nakayama and some other surgeons.The controversy concerning preservation of the anal sphincter must be appreciated on the mode of speread carcinoma. Carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatics, by the blood stream and sometimes by the peritoneal implantation. Wide ane complete removals of the primary growth as well as the regional lymphatic metastases are axiomatic procedure in both technique.The fact that the retrograds spreads of the tumor within the rectal wall and via lymphtics are rather limited, is supported by experimental data and suggests that the anal sphincter can be preserved without decreasing the change of cure in many patients, in whom the lesions are not so advanced and lie more than 6 cm. distant to the dentate margin. Original operative technique in our clinic and the modification to prevent the mucous leakage from the reconstructed anus were presented.

Volvulus of the transverse colon.

Volvulus of the transverse colon constitutes one of the rarest forms of mechanical obstruction of the large bowel, and reliable radiologic documentation of such an accident occurring in a normally developed colon (excluding anomalies of rotation) is indeed unusual. Kallio (10), in 1932, collected 18 cases, including 2 from his own experience, and stated that, although uncommon, volvulus of this type was possible in the presence of an extremely redundant transverse colon whose flexures were in unusually close proximity; the torsion mechanism thus was similar to that occurring in the sigmoid. Kallio furnished an excellent review of the literature and the reader is referred to his paper for references to the earlier cases. The only subsequent contributions dealing with this condition are single case reports by Groth (8) in 1934, Melchior (13) in 1934, Martin and Ward (12) in 1944, Tabanelli (18) in 1947, Olivier and Libaude (15) in 1948, Murray (14) in 1950, and a report of 2 cases by Buenger (3) in 1954. Upon analysis of the descriptive and illustrative material in the papers of Melchior and Murray it is readily apparent that anomalies of rotation existed in their cases prior to the development of volvulus. Copies of roentgenograms submitted by Tabanelli strongly contradict the surgical impression of volvulus, since a barium enema study demonstrated filling of the transverse colon, including both flexures, without revealing unusual redundancy or obstruction. Possibly a redundant looplike right colonic segment was twisted at its base, as has been reported by Homans (9). Even this possibility cannot be accurately established from the radiographs shown. The cases of Groth, of Martin and Ward, and of Olivier and Libaude, appear to constitute duly authenticated examples of volvulus of the transverse colon. In the case of Groth, the diagnosis of axial torsion was established by preliminary barium enema examination demonstrating a funnel-shaped obstruction in the proximal half of the transverse colon just to the right of the mid-line, with a detailed study showing spiraling and crossing of mucosal folds at that site. This obstruction was overcome with some difficulty, with barium filling the proximal colon. The torsion was apparently reduced during expulsion of the enema and recurred a few days later. Groth considers this to be a physiological type of torsion, which on occasions may be associated with obstructive symptoms. The case of Olivier and Libaude showed a rounded termination of the barium column, with a dentate margin, at the site of obstruction in the distal transverse colon and a severely distended, redundant transverse colon proximally. At surgery a torsion of 180° was present.

II.—On an Aroideous Fruit from the Stonesfield Slate

I owe my acquaintance with this interesting fossil to Mr. S. Stutterd, who kindly forwarded it to me for my inspection. It is from the Stonesfield Slate, and is preserved in limestone, but is only a cast formed in the matrix left in the rock after the organism itself had disappeared. The core had been hollow, or composed of a more speedily perishable material than the parietes, and so it rapidily disappered, permitting the empty axis to be filled with fragments of shells and calcareous sand. Externally, the cylindrical fossil is formed of sub-quadrangular peltate plates, with irregular undulate dentate margins, the projections of each of which fit into the undulations of the surrounding plates, and are arranged in linear series. A transverse section (Plate VIII. Fig. 2b.) shows each of these external plates to be the closed termination of a short tube, that has in the transverse section a hexagonal form. These tubes are filled in with a darker material, which, unfortunately, is without structure, and any determination of the affinities of the fossil must depend entirely on the external form, and the arrangement of the parts. Of necessity, these are defective and unsatisfactory materials; nevertheless, the fossil seems to me to present so remarkable an appearance, and so close an approximation to a portion of the inflorescence of an Aroideous plant, that I do not hesitate to refer it to this family; and I entertain the hope that one result of this notice and the accompanying figure may be to draw some attention to the fossil, which seems to be by no means rare, and so supply the means for more completely establishing its affinities.