Dental Pieces Research Articles

Economic and Easy Manufacturing Method to Obtaining Dental Pieces

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Evaluation of the depth of the gingival surco after the use of the retractor 00 thread for class v restorations in patients attended at the Dental Clinic of the University of the Americas

Objective: To evaluate the depth of the gingival sulcus after the use of retractor thread 00 for class V restorations. Materials and Methods: For the present investigation, 84 dental pieces were evaluated in 46 patients, both men and women who attended the Clinic of the University of the Americas. Probing and control were performed at 72 hours to determine if it affected the retractor thread at the level of the gingival sulcus. Results: 64.29% of the pieces evaluated showed a change, while 35.71% remained in the normal standard. Regarding the differentiation of gingival biotypes, a greater change in the measurement of the gingival sulcus was obtained in patients with a thin biotype with 64.81% of the pieces evaluated in relation to the gross biotype with 35.19%. In the present study, the existence of bleeding at the level of the gingival sulcus was also determined at the time of the drilling: initial, middle and final. With bleeding results of 7.69%, 34.62% and 57.69% respectively. Conclusion: It was determined that there are significant differences with respect to the depth of the furrow presented in the initial, middle and final drilli ng, however the level of depth of the furrow was higher in the Middle Probe. This confirms that the use of the retractor thread a ffects the periodontium when performing the restorative procedure. In this study it was shown that 64.29% of the pieces evaluated were affected.

PREVALENCIA DE CARIES EN ESCOLARES DE CHIQUINTAD CUENCA 2016

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de caries dental mediante el índice CPOD en niños de 12 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: la metodología aplicada fue de tipo cuantitativo, el diseño fue descriptivo y la técnica observacional, retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 100 escolares de 12 años. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos EPI INFO 7.1, el diagnóstico fue realizado por operadores que estuvieron calibrados bajocriteriosdeCPOD.RESULTADOS:eltotaldeenfermosconlesióncariosafuedel77%yel23%seencontraronsanos. La prevalencia de lesión cariosa de acuerdo al sexo fue mayor en el sexo masculino con un 81%, mientras tanto que en el sexo femenino fue del 74%. Las piezas dentales que presentaron caries dental fueron 160 en el sexo femenino que equivalen al 76% y en el sexo masculino fueron 147 piezas dentales que presentarón caries dental, lo que equivale a un 74%; dientes perdidos en el sexo femenino fueron 4 piezas dentales, lo que equivale al 2% y en el sexo masculino fue 1 pieza dental, lo que equivale al 1%, dientes obturados fueron 46 en el sexo femenino, lo que equivale al 22% y 51 piezas dentales obturadas que equivalen al 26% en el sexo masculino. CONCLUSIÓN: Los escolares de 12 años de edad del sexo masculino presentaron una mayor prevalencia de lesión cariosa en relación al sexo femenino.

NECESIDAD DE TRATAMIENTO ENDODÓNCICO Y PREVALENCIA DE CARIES EN ESCOLARES DE 12 AÑOS EN LA PARROQUIA YANUNCAY CUENCA-ECUADOR 2016

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de necesidad de tratamiento endodóncico y la prevalencia de caries en escolares de 12 años en la Parroquia Yanuncay de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de evaluación clínica bucal en 130 escolares de 12 años en la Parroquia Yanuncay de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador 2016, esta muestra se calculó mediante fórmula en base a una población de 1398 escolares, se incluyeron pacientes con dentición permanente, fueron excluidos los que presentaron enfermedades sistémicas y malformaciones bucales, se utilizaron los criterios del índice de Pulpitis, Ulceras, Fístulas y Abscesos (P.U.F.A) para la necesidad de tratamiento endodóncico y los criterios epidemiológicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para la prevalencia de caries.Los observadores fueron calibrados por un especialista, los padres firmaron el consentimiento y los escolares dieron el asentimiento informado. Todos los exámenes bucales fueron desarrollados con luz natural y espejo bucal, previo a la hora de su refrigerio. RESULTADOS: La muestra presentó 50% de escolares de cada sexo; 7% del total de la muestra presentaron necesidad de tratamientoendodóncico,principalmenteporpulpitis;asímismodeltotaldeescolaresel5%requieretratamientoenunasola pieza dental y el 95% en 2 o más piezas dentales. El 39% de la muestra presentó caries. No existe diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de necesidad de tratamiento endodóncico ni en la prevalencia de caries entre ambos sexos (X2 p>0.05)

The Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome (BLTS): A novel deletion in chromosome 14q13.2-q21.1 expands the phenotype to humoral immunodeficiency

Genetic defects of NKX2-1 are classically associated with hypothyroidism, benign chorea and neonatal respiratory distress. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic pathogenesis of the “NKX2-1 triad” in a 10 year-old female presenting additional features barely described in the disorder. In the neonatal period, she presented with generalized hypotonia and respiratory distress, with later episodes of frequent wheezing. At 3 month-age developmental dysplasia of the hip was diagnosed and at 10 months, primary hypothyroidism was detected and treated. Subsequently, delayed achievement of developmental milestones and then subtle choreic movements of extremities were identified at 2 years of age. Furthermore, delayed teeth eruption and agenesis of some dental pieces, short stature and joint hyperlaxity were also noticed. At 10 years, a poor immune response to polysaccharide antigens and hypogammaglobulinemia, including all IgG subclasses were detected. Surprisingly, no mutations were identified in the complete coding region of NKX2-1 by PCR and Sanger sequencing. MLPA showed a de novo loss of gene dosage in all 3 probes located in NKX2-1 exons. A CGH-array identified a deletion of 3.32 Mb in chromosome 14q13.2-q21.1 containing 20 genes, including NKX2-1, PAX9 and two candidate genes (NFKB1A and PPP2R3C) involved in immune response. The Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome (OMIM#610978; ORPHA:209905) associated with other clinical phenotypes should suggest monoallelic deletions of chromosome 14 causing haploinsufficiency of NKX2-1, and other contiguous genes like PAX9 (hypodontia) or other dosage-sensitive genes in the chromosomal vicinity that emerge as candidates for hypogammaglobulinemia, mainly NFKBIA.

AN EVALUATION OF DENTAL FEATURES USED TO DISTINGUISH TYPOTHERIOPSIS CABRERA AND KRAGLIEVICH 1931, FROM PSEUDOTYPOTHERIUM AMEGHINO 1904 (MESOTHERIIDAE, NOTOUNGULATA): REAPPRAISALS AND PROPOSALS ABOUT THEIR SYSTEMATIC VALUE

The Mesotheriinae records in the late Neogene of Argentina are mostly grouped in two genera: Typotheriopsis and Pseudotypotherium. Both taxa were poorly diagnosed and/or based on juvenile specimens. Traditionally, the dental feature considered to distinguish them is the presence of a lingual groove in the last upper premolar. Other features were mostly dismissed or considered non-informative at a generic level. Based on this, we reanalyzed dental features in Typotheriopsis and Pseudotypotherium samples to evaluate their relevance in a taxonomic framework. This study brings new qualitative and quantitative tools to appraise diagnostic features present in fossil fragments and isolated dental mesotheriine pieces.

Cambio de posición del cóndilo dentro de la cavidad glenoidea en pacientes clase ii esqueletal con mordida profunda

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the change of position of the condyle within the glenoid cavity in class II patients with deep bite after the use of a fixed anterior Acrylic and Metallic bite plane, which will be done with a sample of the 20% of a universe of 100 patients from Clinic of the Postgraduate School of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Guayaquil to demonstrate the changes that occur in the temporomandibular joint resulting from the new position adopted by the condyle due to the new mandibular posture by the use of the bite plane. These patients will be evaluated through cephalometric radiographs that will be taken in the course of the use of the anterior bite planes until the contact of the posterior segment of the dental pieces has been achieved where the change of position of the condyle will be taken into account And thus determine the stability to be achieved in the treatment. The results that presented the patients in the change of position of the mandibular condyle that they used plane of previous bite Metallic was positive in 100% of them, arriving at the norm of 32 + -2; While 69.23% of patients who used the anterior acrylic bite plane had a positive change and 30.77% were negative; Therefore it is concluded that with the Metallic anterior bite plane, greater accuracy is obtained in the position change of the mandibular condyle.

AMS-14C analysis of modern teeth: A comparison between two sample preparation techniques

AMS-14C analysis of modern teeth has become important for forensic studies. 14C content in human teeth reflects the 14C atmospheric concentration during its formation and allows the calculation of the actual year of birth. Through AMS, it is possible to measure the 14C concentrations in a tissue with high precision. However, there is a debate about which should be the best fraction for teeth carbon dating: collagen or enamel. This work focuses on the results obtained from enamel and collagen extracted from Mexican people in order to compare them. Collagen from dental pieces donated from people older than 60-years-old have been included to understand the turnover process and usefulness of collagen to determine the date of birth. Our results indicate that when a single dental piece is available, enamel method allows the determination of the tooth formation date. Dating collagen of the same tooth helps to discriminate if the formation date belongs to the left or the right side of the peak bomb, but also corroborates, the ages obtained through enamel analysis.

Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina

An anatomical and taxonomic analysis of the mammalian record in the locality of La Poma in Salta Province, Argentina, is here presented. This record consists in two specimens exhumed in levels of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation referred to the middle late Eocene. The first specimen is represented by a partial skull preserving mostly the rostrum and some dental pieces and was identified as a member of Leontiniidae, although it does not bear enough information for generic or specific determination. The second specimen is represented by more complete material, preserving much of the dentition. It was identified as a new species of the genus Pampahippus, traditionally included in the paraphyletic family Notohippidae. The leontiniid here studied presents several plesiomorphic features identified in other taxa of northwestern Argentina, and this material represents a new example of a pre-Deseadan basal morphotype within the family. Regarding the new species of Pampahippus, it shows clear signs of rising hypsodonty, representing the first case for a notoungulate lineage in the Paleogene of northwestern Argentina.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:45D87764-5B63-4487-BAAC-74F8D490AE18

Tratamiento Odontológico en Paciente con Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad

El Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo más frecuentes en la infancia, presentándose hasta en un 12% de la población a nivel mundial. El TDAH se caracteriza por manifestaciones de hiperactividad, inatención e impulsividad, así como alteraciones en el sueño y daño en las funciones de ejecución.Presentación del Caso: Paciente femenino de 10 años de edad con diagnóstico de TDAH actualmente en tratamiento, y que padece fobia hacia los médicos, acude a consulta para valoración y atención odontológica, presentando lesiones cariosas en diversas piezas dentales y una pieza dental retenida (21).El tratamiento fue llevado a cabo utilizando técnicas mínimamente invasivas, con técnicas de manejo de conducta como Tell-Show-Do y reforzamiento positivo.Conclusión: El resultado fue altamente satisfactorio, ya que se logró elevar la calidad de vida de la paciente, disminuyendo sus niveles de ansiedad, logrando restaurar su cavidad bucal y mejorando el perímetro de arco, para así poder ser referida a tratamiento de ortodoncia, otorgándole un estado de salud bucal óptimo.

Digital Dentistry — 3D Printing Applications

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing method in which a 3D item is formed by laying down successive layers of material. 3D printers are machines that produce representations of objects either planned with a CAD program or scanned with a 3D scanner. Printing is a method for replicating text and pictures, typically with ink on paper. We can print different dental pieces using different methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and laminated object manufacturing. The materials are certified for printing individual impression trays, orthodontic models, gingiva mask, and different prosthetic objects. The material can reach a flexural strength of more than 80 MPa. 3D printing takes the effectiveness of digital projects to the production phase. Dental laboratories are able to produce crowns, bridges, stone models, and various orthodontic appliances by methods that combine oral scanning, 3D printing, and CAD/CAM design. Modern 3D printing has been used for the development of prototypes for several years, and it has begun to find its use in the world of manufacturing. Digital technology and 3D printing have significantly elevated the rate of success in dental implantology using custom surgical guides and improving the quality and accuracy of dental work.

Heterogeneidad lateral en las muestras de roedores del tramo T1 del Mioceno Medio de Somosaguas (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid)

Las asociaciones de roedores son utilizadas de manera generalizada en paleontología para realizar inferencias paleoambientales. En ocasiones, asumiendo una homogeneidad lateral en el contenido fosilífero de los niveles estratigráficos, estas inferencias se llevan a cabo utilizando las abundancias relativas de las distintas especies que componen esas asociaciones. No obstante, nunca se ha comprobado experimentalmente dicha homogeneidad espacial en las proporciones específicas dentro de un mismo nivel fosilífero. Para comprobar esta homogeneidad lateral, en este trabajo se compararon dos muestras procedentes del tramo T1 (Somosaguas- Sur y Cata-3) del yacimiento paleontológico de Somosaguas (Mioceno Medio), correspondientes a dos puntos de muestreo separados unos 30 m. Aunque se mantuvo una composición faunística idéntica desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los análisis realizados por medio de aleatorizaciones de Monte Carlo, indicaron la existencia de diferencias significativas en las abundancias relativas de las distintas especies entre las dos muestras. Estos resultados podrían deberse a 1) un diferente comportamiento sedimentario de las piezas dentales de las distintas especies debido a diferencias en su tamaño; 2) el reducido tamaño de las muestras de sedimento en combinación con la elevada densidad de restos fósiles en el tramo T1 de Somosaguas; 3) una mezcla temporal diferencial relacionada con la presencia de varios abanicos aluviales sucesivos, sumado a cambios poblacionales de la comunidad local de roedores influidos por cambios ambientales durante el Aragoniense. Nuestros resultados muestran la necesidad de ser cautelosos a la hora de realizar inferencias palecológicas basadas en abundancias relativas de especies de micromamíferos.

Desgaste de dientes incisivos en caballos con aerofagia. Estudio preliminar

The objective of this study was to quantify the wear of the upper central incisors in stabled and crib-biting Thoroughbred race horses. The sixteen horses located at the Club Hipico Concepcion were divided into 2 groups: control (non crib-biting) (n=7) and crib-biting affected (n=9) one. All horses had no access to pasture. A shallow horizontal incision of 5 mm long was made in the labial face of 101 and 201 dental pieces, using a triangular file, at 10 mm from the occlusal edge. The distance from the occlusal edge to the incision was measured again after six months, to determine wear. Results are expressed as the average and standard deviations from wearing measurements. To compare the wear between the two groups, the Student’s t-test was carried out with a p<0.05 significance level . The average wear in the control group was 0.43±0.51 mm. The average wear in the crib-biting group was 2.72±0.89 mm. Wear was significantly higher in crib-biting group (p<0.0001). This study shows that crib-biting Thoroughbred stabled horses’ incisive teeth wearing is at least double the normal wear rate, which could affect the grazing capacity of the animals in the future.

Quantitative evaluation of the mineralization level of dental tissues by Raman spectroscopy

Current routine clinical methodologies to diagnose diseases that affect the hard tissues of teeth present a certain lack of specificity and sensitivity, especially for incipient demineralization processes where early diagnosis is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of Raman spectroscopy as a direct quantitative diagnostic tool for the determination of specific molecular changes in mineralized tissues and the establishment of a pattern of normality. Human healthy and caries-affected dental pieces were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy using an FT-Raman Bruker RFS100 coupled to a 1064 nm-Nd:YAG laser with an incident laser radiation up to 1500 mW. Data from the spectra were treated with OPUS™ software. The influence of Raman spectrometer parameters on the spectra dependence and repeatability was first studied, showing a linear relationship between the incident laser power and the intensity/area of the Raman bands. Two quantitative Raman mineralization indices for dental tissue diagnoses were then proposed. For them, the mineral part ((bend) at 430 cm−1 and (stret) at 960 cm−1 for hydroxyapatite) was related to the organic part (C-Hx of lipids/proteins at 2941 cm−1) by calculating the ratio between these band areas as follows: MIb (Mineralization Index bending): 430 cm−1/2941 cm−1 and MIs (Mineralization Index stretching): 960 cm−1/2941 cm−1. A pattern of normality (healthy mineralization) was established with values in the range 1.35–1.75 for MIb and 4.01–5.19 for MIs. This methodology was successfully applied to two case studies where caries which could not be identified by conventional methodologies, such as radiography, were clearly diagnosed by the proposed quantitative Raman spectroscopy. Thus, its reliability as a routine clinical tool for quantitative diagnosis of dental demineralization by external inspection was demonstrated.

Restored teeth can be used as samples for genotyping?

The aim of this study is to warn that such samples should not be overlooked for a successful genotyping.Six restored dental pieces were randomly selected from extreme forensic situations. For each tooth two portions have been selected: the dentin of adjacent portions of the restoration area (DS) and the remaining root dentin (DR). DNA extraction was executed using the PrepFiler​TM BTA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions and its quantification was realized with the Quantifiler​TM Duo kit (both from Applied Biosystems). DS quantification values were comparatively higher than those of DR portion.These results may be related to a tertiary dentin formation, restorative and disorganized. The use of a sample with dentin tissue adjacent to a restoration area, covering the entire portion up to the pulp cavity, proved to be a good sample for genetic analysis, optimizing the quality of the sample volume.

Forensic identification in teeth with caries

Human teeth are biological structures that resist extreme conditions thus becoming a useful source of DNA for human forensic identification purposes. When it is possible, forensic prefer only non-damaged teeth whereas those with cavities are usually rejected to avoid both external and internal bacterial contamination. Cavities are one of the most prevalent dental pathology and its incidence increases with ageing. The aim of this study was to validate the use of teeth with cavities for forensic identification. A total of 120 individual teeth from unrelated patients (60 healthy and 60 with cavities, respectively) extracted by a dentist as part of the normal process of treatment, were submitted for further analysis. Dental pulp was obtained after tooth fragmentation, complete DNA was extracted and the corresponding human identification profile was obtained by the AmpFlSTR® NGM SElect™ kit. Cariogenic microbiota was determined by PCR-DGGE with bacterial universal primers and bands were excised, re-amplified and sequenced. From the 120 dental pieces analyzed, a defined genetic profile was obtained in 81 (67.5%) of them, with no statistical differences between the healthy and the cavities-affected teeth. Statistical association between teeth status, DNA content and genetic profiles was not observed. Complex bacterial communities were only detected in the cavities group, being the Streptococcus/Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus genera the most represented. We conclude that teeth with cavities are as valid as healthy dental pieces for forensic human identification. Moreover, the severity of the cariogenic lesion as well as associated bacterial communities seems not to influence the establishment of human dental profiles.

New Information on the InteratheriidAntofagastia turneriGarcía-Lopez and Babot (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Northwestern Argentina

Recent fieldtrips led to the discovery of new specimens of a recently described interatheriid from Northwestern Argentina, Antofagastia turneri. These new specimens show some intraspecific variation regarding size and certain coronal features. Additionally, two fossil remains bearing lower teeth, one of them previously referred as Punapithecus minor, were analyzed. Overall size and some occlusal traits indicate that this material may be considered as closer to Antofagastia than to Punapithecus. The new specimens bring new information regarding intraspecific and ontogenetic variation, which represents a valuable tool to assess diagnostic features present in fossil fragments and isolated dental pieces.

Nondestructive methods for recovery of biological material from human teeth for DNA extraction.

The extraction of DNA from human skeletal remains applied to forensic, and evolutionary studies do not exclude risks, which are to be evaluated when working with unique specimens that could be damaged or even destroyed. In the present study were evaluated several nondestructive methods for recovering DNA instead of the most currently used pulverization method. Three different procedures to access inside the dental pieces (occlusal perforation, cervical perforation, and cervical cut) have been compared with the aim of recovering as many cell remains as possible to carry out a DNA extraction. Given the DNA quantitation results, a method was proposed that consists of a cervical cut to facilitate the access to the pulp cavity and a subsequent filing of the root canals down to the apex of the dental root. This methodology allows the recovery of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, with the minimum deterioration for the dental pieces.

Alternativa de restauración estética en caso de discromía

La restauración de un diente tratado endondónticamente con cambio de color representa un reto en la odontología actual, ya que en algunos casos no basta solo con realizar un procedimiento que a nuestro parecer sea el adecuado, sino se puede considerar elegir un conjunto de ellos para obtener resultados satisfactorios. No es suficiente conocer la forma de las piezas dentarias si éstas no se homogenizan con las demás en todos sus aspectos; por consiguiente el color cobra vital importancia para realizar un buen procedimiento restaurador. Con la aplicación de procedimientos como blanqueamiento interno y externo, así como de resinas compuestas se pueden obtener resultados adecuados devolviéndole al paciente la estética y la función perdida. En el presente artículo se detallan algunos criterios básicos a tomar en cuenta en la resolución de un caso de discromía combinando procedimientos de blanqueamiento y de resinas compuestas; los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios ya que se pudo devolver a la paciente la estética y la función perdida. Se concluye que el uso adecuado de estos materiales así como el conocimiento profundo de las técnicas guían el éxito en la resolución de estos casos.

Diagnosis of high-speed dental pieces from their sound analysis

Las herramientas computacionales se desarrollan para ayudar a los profesionales en la determinacion de ciertas anomalias en diferentes equipos. Estas herramientas buscan determinar algun dano sin necesidad de desmontar los equipos, con el fin de optimizar los procesos, en este caso, diagnosticar el funcionamiento de la pieza de alta velocidad odontologica. Este articulo presenta los resultados del desarrollo de un algoritmo computacional que permite obtener, a partir de los sonidos que generan las turbinas de las piezas de alta velocidad, el diagnostico del estado en que ellas se encuentran. Lo anterior se logra mediante la captura del sonido de piezas de alta velocidad en buen y mal estado, con el fin de construir un banco de senales a partir de las cuales se extraen caracteristicas en diferentes dominios para entrenar una red neuronal que diagnosticara el estado de la pieza. Con la implementacion de este sistema ha sido posible alcanzar hasta un 81% de porcentaje de exito en la clasificacion de piezas defectuosas.