Dental Health Problems Research Articles

The Effect of Gargling Areca Nut Extract (Areca catechu L) 2,5% Against Plaque pH and Saliva pH

ABSTRACTThe most common dental and oral health problems are dental caries and periodontal disease caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque is a soft deposit consisting of microorganisms found on a matrix that is formed and adheres tightly to the tooth surface. Bacteria in plaque will metabolize food waste, especially the type that can be fermented so that it will produce acid. The acid produced will lower the plaque pH to 4.5-5.0 wthin 1-3 minutes and return to normal at pH 7 within 30-60 minutes. Plaque buildup on the tooth surfaces is related to plaque pH salivary pH. The continuous decrease in plaque pH and salivary pH will cause demineralization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gargling betel nut extract (Areca catechu L) 2.5% on plaque pH and salivary pH.The study was a quasi-experiment research with two group pretest-posttest design. The sample used in this study were 16 samples, 6th graders at SDN Pontianak Utara using the Total Sampling method. The sample was instructed to rinse with a 2.5 % betel nut extract moutwash solution and measure the plaque pH and salivary pH before and after gargling. The control group rinsed with 1% povidone iodine (Betadine Moutwash). Data analysis using the tes Wilcoxon to find out the difference between the influence variables and the affected variables.The results of this study based on the test were Wilcoxon test, the results showed that the average plaque pH before and after gargling with betel nut extract was 2.5% 7.06 and 7.22 p-value = 0.000 (p 0.05). The average pH of saliva before and after gargling a 2.5% betel nut extract solution was 6.56 and 5.59 p-value = 0.000 (p 0.05). So it can be concluded that gargling 2.5% betel nut extract solution has an effect on changes plaque pH and salivary pH.

Android-Based Educational Model Cross Puzzle to Improve Dental Health Behavior among Elementary Schools

Background: Dental health problems in the intervention group primary school were dental caries at 81%, persistence at 32%, gingivitis at 35%, and dental health problems in the control group primary school namely dental caries at 86%, persistence at 36%, gingivitis 48%. Dental health problems in elementary school children are caused by low dental health maintenance behavior. The strategy to overcome this problem is by using an "Android-based crossword puzzle education model" providing education to children through the game method so that the learning process is more interesting and fun. Design: This research design uses the Research and Development method Quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test control group design. Result: The treatment in the intervention group and control group was given for 21 days. The Android-based crossword puzzle education model according to expert validation is an average of 92% and a p-value of 0.002 (very feasible) and its application is effective as an effort to improve dental health behavior in elementary school children, as well as a different test of crossword puzzle education models android-based effective as an effort to increase knowledge of delta p-value 0.009, attitude delta p-value 0.001, delta p-value 0.001 action, debris index score delta p-value 0.001 compared to the control group. Conclusion: The Android-based crossword puzzle education model is feasible, and its application is effective as an effort to improve dental health behavior in elementary school children compared to the control group Keywords: Elementary school children, behavior, dental health, crossword puzzle educational model

Trifold Display Board 3D As An Effort To Improve Knowledge And Brushing Skills For Early Childhood

Introduction: A common dental and oral health problem is dental caries. The results of Riskesdas (2018), showed that children aged 5 years had a dental caries experience rate (dmft) ≥ 6 of 67.3%. The target of the Indonesian Ministry of Health is caries-free by 2030. Efforts to prevent dental and oral diseases are carried out through promotional and preventive services, through dental health education with various methods and media that are fun, entertaining and attract attention, and can help and accelerate the process of understanding children's material susbstantion. Objective: Produce a media Trifold Display Board 3D bagi anak usia dini. Method: Quasi-experiment with pre-posttest design and statistical test used is wilcoxon test. Results: The results in the poster group of knowledge research results p value 0.275, for skills p value 0.096 both showed results p ˃ 0.05, In the Poster Media group the change in values existed but did not show significant results in influencing knowledge and skills. In the 3D Trifold Display Board group, the results showed that both had a p value of 0.000 (p 0.05). Conclusion: The development of a Trifold Display Board 3D media application and effectively improves the dental health maintenance behavior of public elementary school early childhood so that it can be an alternative problem-solving in improving the dental health maintenance behavior of elementary school early childhood.

Pengaruh ekstrak biji persea americana terhadap kekasaran gigi tiruan resin akrilik heat cured (Laporan Penelitian)

Background: Dental and oral health problem that is often experienced by people is tooth loss, therefore making denture is needed to replace missing teeth. This type of heat-cured acrylic resin is the most material used often for denture bases. Denture cleanser is necessary to avoid the growth of microorganisms. Persea Americana seed extract is one of the alternative natural ingredients that can be used as a denture cleanser because it inhibits the growth of microorganisms. The combination method is the most effective method for cleaning dentures and can affect the surface roughness of acrylic resin. Aim: To find out the effect of avocado seed extract (Persea Americana) on the surface roughness of acrylic resin denture heat cured. Method: This type of research is an experimental laboratory with pre-test and post-test group design. The study samples were 20x10x3 mm heat-cured acrylic resin with 20 samples. The samples were immersed in Persea Americana seed extract with 100% concentration for ten days and brushed for 45 minutes with a mass of 200g. Results: The results showed a significant change in the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin after using a combination method cleanser with 100% concentration of Persea Americana seed extract (P<0,05). Conclusion: Persea Americana seed extract with 100% concentration was effect on surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin.

Haematological Alteration among Patients with Oral and Dental Health Problems in the Tripoli Region

Background: Oral health plays an important role in maintaining life functions and quality of life. Gingivitis and periodontitis are two forms of periodontal disease that exist on a spectrum ranging from bleeding, erythematous, and inflamed gingival tissue to the loss of attachment and alveolar bone. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral ailments and the major causes of tooth loss. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the haematological alterations among patients with oral and dental health problems in the Tripoli region. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 patients with oral and dental health problems attending six medical centers in Tripoli region from the 01st March 2022 to the 01st June 2022. Also, 100 healthy individuals without any oral and dental health problems or any other diseases were recruited as a control group. This study was approved by the Research and Ethical Committee of the Libyan Academy of graduate studies and medical centers. One ml of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant in the study for the determination of haematological parameters. The data were compared using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26. Results: The results showed that red blood corpuscles (RBCs) count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in patients with oral and dental health problems were decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared to the control group. White blood cell count, neutrophils%, and platelets count in patients with oral and dental health problems were significantly (P<0.01) increased compared to the control group. On the other hand, lymphocytes% and mixed % WBCs were significantly (P<0.01) decreased compared to the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral and dental health problems were associated with a significant alterations in haematological parameters. Red blood corpuscles count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes%, and mixed % WBCs were decreased significantly and White blood cell count, neutrophils%, and platelets count were significantly increased in patients with oral and dental health problems compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTIC LOZENGES LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI PRODENTIS IN INCREASING SALIVARY SECRETION

Introduction: Indonesian people experience dental and oral health problemsas much as 57.6%, one of the dental and oral health problems that is oftentreated is periodontal disease. Alternative prevention of periodontal disease isby consuming probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri). Probiotic (Lactobacillusreuteri) contains L. reuteri bacteria which inhibits periodontal and cariogenicpathogenic bacteria so that it is suspected to increase salivary flow rate. Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri) to increase salivary secretion. Materials and methods: this studyused an experimental approach with a pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects were 30 students of the Faculty of Dentistry, MahasaraswatiDenpasar University who met the research criteria. The sample was dividedinto two groups, namely the group that consumed the probiotic Interlac Pro-D lozenges and the group that consumed a placebo. The data taken werethe salivary flow rate, which was measured twice, before and after administration of the probiotic Interlac Pro-D lozenges and placebo. Dataanalysis: data is processed using paired t-test and independent t-test. Resultsand Discussion: The results showed that the average salivary secretion before consuming Interlac Pro-D probiotic tablets was 0.3073 ± 0.02492 ml/minute, increasing to 0.328 ± 0.03299 ml/minute, placebo increasing to 0.276± 0.02293 ml/minute to 0.2853 ± 0.0256 ml/minute. There was a differencein the effectiveness of increasing salivary secretion between the groups consuming the probiotic Interlac Pro-D tablets and placebo (p <0.005). Conclusion: taking probiotic lozenges Interlac Pro-D (Lactobacillus reuteriprodentis) is effective in increasing salivary secretion which is beneficial forpreventive therapy of periodontal disease.

TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES: ETIOLOGY, PREVALENCE AND POSSIBLE OUTCOMES

Traumatic dental injuries are significant public health problem because of its frequency, impact on economic productivity and quality of life. It is not a disease and no individual is ever at zero risk of sustaining these potentially life-changing injuries. Traumatic dental injuries occur most frequently in children and young adults. Older adults also suffer from traumatic dental injuries but at significantly lower rates than individuals in the younger cohorts. Luxation injuries are the most common traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition, whereas crown fractures are more commonly reported for the permanent teeth. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up are very important to assure a favorable outcome. The aim was to overview the etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes of dental trauma. An electronic search of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane, SSCI (Social Citation Index), SCI (Science Citation Index) databases from 2000 to the present, using the following search words: tooth injuries, tooth trauma, traumatized teeth, dental trauma, dentoalveolar trauma, oral trauma, epidemiology, etiology, prevalence, prevention, pulp necrosis, inflammatory resorption, ankylosis, cervical resorption, was performed. The current revision represents the best evidence based on the available literature and expert opinions. During last decade traumatic dental injuries were recognized as public dental health problem worldwide. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies between countries. According to the existing data they are more prevalent in permanent than in primary dentition. All treatment procedures in case of dental trauma are directed to minimize undesired consequences despite that treatment of traumatic dental injuries in the young patient is often complicated and can continue during the rest of his/her life. The changing lifestyle and requirements of modern society lead to an emergence of new patterns of dental trauma. Successful treatment of traumatic injuries depends on timely action by the patient and a quick and accurate diagnosis by the dentist. Although most injuries are minor and of an urgent nature, displaced or missing teeth are true emergencies. The mismanagement of traumatic dental injuries has provided much information as well as questions for research that have resulted in the increased retention of teeth with as little treatment as possible. Maintaining pulp vitality when possible, utilizing the therapeutic effects of calcium hydroxide, and returning teeth to function as soon as possible are keys to predictable prognosis. It is the responsibility of the dentist to stay current on the latest techniques available to treat traumatic injuries. The charts included provide most of the potential emergency treatment possibilities, recommended follow-up treatment, and final treatment outcomes essential to providing the best care for our child patients. It is also the responsibility of the dentist to use evidence-based research when adopting treatment protocols.

Eating Behavior and Caries Experience in Children with Growth Stunting.

Stunting is the impaired growth and development children experience from chronic malnutrition and repeated infection that cause long-term damage. Malnutrition for a long time will affect the shape and composition of bones and teeth, making children more vulnerable to dental health problems. Preschoolers with sufficiently active consumption can choose the food they like delightful foods so that it can increase the risk of caries. Based on data from the Bandung City Health Office in 2019, 161 toddlers (25.43%) in Sukawarna Village experienced stunting. This study analyzed the relationship between eating behavior and caries experience in stunting children in Sukawarna Village, Sukajadi District. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research method with a secondary data analysis approach from the documentation of the Universitas Padjadjaran Academic Leadership Grant data with the title "Aspects of jaw growth-development and family approach in early detection and prevention of stunting." Sampling used purposive sampling specifically for preschool children with a sample size of 80 respondents. The data obtained will be processed and then analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation statistical test. Sixty-three percent of respondents have poor eating behavior, and the majority (80.35%) have cavities due to caries (decay). Spearman Rank correlation coefficient is -0.145 and significance is 0.0983. Overall eating behavior is related to the caries experience in stunting children. Consumption of cariogenic foods influences the caries experience.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SANTRI HUSADA CADRES FORMATION AND ORAL DENTAL EXAMINATION AT ASSHODIQIYAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL SEMARANG

Background: Dental and oral health problems in Indonesia are still high due to the low number of health workers, both dentists and dental nurses. Therefore, the prevention and promotion of dental and oral health services must be improved formation of dental health cadres in a community. Islamic boarding schools are places of Islamic learning where students or santri live permanently and study together with teachers or Kiai. In a pesantren learning environment, it is essential to pay attention to health, especially the condition of the teeth and mouth, so as not to interfere with the learning process. This community service aims to form cadres and carry out dental and oral health checks by dentists and dental co-operative students, Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA) Semarang. Method: In addition, this activity also aims to change students' behaviour thus they put more attention of the condition of their oral cavity and know the importance dental and oral care treatments according to their oral condition. With direct counselling provided by dentists, the cadres gain understanding and knowledge about the oral cavity, including the arrangement of teeth, various kinds of dental and oral problems, and how to treat them. In addition, the cadres also received training on how to brush their teeth with the right brush and toothpaste provided by the Co-assistant of dental students. Result: With the formation of 12 cadres, it is suggested that promotive, preventive, and referral activities for dental and oral health problems in the Asshodiqiyah Islamic boarding school can continue to run to reduce dental and oral health problems. Conclusion: Cadre activities for students and brushing teeth together can increase knowledge in the field of dental and oral health and the ability to clean the mouth teeth of PP students. Asshodiqiyah. This activity was also able to increase the awareness of the students to be more active in caring for and maintaining the health of their teeth and mouth.

The relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of urban and rural areas with oral health service accessibility in Indonesia

Objective: the authors are interested in conducting a survey on the relationship of sociodemographic characteristics of urban and rural areas with the accessibility of OHS in Pinrang Districts, South Sulawesi, Indonesia in 2019.
 Material and Methods: This study used a qualitative approach by distributing questionnaires to adult subjects aged 18 years and above in Pinrang Districts, South Sulawesi during January 29th till February 1st, 2019. The location was divided according to the Pilot Pathfinder Survey method. The Urban area is represented by the Watang Sawitto Sub-District and the rural area is represented by the Suppa Sub-District.
 Results: The subjects who participated in this study were 298 people, an urban population (UP) was 184 people (61.74%) and a rural population (RP) was 114 people (38.26%). There is a significant relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and visits to oral health services (p=0.045). Community Health Center is the main choice if the subject has dental health problems.
 Conclusion: The main reason for visiting the oral health service facilities of the urban and rural population is for a tooth filling. Expensive cost and remote locations are the main reasons for not visiting oral health service facilities.

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Phu Mau and Vinh Ninh primary school children, Thua Thien Hue province

Malocclusion is a common dental health problem and can affect the health and life of people. The assessment of malocclusion helps to determine the need for orthodontic treatment according to the two components of dental health and dental aesthetics, which is very important to help improve the effectiveness of intervention and prevention methods necessary. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion of primary school students, to determine the need for orthodontic treatment of primary school students according to the index of needs for orthodontic treatment, and the relationship with malocclusion. Method: A crosssectional descriptive study on 220 primary school students aged 7 - 9 at two primary schools in Thua Thien Hue province from June 2021 to September 2021. Conduct oral examination, collect information, measure, observe and record indicators of malocclusion and orthodontic needs. Results: The results of the study on 220 students showed that the ratio of molars in the Angle I direction was the highest, accounting for 45%, and malocclusion was quited high (79.09%). Regarding the need for orthodontic treatment, according to DHCIOTN, 39.55% had little treatment and according to AC-IOTN, 36.6% had moderate treatment. There is a strong correlation between malocclusion status and DHC-IOTN (r=0.65, p>0.05), malocclusion and AC-IOTN have an average correlation (r=0.44, p>0.05). There is also a strong correlation between AC-IOTN and DHC-IOTN (r=0.60, p>0.05). There was no gender difference between treatment levels for dental health and dental aesthetics with p>0.05. Conclusions: malocclusion in 7-9 years old students is quited high - the need for orthodontic treatment according to both dental health components, and aesthetics dentistry. It is necessary to provide timely and effective interventions to improve the oral health of children Key words: Malocclusion, IOTN, need for orthodontic treatment, children.

The Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of New Herbal with Standard Toothpaste with Their Influence on Gingival Health Indexes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis are considered the most common oral and dental health problems in different parts of the world. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity, plaque index, and gingival index determination of herbal toothpaste compared with standard toothpaste. Methods: The present study is a randomized clinical trial on 60 participants of 18 - 28 years and a minimum of 24 healthy teeth at Birjand Dental School that were randomly divided into two groups, herbal and standard toothpaste (n = 30 each group); only participants were blind. All subjects brushed their teeth for 3 minutes 2 times a day for seven months. The plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) for each participant also, saliva samples were taken from the subjects for Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp., colony count at the onset of the study, and 3, 5, and 7 months after toothpaste usage. Results: This study was conducted on 60 patients in two study groups. No significant statistical difference was observed between age and gender in the two studied groups. Our study showed that the mean number of S. mutans in the two groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the mean number of Lactobacillus spp. in the group of herbal toothpaste at three months (P = 0.02) and seven months (P = 0.002) was significantly less than standard toothpaste. Also, the mean PI and the GI indices in the herbal toothpaste group after use for five months (P = 0.02) (P = 0.03) and seven months (P < 0.001) (P = 0.03), respectively, were significantly lower than standard toothpaste. Conclusions: Throughout the 7-month trial, herbal toothpaste showed higher antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus spp. than standard toothpaste, effectively reducing dental plaque and gingivitis. Furthermore, no undesirable reactions to toothpaste were reported during the trial. Therefore, it was concluded that possibly novel herbal toothpaste could be an alternative for controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. Further studies are needed.

AN STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY IN DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

One of the efforts to provide dental and oral health services and provide dental and oral health services to the community is to be optimized. Given and considering the development and complexity of dental and oral health problems above, it is anticipated that by increasing knowledge and higher skills, not only being able to handle dental and oral cases, but also having the ability to analyze the causes of disease using science and technology. One branch of science that can accompany science that continues to grow, especially dental health, is philosophy. This study aims to determine the nature of dental and oral health care for children with special needs in terms of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The method in this study is a philosophical study with literature studies. Based on the explanation of the understanding of dental health care for children with special needs, it is clear that the study has three dimensions, namely based on ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Philosophy in dental and oral health care for children with special needs is an action taken to seek, review , observing and investigating any problems or events that occur in children with dental needs that are included in the scope of dental health.

DENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING USING FLIPCHART MEDIA ON GINGIVITIS KNOWLEDGE IN PREGNANT WOMEN

Title in english. One of the groups prone to dental and oral diseases is pregnant women, pregnancy is a physiological process that causes changes in the female body both psychically and physiologically such as gums / gingiva caused by an increase in female sex hormones, namely extrogen and progesterone hormones, these events cause an increase in vascularity and changes in the walls of the gingival blood vessels, so that they become more permeable and can strengthen the inflammatory process. Some studies state that the effect of hormonal changes will affect the dental and oral health of pregnant women by 30-100% Dental and oral diseases that are commonly encountered by pregnant women are gingivitis and periodontitis. The Indonesian government's efforts in overcoming dental and oral health problems in pregnant women are through health promotion. Purpose: Knowing the influence of dental and oral health counseling using flipchart media on gingivitis knowledge in pregnant women in Pamanukan Sebrang Village, Pamanukan District, Subang Regency. Method: The type of research used in this study is quasi-experimental design with a research design One group pretest posttest design. The sample size in the study was 40 respondents taken by Total Sampling. The analysis used is the paired T-test. Result: There is an influence of dental and oral health counseling through flipchart media on gingivitis knowledge in pregnant women in Pamanukan Sebrang Village, Pamanukan District, Subang Regency, as evidenced by the P-value (< 0.05). Conclusion : The use of flipchart media in health education regarding gingivitis during pregnancy is effective in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women.

UNTREATMENT OF CARIES SEVERITY (PUFA/PUFA) IN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AND PARENTS' ECONOMIC STATUS

Children with special needs have a lower level of dental and oral health and hygiene when compared to normal children's dental and oral health conditions. Dental and oral health problems that commonly arise in children with special needs include untreated dental caries, bleeding teeth and crowding teeth (malocclusion), breathing through the mouth, and trauma. Purpose: The aim of this study was to The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of untreated caries using the PUFA/PUFA index in children with special needs and the economic status of parents at Cipatujah SLBN. Method: The research method used is a quantitative method with the type of observational research with a cross-sectional design and refers to the type of data analysis Rank Spearman, parental income level questionnaire sheets and PUFA/PUFA index examination sheets. Result: the results of the study that based on the results of the Rank Spearman test show a significant value with a value of p = 0.019; p = <0.05 which indicates the PUFA/PUFA index value, and the value indicates that p = 0.393 <0.50. Conclusion: The conclusion based on this research is that there is a fairly strong relationship and has a positive value, which means it has a fairly strong and unidirectional relationship to the PUFA/PUFA index and the type of disability.

<strong>Implementation of community dental and oral health care before COVID-19 pandemic to new normal period at Public Health Care</strong>

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental health services at primary health care (PHC) are the first and foremost effort to overcome dental health problems in the community, consisting of Individual Health Care (IHC), Community Dental Health Care (CDHC), and School Dental Health Care (SDHC). The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has hampered dental health services at PHC. This study aims to describe the implementation of dental health Care at the PHC from before COVID-19 pandemic to the new normal adaptation period. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to February 2022. The sample consisted of 15 PHC in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, interviewing dentists and doing a checklist on the rubric for each activity implementation. Data processing by the percentage of implementation. Results: The implementation of promotive before the pandemic was 100%, when the pandemic decreased and increased again by almost 100% during the new normal adaptation period. Before the pandemic, most preventive measures were just 56%. During the pandemic, there were nearly no activities, and during the new normal adaptation period, there was an increase, but the percentage was low. The curative implementation before the Pandemic was almost 100% implemented. At the beginning of the pandemic, the implementation decreased, but 100% was carried out for counseling and referrals. Most care has been implemented up to 100% during the adaptation period. The implementation of rehabilitation during the pandemic period was still low (40%). At the beginning of the pandemic 13%, and during the adaptation period, there was an increase according to the pandemic period (33%). Conclusion: Before the pandemic, promotive and curative services had been maximized, while preventive and rehabilitative services still needed to be maximized. During the beginning of the pandemic, almost all services stopped. During the new normal adaptation period, all services have increased again compared to the initial period of the pandemic. Keywords: dental; oral health; primary health care; COVID-19; pandemic

Mentoring Mothers and Preschool Children in Efforts to Maintain Dental and Oral Health

Preschool children are a vulnerable group to dental health problems. Education in the preschool age period is essential because children are very easy to learn and direct so children will get used to doing dental health care independently, to get good results this program involves parents. The purpose of this program is to assist mothers and preschool children to maintain dental and oral health. The targets of this activity are preschool students and Ruhul Jihad Kindergarten students in Ciganjur, South Jakarta. The method of implementing the action is conducting dental health education for preschool children and mothers, dental edu visits, and brushing teeth together. The results of the activity showed an increase in knowledge of oral and dental health care for mothers and preschool children, an increase in brushing skills correctly in preschool children, as well as coordinated responses, enthusiasm, and interest in preschool children visiting the dental clinic. The conclusion shows that mentoring activities for mothers and preschool children to maintain dental and oral health are carried out well and provide benefits to the target.

Dental Health Knowledge Improvement about Malocclusion After Oral and Dental Health Empowerment at Miftahul Ulum Melirang Islamic Junior High School, Melirang Village, Bungah District, Gresik

Background: Malocclusion is one of dental health problem that may affect the oral health in adolescences. The dental health education delivered is expected to be able to change the dental health behaviour of individuals or communities from unhealthy to healthy behaviour. Purpose: To increase knowledge of oral health, especially the level of knowledge of malocclusion by means of empowerment of dental health knowledge at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Melirang Junior High School, Gresik. Methods: A total of 100 junior high school children from grade tenth, eleventh, twelfth were included in the study. Data was collected by instructing participants to fill out a pre-test questionnaire on Google drive, then a teledentistry was conducted and ended by filling out a post-test questionnaire to determine the increase in oral health knowledge for evaluation of dental health empowerment. Results: The main level of knowledge of dental and oral health is good (50%), moderate (40%) and low (10%). Knowledge about dental malocclusion is only 40% who have good knowledge about malocclusion, others are low enough to reach 20% knowledge and other respondents have moderate 40%. After the dental health empowerment program, the knowledge of the participant regarding the oral health was enhanced. Conclusion: the dental and oral health empowerment was performed successfully that increased the level of knowledge of children and teachers is still less than optimal about knowledge of malocclusion, so it is necessary to carry out socialization actions regarding the impact of malocclusion.

KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL AND MOUTH HEALTH WITH THE BEHAVIOR OF ARECA NUT CHEWING OF ADOLESCENTS IN YAPEN ISLANDS REGENCY

Background: Dental and oral health problems in the community, one of which arises because of behavioral factors or attitudes of ignoring dental and oral hygiene. In Indonesia, dental and oral health problems are relatively high, based on data from the 2018 Basic Health Research that 57.6% of the Indonesian population has dental and oral health problems with 10.2% of dental health workers. Papua Province has dental and oral health problems as of 48. The lowest tooth brushing behavior in Indonesia is 54.4% from the national data of 94.7% with a ratio of dental medical personnel still very low at 8%. Methods: The design of this study used a cross-sectional study, the sample used the Probability Proportional Size sampling technique and obtained 90 respondents, and the data analysis in this study used the chi-square test. Results: Based on the results of research and discussion in this study, the distribution of respondents with knowledge of Dental and oral health with the poor category as much as 58.9%, the sufficient category 20%, and the good category as much as 21.1%, the distribution of respondents who have chewing betel nut behavior is 66.7%, and do not have betel nut chewing behavior 33.3%, and the results of the analysis using the chi-square test obtained p-value 0.000 < = 0.05. Conclusion: there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of respondents about dental and oral health with betel nut chewing behavior in the Yapen Islands Regency. It is necessary to do health promotion about dental and oral health in the Yapen Islands Regency. It can increase the knowledge and behavior of adolescent health in maintaining dental and oral health in the Yapen Islands Regency.

Differences in the effect of health promotion media using booklets and audio visuals on the level of caries knowledge 6th grade student dental 09 Aie Pacah Elementary School

Dental and oral health problems generally occur due to low public knowledge about good oral and dental care. This study aimed to determine the effect of health promotion media using booklets and audiovisuals on the level of dental caries knowledge of 6th-grade students of SDN 09 Aie Pacah. This type of research is quantitative, using a quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest research design. The research sample comprised 58 respondents who were divided into 2 groups, namely 29 respondents for each group, using the total sampling technique. Data analysis includes paired t-tests and independent t-tests. The results showed the difference in knowledge before and after dental caries health education in respondents with booklet media (p= 0,000) and audiovisual media (p= 0,000). There was no difference between the groups who had been given health education using booklets and audiovisual media on the dental caries knowledge of 6th graders at SDN 09 Aie Pacah (p= 0,863). In conclusion, booklets and audiovisual media increase knowledge about dental caries health in elementary school children. There is no difference in dental health education using the booklet and audiovisual media.