Dental Pieces Research Articles

Prevalence of maxillary sinus pneumatization in partially or totally edentulous patients according to the Carl Misch classification, diagnosed by CBCT in a private radiology center in the city of Cuenca, 2021 - 2022

The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxillary bone. Its pneumatization process is part of its growth and development. After tooth loss, osteoclastic activity begins in Schneider's membrane, which causes the maxillary sinuses to increase in size, a situation that complicates prosthetic rehabilitation and implant placement. Objective: To determine the degree of pneumatic sinus pneumatization based on Carl Misch's classification in partial or edentulous patients treated in a private radiology center in the city of Cuenca diagnosed by CBCT in 2021-2022. Methodology: Study of observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional types. Seventy-three cone-beam tomographic studies of total and partially edentulous patients considering the area from canines to second molars were examined, based on Carl Misch's classification, to determine the degree of pneumatization and the depth of the maxillary sinus. Results: grade III pneumatization was the most prevalent in 43.41% of the total 129 maxillary sinuses evaluated, a grade IV was mostly in total edentulous (17.05%), and partial edentulous a grade III was more predominant (27.13%). Conclusion: The relationship between the degree of pneumatization and the depth of the maxillary sinus was evident, determining that there is a relationship between the loss of dental pieces and the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, and these results can help plan surgical procedures and to take into account possible complications in patients with a higher degree of pneumatization.

The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Enterococcus spp. and Its Application in Dentistry: A Scoping Review.

Enterococci spp. are Gram-positive bacteria that cause mild to severe infections, many associated with the oral cavity, such as periapical infections and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Many of these infections become serious diseases that are difficult to resolve, specifically when multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains cause them. In recent years, the number of MDR strains of Enterococcus spp. has increased significantly. This increased prevalence of MDR strains produces significant pressure to generate more antimicrobial therapies, but there is a decline in the production of new antibiotics, driving the development of complementary therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT combines a photosensitizer agent (PS), light, and oxygen to cause photooxidative stress in bacterial cells. PDT can eradicate Enterococcus spp. contaminations, improve the classic cleaning processes, and eradicate the bacteria in dental pieces. PDT's effectiveness can be improved with nanoparticles that function as carriers. Our work aims to describe the advances in PDT against Enterococcus spp. as a complement to antibiotic therapy, focusing on infections by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, dental hygiene, and using nanoparticles to improve the antimicrobial effect. A systematic bibliographic search without a meta-analysis was conducted on various databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the most relevant research. Of the 193 non-redundant articles found, 65 were selected for a systematic review, from which a summary table was created and a manual description was made. Photodynamic therapy for treating E. faecium and E. faecalis is a widely studied area, with promising results concerning bactericidal effectiveness and reductions in biofilm formation, particularly in regard to dental hygiene. Because most of the studies were conducted in vitro or ex vivo, the results indicated that there were not sufficient data to initiate clinical trials for safety and efficacy studies on humans.

Comparative study to evaluate the subtractive and additive process in dentistry: a systematic review

The objective of this study was focused on carrying out an analysis on the main contributions of additive manufacturing in dental pieces and the benefits of this procedure in dentistry, as well as establishing the advantages and limitations that this modality entails. The research was based on a systematic review with adaptability to Prisma and Tranfield methodology, through which the impact of additive manufacturing in dental clinics and in the various clients who acquire the pieces in terms of taste and adherence to product, likewise, in terms of contribution to knowledge, the study remains as a precedent for other investigations that are carried out later on this topic. Articles published in the last five years from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were reviewed. The process was developed through inclusion and exclusion criteria, wherein its final instance the material criteria, type of printing, and post-processing were reviewed, to which a final filter was made that yielded the articles for review of the literature. This project contributes to the knowledge of the processes that are carried out in additive manufacturing in dental pieces, the advantages and disadvantages, thus leaving a precedent for the adherence of dental clinics to this method.

AI-Dentify: deep learning for proximal caries detection on bitewing x-ray - HUNT4 Oral Health Study.

Dental caries diagnosis requires the manual inspection of diagnostic bitewing images of the patient, followed by a visual inspection and probing of the identified dental pieces with potential lesions. Yet the use of artificial intelligence, and in particular deep-learning, has the potential to aid in the diagnosis by providing a quick and informative analysis of the bitewing images. A dataset of 13,887 bitewings from the HUNT4 Oral Health Study were annotated individually by six different experts, and used to train three different object detection deep-learning architectures: RetinaNet (ResNet50), YOLOv5 (M size), and EfficientDet (D0 and D1 sizes). A consensus dataset of 197 images, annotated jointly by the same six dental clinicians, was used for evaluation. A five-fold cross validation scheme was used to evaluate the performance of the AI models. The trained models show an increase in average precision and F1-score, and decrease of false negative rate, with respect to the dental clinicians. When compared against the dental clinicians, the YOLOv5 model shows the largest improvement, reporting 0.647 mean average precision, 0.548 mean F1-score, and 0.149 mean false negative rate. Whereas the best annotators on each of these metrics reported 0.299, 0.495, and 0.164 respectively. Deep-learning models have shown the potential to assist dental professionals in the diagnosis of caries. Yet, the task remains challenging due to the artifacts natural to the bitewing images.

Comparison of the efficacy of pulsed ultrasound and laser in tooth movement: A literature review

When orthodontic treatment is performed, several cells responsible for bone remodeling are stimulated, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and other cells. Bone remodeling is essential as it allows us to move dental pieces from their original position to the desired location within the dental arch, correcting malocclusion, achieving functional occlusion, and, in some cases, enhancing facial harmony. One reason why patients may hesitate to undergo orthodontic treatment is the long duration, typically spanning 24 to 36 months (2-3 years). Currently, new techniques have been developed to reduce treatment time, periodontal inflammation, hyalinization and intense pain. These techniques can be classified into three categories: 1) Biochemical stimuli, 2) Mechanical or physical, and 3) Surgical intervention. A thorough search of current literature was conducted across various scientific sources to explore this topic. The objective of this literature review is to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of laser and pulsed ultrasound techniques in tooth movement. By examining the advantages and disadvantages of each physical technique, we aim to determine the most suitable and minimally invasive approach to bone remodeling, ultimately reducing orthodontic treatment time while ensuring effective tooth movement without causing unwanted pain or adverse effects for the patient.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Oral Health in Participants of the Institutional Program for the Inclusion of People with Cognitive Disabilities in Higher Education at the University of Costa Rica

People with cognitive disabilities face multiple challenges concerning oral health and frequently show oral tissue decay because of the barriers society imposes upon them, and due to financial issues, professional and family lack of knowledge, limitations regarding access to services, lack of empowering-driven actions, among others. Positive knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral health, developed during the course of a lifetime, help in preserving good health. The aim of the current study is to describe oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices in people with cognitive disabilities participating in the Institutional Program for the Inclusion of People with Cognitive Disabilities in Higher Education at the University of Costa Rica (PROIN, in Spanish), during 2021. A descriptive study with mixed focus was performed; a representative sample comprised of 86 students enrolled in PROIN was used for the quantitative approach, while the qualitative approach used a criteria sample along with an opinion sample, limiting size due to information overload. The survey, along with its corresponding questionnaire and the semi-structured interview, were used as data gathering techniques. It was evidenced that certain issues need to be readdressed, such as bleeding gums, the importance of preserving dental pieces, as well, the practice of flossing, which many students expressed difficulties doing. Good attitudes were found, such as dentist visits; however, access barriers for this population must be overthrown. This article showed the importance of training professionals in disabilities as well as developing oral health promotion programs aimed at people with cognitive disabilities.

Teeth as lithic raw material: Experiments and use-wear analysis

This paper explores the archaeological and ethnographic evidence for use of rodent teeth as instruments, without direct modification (without manufacturing), in replacement of lithic raw materials. There are ethnographic records that describe the use of teeth, extracted from the jaw by direct manual grip or use of handles, and also used inside the jaw, which functions as a handle. Most of the teeth that appear in archaeological contexts have been studied within the framework of zooarchaeological analysis, however, there is the possibility that the dental pieces have been used as instruments, although this has rarely been considered.
 The objective of this work is to present the results of a comparative study of experimental work, which we carried out with beaver (Castor canadensis) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and to discuss their similarities and differences with the traces of use of lithic material. Through macro- and microscopic analysis (Stereomicroscope and metallographic microscope), we were able to characterize and explain the natural use signs of the teeth and differentiate them from the anthropic use signs produced when they are used as instruments. These traces on a macro- and microscopic scale, have different characteristics depending on the material worked and the kinematics used, and at the same time show similarities with the traces that occur on certain lithic materials. Consequently, we believe that it is possible to develop functional analyses on teeth of different animal species, and that these analyses will contribute to our knowledge about the life forms of past societies.

Bolton analysis in a specific program for orthodontics: NemoCast in comparison with free access programs: Meshmixer and 3d slicer

Objective: To analyze and compare the results obtained from the Bolton Total and Partial analysis, in the specific orthodontic software in comparison with the results obtained from the open access software. Materials and Methods: Data from 49 people who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were evaluated. The mesiodistal measurements of the dental pieces of the participants were taken in the following programs: NemoCast, MeshMixer and 3D Slicer, after which the calculation of the Bolton Total and Bolton Partial analysis was performed, the data were entered into a database, and then comparative tables were made in the excel program, and the results between the three programs were directly evaluated. Results: According to the direct True or False analysis method, the tables and graphs presented show that there is a discrepancy between the results of the NemoCast, MeshMixer and 3D Slicer programs, with the latter two having the closest values, and the values with the greatest difference belonging to NemoCast and MeshMixer. Conclusion: The results show that the analysis of the 3 software programs shows that the averages present similar values with a result higher than 78% for the 3 cases. However, there are differences in the review of the individual results and comparisons of the records one by one and this is due to the data entry procedure.

Comparative Study of Two Methods of DNA Extraction from Dental Pieces

Colombia is a country with an internal armed conflict of more than 60 years, where forensic sciences claim a vital role in strengthening transitional justice within the framework of the peace process. Just look at the statistics of unidentified bodies, to realize how far behind the identification process is in Colombia; where according to Life application: There are some 26,660 to 35476 unidentified bodies that, despite the joint efforts of agencies such as the Missing Persons Search Unit, Forensic Medicine and the Attorney General’s Office, have not yet been handed over to their relatives. For this reason, it is necessary to recognize the massive task of forensic specialists to propose new methods that optimize the identification process. Responding to this call, the IdentiGEN Laboratory compared two methods of extracting DNA from teeth, the ChargeSwitch Forensic DNA Purification Kit (Invitrogen) and the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) to determine which of the two allowed optimization, not only the time of analysis but the costs of application with respect to the conventional method used for these matrices. To do this, DNA extraction was performed with each kit and subsequently extracts were quantified by fluorometry, demonstrating that although both methods are highly efficient in time and cost; the QIAamp method DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) has a higher yield in terms of the amount of genetic material obtained. Finally, the dental parts analyzed using the PowerPlex Fusion System (Promega) commercial kit were successfully typified, showing not only that these matrices present a viable source of DNA collection but that it is possible to continue improving extraction methods so that they are increasingly simple, economical and effective.

Indications for the use of endocrowns, design and selection of materials: Literature review

Introduction: Endocrowns are a valuable rehabilitation option in dental pieces that have suffered extensive tissue loss, being retained to the internal portion of the pulp chamber through the use of adhesive cementation Objective: To carry out a review of the literature on the criteria endocrown use, preparation designs for this type of restoration and the selection of materials for this restoration. Methodology: A review was carried out in the Scopus, Pubmed and Scielo databases with the keywords

Numerical Analysis of Zirconium and Titanium Implants under the Effect of Critical Masticatory Load.

Dental implants have become an alternative to replace the teeth of people suffering from edentulous and meet the physiological and morphological characteristics (recovering 95% of the chewing function). The evolution and innovation of biomaterials for dental implants have had a trajectory that dates back to prehistory, where dental pieces were replaced by ivory or seashells, to the present day, where they are replaced by metallic materials such as titanium or ceramics such as zirconium or fiberglass. The numerical evaluation focuses on comparing the stress distribution and general displacement between different dental implants and a healthy tooth when applying a force of 850 N. For the analysis, a model of the anatomical structure was developed of a healthy tooth considering three essential parts of the tooth (enamel, dentin, and pulp). The tooth biomodel was established through computed tomography. Three dental implant models were considered by changing the geometry of the abutment. A structural simulation was carried out by applying the finite element method (FEM). In addition, the material considered for the analyses was zirconium oxide (ZrO2), which was compared against titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). The analyses were considered with linear, isotropic, and homogeneous properties. The variables included in the biomodeling were the modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, density, and elastic limit. The results obtained from the study indicated a significant difference in the biomechanical behavior of the von Mises forces and the displacement between the healthy tooth and the titanium and zirconium implant models. However, the difference between the titanium implant and the zirconium implant is minimal because one is more rigid, and the other is more tenacious.

Una aproximación isotópica a la reconstrucción de historias de vida en sitios arqueológicos de la Quebrada de Amaicha del Valle (Tucumán, Argentina)

In this paper, we analyze the changes in food consumption patterns throughout the lives of five individuals (n=5), one subadult and four adults, found in archaeological sites of El Remate, Bajo los Cardones and Finca Cruz. All of them are associated with the Formative period (ca. 2500 - 1000 years B. P.) and are located in the Quebrada de Amaicha (Tucumán, Argentina). We propose an analysis of the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition in the dentin of different sections of the same tooth and in different teeth of the five individuals. This approach sheds light on the way in which the characteristics of children’s diets affect their adulthood, as well as providing a more inclusive perspective on consumption patterns in the agropastoralist societies of the study area by integrating young individuals into the analysis. Little intravariation and intervariation was found, with a predominance of food resources framed in the C4 photosynthetic pattern. The exception is an individual, probably female, whose diet was based on C3 resources during the first period of life. This could be the result of the existence of a “childhood diet” or of a change in geographic residence, with both areas being isotopically distinguishable. Finally, we illustrate the methodological steps required to reconstruct life histories through the serial study of human dental pieces. This is a novel approach, which has been applied to human remains from the Argentine Northwest for the first time.

Dental Age Estimation Using Multiphoton Microscopy: A Potential Tool for Forensic Science.

Normal aging affects the different structures of teeth, in particular, the dentine. These changes are useful in forensic disciplines as a tool for age estimation. Although multiphoton (MP) microscopy has been used to explore dental pieces, a relationship between age and MP response of the human dentine has not been proposed yet. The relationship between MP signals and natural dentine aging is investigated herein. An index of age (INAG) combining two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images has been used to quantify these changes. The results show that the INAG significantly decreases with age. Moreover, peritubular dentine size and collagen internal properties are also modified with age. This information confirms the usefulness of this technique in forensic age estimation after disasters (natural or manmade) with a lack of comprehensive fingerprint database. Courts and other government authorities might also benefit from this tool when the official age of individuals under special circumstances is required for legal or medical reasons.

Prevalence of partial edentulism according to the Kennedy classification in patients of the faculty of dentistry at the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche 2022

Poor oral hygiene in adult patients, reported and analyzed in different studies that have been done worldwide, has generated a high rate of dental loss. Partial edentulism is defined as a state of oral health that is the cause of an adverse effect of the state of oral health that corresponds to the absence of a certain number of teeth in the mouth. Most of the population has an incomplete but functional dentition, there is another large population group that does not have prosthetic restorations, which are very necessary. The causes of partial edentulism can be congenital or acquired. Total congenital edentulism manifests as a very serious congenital syndrome, which, generally, are not compatible with the patient's life. On the other hand, acquired edentulism refers to dental loss during one’s life and can be of secondary causes such as caries or dental loss as mentioned, such is determining the prevalence of partial edentulism in patients of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche with the Kennedy classification. The loss of dental pieces results in the alteration of the stomatognathic system, resulting in the alteration of the masticatory function, affecting the nutritional state, general health and quality of life. Several studies have affirmed that edentulism, in addition to being related to the patient’s nutritional state, is also associated with the following factors: quality of life, age, gender of the patient. An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, in the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry. The population for this study was 100 subjects. The total number of subjects studied was 100 subjects (n=100), 51% were male and 49% female, the mean age was 59 years with a standard deviation of 11 and a range of 53. Regarding the variable, educational stage, the majority only studied middle school followed by primary school. The distribution of the prevalence of partial edentulism with respect to sex, Kennedy class II reported prevalence in males with 21%. It is followed by class I in males with 10%, class III in third place but in females with 18% and finally class IV where females also prevail with 12%. This study shows that the most prevalent of evaluated patients was found to be Kennedy class II in the male sex, since it was the most representative of the population with 21%, while, on the part of the female patients, it was 18% in class III.

New Eocene fossil remains of Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Mazaterón (Soria, Castile and Leon, Spain)

ABSTRACT In this work seventeen new maxillary and mandibular dental pieces of the endemic palaeotheriids Leptolophus sp., Iberolophus jimenezi, Plagiolophus mazateronensis, Palaeotherium giganteum, Franzenium durense and Cantabrotherium casanovasae from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian, MP 16) of Mazaterón (Soria, Almazán Basin) are described. The palaeotheriid fauna from Mazaterón is diverse but each species is known by few specimens, and some of them by only upper or lower dentition. Here the first upper dentition of Franzenium durense and the first mandible and lower dentition of the genus Cantabrotherium are described. The new material here reported allows to a better knowledge of the endemic fauna of the western Iberian region, mainly of the genera Franzenium and Cantabrotherium and of all the fossil assemblage of Mazaterón.

Applicability of Thermography in Dentistry-Scoping Review

Introduction: Thermography offers a non-invasive radiation-free methodology for diagnostic imaging and temperature measurement, but the extent of the current application is unclear, as is the level of evidence for each use case. Moreover, population-based thermographic reference values for diagnostic purposes are nearly unknown. The present scoping review aims to assess the extent of literature and available evidence regarding the application of infrared thermography in dentistry to establish indications and further scope of its utility. Material and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and CENTRAL and Web of Science searches were done in July 2022 with specific keywords. Wide eligibility criteria were used to capture all relevant studies, published in English, and addressing thermal imaging in dentistry. The literature found was selected regarding the eligibility criteria. Relevant data was extracted from the included references into a collection chart in a synthesized narrative format and classified under the Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation (Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, March 2009). Results: 13 studies were selected, 6 in vitro, 5 clinical trial and 1 case study and 1 systematic review. Four studies related the temperature variation of dental pieces with pulpal diagnosis. Three evaluated the effectiveness of thermography in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. Five were used in surgery to measure inflammatory responses resulting from surgical procedures and temperatures reached when cutting hard tissues. One study evaluated, from an ergonomic point of view, the impact of bad working positions of oral health professionals. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this review, studies suggest that thermography has the potential to become an important tool in dental medicine, either as an auxiliary means of diagnosis in endodontics and temporomandibular disorders or as a complementary element in cutting procedures capable of producing heat with implications for the viability of the underlying structures. In addition, this scoping review can rouse new research foci regarding thermography.

Efecto de algunas bebidas alcohólicas peruanas no destiladas sobre la erosión dental.

Objective: To determine the erosive effect of pieces of permanent teeth exposed to non-distilled alcoholic beverages. Material and Methods: This study takes a quantitative approach, with an explanatory scope, descriptive and correlational, with a pure experimental design. The sample consisted of 45 premolar permanent teeth, which were randomly allocated to five sample groups. Every sample group was submerged in dark beer Cuzqueña Negra, wheat beer Cuzqueña de Trigo, lager beer Cerveza Cristal, lager beer Pilsen Callao and physiological saline solution; every solution had a quantity of 110 mL. The experiment was performed for five minutes, with three repetitions every 12 hours over a period of 70 days. The sampling was performed every seven days, using an analytical scale and a data sheet. Results: The average weight loss of dental pieces put in dark beer Cuzqueña Negra (pH 4.0) was 239.4456 mg. In lager beer Pilsen Callao (pH 4.6), it was 146.7867 mg. In lager beer Cerveza Cristal (pH 3.7), it was 131.3567 mg. In wheat beer Cuzqueña de Trigo (pH 4.5), it was 121.7122 mg. Lastly, in physiological saline solution (pH 6.8), it was 14.3311 mg. When applied to the sample, the statistical test Student’s t-test resulted in a value of p≈0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Non-distilled alcoholic beverages caused erosive effects in the pieces of permanent teeth.

Gorham-Stout Disease with Clinical Response to Sirolimus Treatment.

Gorham-Stout syndrome constitutes an orphan disease with an unknown aetiology, it must be considered in young patients with osteolysis of unknown cause.The diagnosis of Gorham-Stout syndrome is an exclusion one.Drugs with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity such as mTOR inhibitors are an attractive option for the management of this disease.

Salud bucodental durante el embarazo

La mujer embarazada adolescente es susceptible a padecer enfermedades periodontales, evidenciando que requiere más cuidados que generen hábitos correctos de salud. La movilidad y perdida de piezas dentales junto con las enfermedades periodontales son las afecciones más comunes en la población, manifestando que la prevalencia de enfermedades periodontales en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas es un tema poco indagado y de escasa atención. Se busca determinar la prevalencia de gingivitis y periodontitis que afectan la salud bucodental en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos tipo transversal en buscadores como Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Scielo Y Medline del 2010 al 2020 en español e inglés. La prevalencia en embarazadas adolescentes en Latinoamérica es de un 28,8% considerándose alta, de estas un 7.39% destacan en embarazos pubertos de 12 a 15 años con mayor frecuencia mientras que la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y gingival en embarazadas es del 81%, Constatando que un 47,66% poseen una escasa percepción en la salud bucodental durante el embarazo. La presencia de enfermedad periodontal constituye un factor de riesgo para el embarazo, evidenciándose en el momento del parto provocando partos prematuros, abortos, y bebés con bajo peso y talla al nacer. Palabras clave: Salud oral; Embarazo; Adolescentes; Enfermedad Periodontal.

Managment of the mandibular dentigerous cyst plus rigid bone fixation, Presentation of a case

The objective of this article is to present the management of a patient diagnosed with a mandibular dentigerous cyst. The present case deals with a 14-year-old male patient, without relevant antecedents who attended the SERODU dental clinic, a radiolucent shadow between the dental pieces 42, 44 and 45 was included in the computerized axial tomography with the part piece No. 43 included in the symphysis of the mandibular region, horizontal position of the dental piece, the crown towards the distal and its root towards the medial with complete formation. At the crown level, a well-defined radiolucent shadow can be observed with a radiopaque halo, compatible with a dentigerous cyst. Therefore, it was decided to carry out the endodontic treatment in the dental pieces 43,44,45, subsequently the enucleation of the lesion, elimination of the dental piece, curettage and rigid bone fixation were performed, to avoid pathological complications of adjacent structures such as fracture mandibular due to the size of the lesion. A histopathological diagnosis of dentigerous cyst was obtained. At the thirty-day control, a radiopaque area compatible with bone regeneration was observed radiographically, with a radiolucent halo separating with the original basal bone. Enucleation and rigid bone fixation is an effective treatment technique to eliminate the lesion that turned out to be benign.