Dental Gel Research Articles

Resistance against Erosive Challenge of Dental Enamel Treated with 1,450-PPM Fluoride Toothpastes Containing Different Biomimetic Compounds.

Objectives This in vitro study aimed to characterize the superficial and subsurface morphology of dental enamel treated with fluoridated gels containing different biomimetic compounds after erosive challenge. Materials and Methods Bovine incisor teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 6 mm; n = 5) that were demineralized to create an artificial caries lesion and treated by pH cycling interspersed with exposure to fluoridated toothpaste slurries under agitation. During pH cycling (demineralization and remineralization for 2 and 22 hours, respectively) for 6 days, the enamel blocks were exposed to toothpaste slurries under agitation with one of the dental gels: Regenerate Enamel Science (NR-5 technology), Daily Regenerator Dental Clean (REFIX technology), and Sensodyne Repair & Protect (Novamin technology). The enamel blocks were subjected to an erosive challenge, immersed in 50% citric acid for 2 minutes, and then washed with plenty of distilled water. The surface and cross-sectional micromorphology were assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elemental analyses (weight percentage) were determined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results Enamel treated with the product containing REFIX technology presented a smoother surface morphology compared to the other treatments. The higher resistance to the erosive challenge can be attributed to a silicon-enriched mineral layer formed on the enamel induced by the REFIX-based toothpaste. This was not observed in the specimens treated with the other technology-containing toothpastes. Conclusion The REFIX technology seemed to be the most promising compared to the Novamin and NR-5 technologies. In addition to forming a surface mineralized layer, the enamel treated with REFIX technology associated with the pH cycling resisted a subsequent erosive challenge.

The effectiveness of a dental gel with barberry extract in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis in orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with fixed appliances

Relevance. The high necessity in orthodontic treatment among young patients and the use of fixed orthodontic appliances for the treatment of dental pathology are the factors that initiate inflammatory periodontal processes. Timely diagnosis and optimal preventive and treatment procedures can prevent or stop the inflammatory periodontal complications which could have developed during the orthodontic treatment. One of the effective methods for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is the use of targeted antimicrobial agents based on medicinal plants that have specific antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. Purpose – to study the effectiveness of the dental gel with barberry extract for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis in orthodontic patients during the active phase of the treatment with fixed appliances.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients (35 women and 25 men) aged 18 to 35 years who had presented for the orthodontic care. The patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were randomly divided into two groups. In group I, the patients were prescribed applications of a dental gel with barberry extract; in group II, this medication was not prescribed. The clinical condition of the periodontium was assessed with periodontal indices PMA, SBI and OHI-S. The immune status was evaluated by the level of secretory IgA, interleukins (IL-1β and IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The patients were followed up during 1 month of treatment. The results were statistically processed with Statsoft Statistica 8.0 and Graph Pad Prism 5.0.Results. In group II, the production of immunoglobulin IgA, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was impaired after a month of treatment, associated with a significant deterioration in the oral hygiene status and an increase in PMA (by 3 times), SBI (by 5.3 times) indices. In group II, the oral fluid concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4 and TNF-α significantly differed from those in group I as of the 7th day of the observation period and indicated suppression of the mucosal immunity. Clinical and immune parameters of the group I patients improved and were comparable with the control by the end of the observation month.Conclusions. Patients with dental abnormalities are at risk of developing inflammatory periodontal diseases. The results of the immunological tests, performed during the treatment with the use of a dental gel with barberry extract, demonstrated the recovery of the local immunity, as evidenced by the elevation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva and improvement of cytokine profile parameters.

Mineral bischofite complexes in medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis

The purpose of the research is to improve the efficiency of restorative treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis based on the inclusion in therapeutic schemes of innovative mineral bishophytic complexes ― gel "Bishophytic" and rinser "Polymineral."
 Materials and methods. The study involved 116 patients at the age of 35 to 73 years old suffering from periodontal pathology (mild and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis). They were distributed by simple randomization into 3 groups: the main group included 43 people who received standard treatment in accordance with Russian clinical recommendations for the treatment of periodontitis, 45 minutes later the patients were prescribed some applications with 10% dental gel "Bishophytic" on the gum, in addition, the patients were recommended to use a rinser "Polymineral" for 6 months; the group of comparison included39 people who received standard treatment and gum applications with 10% "Bishophytic" dental gel; the control group) included 38 people who received only standard treatment.
 Results. Inclusion of mineral bishophytic complexes in treatment programs of patients with CGP contributes to significant reduction of inflammatory activity of periodontal tissues: 61.3% (p 0.01) had the improvement of hygienic and plaque indices in comparison with initial data; 54.6% (р 0,01) had the improvement after additional use of only gum applications with "Bishophytic" gel; the improvement was 52.2% (р 0.01) after basic drug therapy. Thus, the improvement of enzymatic processes was by 30.0% (p 0.01), 26.9% (p 0.01) and 7.8%; reduction of cytokine activity by 62.8% (p0.01), 61.1% (p 0.01) and 40%; the improvement of dental health by 84.0% (p 0.01), 80.7% (p 0.01) and 74.5% (p 0.01) at рkg-ог 0,05 and рkg-ог0,01.
 Conclusion. Inclusion of innovative mineral bishophytic complexes (gel "Bishophytic" and rinser "Polymineral") in treatment programs of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis contributes to optimization of therapeutic measures: clinical effectiveness in the main group was 93.0%; after usage of dental gel "Bishophytic" (group of comparison) it was 89.7% and after basic therapy (control group) 81.6%.

Randomised controlled trial of a microneedle patch with a topical anaesthetic for relieving the pain of dental injections

ObjectivesTo determine whether a microneedle patch combined with 5% topical lidocaine reduces dental injection pain more than a patch without microneedles combined with 5% topical lidocaine. MethodsThis proof of principle randomised, two-treatment, double-blind, crossover split-unit design study in 16 healthy participants investigated levels of perceived pain from 3 increasing pain provoking challenges, when topical 5% lidocaine dental gel was applied to the oral mucosa with a microneedle patch and a patch with no microneedles, prior to infiltration with local anaesthesia on 2 visits. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and 4-point verbal rating scale (VRS). Results15 participants completed the study. Mean pain scores, lower at buccal sites, increased in both groups across challenges 1−3: Test palatal 5.1, 11.9, 26.8; buccal 0.7, 2.8, 18.3; Control palatal 12.3, 18.7, 39.5; buccal 4.0, 6.9, 30.6. The microneedle patch plus lidocaine significantly lowered VAS pain scores at both sites for all challenges, the biggest mean difference seen palatally after challenge 3 (12.7, p < 0.001). VRS pain scores were also significantly reduced for test compared to control for all 3 challenges (p = 0.014). Buccal scores favoured the microneedle patch, significantly for pain challenge 3 (p = 0.025). No adverse events occurred. ConclusionsPrior oral application of a microneedle patch combined with 5% topical lidocaine gel reduced the pain experienced from dental infiltration. Microneedle patch use in the dental setting offers the prospect of improving degree and depth of anaesthesia from topically applied anaesthetic gel, without itself causing any pain. Clinical SignificanceDental injections are associated with fear and anxiety. Application of a microneedle patch, combined with topical anaesthetic, to the oral mucosa prior to delivery of the injection reduces the pain from this dental procedure. This novel technique may allay patients’ apprehension of local anaesthesia and improve quality of life outcomes.

Evaluating efficacy of a novel dentifrice in reducing probing depths in Stage I and II periodontitis maintenance patients: A randomized, double-blind, positive controlled clinical trial.

Compliance to periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) is essential for long-term periodontal health. Between PMT visits, patients must maintain good oral hygiene. A dentifrice with demonstrable clinical benefits for use between PMT visits would be highly desirable. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effect of a novel dental gel on probing depths (PD) and inflammation when used as a home care dentifrice in Stage I and II periodontitis patients. This double-blind clinical study randomized 65 subjects with Stage I and II periodontitis to the novel dental gel containing 2.6% EDTA, and a commercially available anti-gingivitis dentifrice with 0.454% stannous fluoride. Primary endpoint was PD at 6 months for those sites with baseline PD ≥ 4mm and secondary endpoints included whole mouth mean scores of modified gingival index (MGI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and plaque index (PI). No SRP was performed at baseline. Subjects using the novel dentifrice showed significant PD reductions of 1.18mm (from 4.27mm at baseline to 3.09mm at 6 months) compared to 0.93mm (from 4.23mm at baseline to 3.30mm at 6 months) shown for those using the positive control dentifrice. Difference between treatments at 6 months was 0.21mm with P-value=0.0126. Significant improvements in MGI (P=0.0000), mSBI (P=0.0000), and PI (P=0.0102) were also observed in 6 months. The novel dentifrice showed significant reductions in PD and gingival inflammation over 6 months solely as a home care dentifrice without baseline SRP in Stage I and II periodontitis maintenance patients.

Development of methods for analysis of the amount of flavonoids and their stability study in the combined dental gel

An important aspect in the pharmaceutical development of dental medicines is to provide them with a prolonged therapeutic effect while reducing the side effects of drug substances and the possibility of long-term use. This can be achieved by using active components of plant origin. Aim. To develop methods for analyzing biologically active substances in the composition of a new combined dental gel. Materials and methods. The study object was a dental gel containing “Phytodent” complex tincture (PJSC “CPP Chervona zirka”, Ukraine). Based on the analysis of the composition of the tincture it was proposed to carry out standardization by the amount of biologically active substances, namely flavonoids. Identification was carried out by TLC, while the quantitative determination by absorption spectrophotometry, the ultraviolet and visible method by the reaction with aluminum chloride using the standard method calculated with reference to rutin and the absorbance measurement at 406 nm. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, the methods for the analysis of flavonoids in the composition of the new combined gel have been developed. The spectrophotometric method developed is characterized by specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity with r = 0.9998. One of the important issues when using components of plant origin is their stability both during preparation and storage. Using the method developed the stability of flavonoids has been studied depending on pH changes of the carbomer-based dental gel. Conclusions. It has been determined that the methods developed are easily reproducible and allow to identifying and quantifying flavonoids in the dental gel. It has been found that a stable content of flavonoids is characteristic of the carbomer-based gel neutralized to pH values from 5.0 to 6.0.

Modified Sliding Singular Spectrum Analysis-Based Noncontact-Type Detection of Separated Instrument in Root Canal Therapy Using Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Pattern Transceiver Design

In root canal therapy, breakage of the instrument in the root canal is the most common problem which may lead to failure of the treatment. The live localization of the separated instrument from root canal is a major challenge. The radiographic imaging and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based detection methods are proposed by various researchers. In this article, a novel approach (noncontact type) is proposed which uses ultrasonic signal for detection and continuous localization of the separated instrument in the root canal. The ultrasonic signal is transmitted in the root canal using 20-80-kHz ultrasonic pattern generator designed using dental gel without directly touching the ultrasound probe to the tooth (noncontact type). The signals from tooth are received by the designed ultrasonic sensor using dental gel again as interface and then analyzed using sliding singular spectrum analysis (SSSA) approach to extract the information about the position of the separated instrument. The detected position of the separated instrument is displayed in real-time on the screen in a doctor-friendly form. The design has been tested on extracted teeth and human jaws at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India. This novel approach demonstrates an efficiency of approximately 87% and provides an ultraeconomical solution. The results show that this approach reduces the efforts to detect the position of the separated instrument without the loss of tooth anatomy and helps doctor extract the broken instrument out of root canal.

Comparative evaluation of pain perception following topical application of clove oil, betel leaf extract, lignocaine gel, and ice prior to intraoral injection in children aged 6-10 years: a randomized control study.

BackgroundIn the field of dentistry, topical anesthetics play an important role in reducing pain during needle pricks. The anesthetic property of betel leaves remain unexplored, even though they have been widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate pain perception following topical application of lignocaine gel, clove gel, ice, and newly developed betel leaf extract gel during intraoral injection in children.MethodsSixty children aged 6–10 years who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups. Topical anesthetic agents, 2% lignocaine (Lox-2% Jelly, Neon, Mumbai, India), 4.7% clove gel (Pain Out Dental Gel, Colgate Palmolive India Ltd, Solan, India), 10% betel leaf extract gel, and ice were applied to each group for one min, followed by administration of infiltration anesthesia. Pain perception was analyzed during needle insertion. The Wong Bakers FACES pain rating scale (WBFPRS) was used for subjective assessment and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale for objective assessment. Recorded values were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS software with a P value set at 0.05.ResultsThe clove oil and betel leaf groups demonstrated the highest WBFPRS scores, followed by the ice and lignocaine groups. The clove, betel leaf extract, and ice groups showed equal and highest SEM scores, followed by the lignocaine group. The mean WBFPRS and mean SEM scores were statistically significant.ConclusionBetel leaf extract gel is effective in reducing pain and can act as an alternative topical anesthetic agent.

Застосування медикаментозних засобів тривалої дії для лікування пародонтита

Resume. The most common and universal method of treating periodontitis is periodontal pocket curettage and root surface smoothing (SRP), after which it is important to prevent re-infection of the pocket. For this purpose, antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs are prescribed. For many years, periodontists have used the systemic administration of high doses of antibiotics during and after the completion of SRP in order to achieve the desired concentration of the drug in the gingival fluid. Such tactics often led to organic complications. In recent years, the method of introducing antimicrobial agents immobilized on natural or synthetic polymers directly into the periodontal pocket has become widespread. Such compositions slowly dissolve on the spot and eventually release the desired drug component. The study analyzes the publications of recent years on the use of controlled release systems of drugs injected into the periodontal pocket. The most common problems that may arise during the application of this method of treatment are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using such systems are indicated. The indications and contraindications for the use of controlled drug delivery systems are considered, data on their comparative clinical efficacy are given. The main dosage forms used for introduction into the periodontal pocket are described, the drugs registered and sold in Ukraine are listed and the data on their therapeutic efficacy. The future prospects of application of this method in periodontology are also considered in the work. Key words: periodontitis treatment, controlled local drug delivery systems, dental gels and films.

In vitro analysis of the pH stability of dental bleaching gels during in-office procedures.

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that acidic bleaching gels could lead to worse collateral effects during an in-office bleaching procedure, while neutral or basic products leads towards a better experience. Considering this fact, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH behavior of 6 in-office bleaching gels, compared to the information provided by their manufacturers. Material and MethodsThirty enamel discs of bovine teeth were prepared, the initial colors of which were measured by a spectrophotometer and then divided into 6 groups. A pH meter was used to measure the pH every 30 seconds until the end of each procedure, when a new color evaluation was then made. The Tukey test was used for statistical analysis of the results. ResultsThere was no difference in the color variation (ΔE) between the groups (p> 0.05). In two groups, the pH variation (ΔpH) showed neutral stability, with initial and final pH averages of 7.04 and 7.11 (p = 0.08) and 7.21 and 7.19 (p = 0.55), respectively; in another, there was alkaline stability, with an initial and final pH average of 8.54 and 8.37 (p = 0.14). In the other three brands, however, the results showed acidification, with initial and final pH averages of 6.14 and 5.22 (p = 0.001), 6.05 and 5.16 (p = 0.001) and 7.14 and 5.83 (p = 0.001), respectively. ConclusionsIn 3 of the evaluated gels, a discrepancy existed between the manufacturer’s information and the data obtained, which could lead, considering previous studies discussed throughout this article, to unexpected collateral effects on the patients, especially dental sensitivity. Thus, clinicians and researchers should be aware about pH stability studies of in-office bleaching gels for better predictability and safety on their clinical usage. Key words:Tooth bleaching, Bleaching agents, Hydrogen-ion concentration, Dentin sensitivity, Hydrogen peroxide.

Efficacy of a plant-based dental gel for chronic simple marginal gingivitis: a clinical trial

High prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young people along with unfavourable outcomes and long-term consequences cause great damage to health, thereby determining the importance and urgency of this problem in modern dentistry. Herein, we introduced a gel based on sanguiritrin, medicinal extracts of calendula and yarrow, and evaluated its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic simple marginal gingivitis in the clinical study involving 45 patients aged 18 to 23 years (26 females and 19 males). In the treatment group (23 patients), after professional oral hygiene and correction of hygiene skills, the dental gel based on sanguiritrin, medicinal extracts of calendula and yarrow was applied as part of complex therapy, while in the control group (22 patients) the Cholisal gel was used. The data obtained from hygienic and periodontal indices following the treatment (OHI-S — 0.39±0.03; PBI — 1.12±0.06; PMA — 16.4±1.31%) showed clinical anti-inflammatory efficacy of the introduced dental gel in the treatment of gingivitis, while positive indices dynamics of the dental status (OHI-S — 0.64±0.03; PBI — 0.42±0.03; PMA — 9.92±1.42%) evaluated in 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the therapy indicated of the stability of obtained results.

Development of Thermoreversible Dental Gel with Berberine

Introduction. Dental gel is one of the modern dosage forms with optimal biopharmaceutical properties for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases An isoquinoline alkaloid berberine is the promising active substance with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect, capable of forming stable dispersed systems with gel-forming components. It is noteworthy that, despite the pronounced antimicrobial activity of the alkaloid berberine, there is currently no dental dosage form with this component on the pharmaceutical market, and therefore research in this direction is of great interest.Aim. Selection of the optimal technology for obtaining dental gel with berberine for the treatment of oral diseases.Materials and methods. Berberine bisulfate (manufactured by CJSC «Vifitech», Obolensk, Moscow region, RF), poloxamers P407 and P338 (EP, USP/N; BASF, Germany), propylene glycol (USP; BASF, Germany), sodium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, Cat. No. S9888), mucin type II from a pig stomach (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, Cat. No. M2378). In the development of the composition and technology for the preparation of gels, a magnetic stirrer with a temperature control function (C-MAG HS 7 from IKA, Germany) was used. Gels were prepared by the «hot method» and «cold method».Results and discussion. The production of the gel by the «hot method» provided a uniform dosage form. The obtained pH value is within the range of optimal diapason. Measurement of the specific peel force of the model gel sample showed pronounced mucoadhesive properties, which indicates that there is no need to adjust this parameter by introducing additional components into the formulation. The spectroscopic method is applicable for the analysis of berberine gel. It has been found that a significant dilution of the reference substance sample is required to develop an identification procedure.Conclusion. The production of a sample of the dosage form by the «hot method» is optimal, which is probably due to the effect of solubilization and better distribution of the active substance in the base.

Comparative Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Commercially Available Different Dental Gels: An In-vitro Study.

The topical routes of administering drugs have certain visible advantages, such as the direct application of a drug to the site of action and persistence of action for a prolonged duration. More stability and better application property of gel allow its use for topical application. To determine and compare antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different dental gels. For the evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different antiseptic gels on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, well-diffusion method was used. To assess the antibacterial efficacy after incubation in an appropriate culture medium, diameter of zone of inhibition was measured. Maximum zone of inhibition was found with Cure next gel (40 mm,40mm) followed by Hexigel (30 mm, 21mm), Mucopain (17 mm, 17mm), and Dologel (7 mm, 16mm) against S. mutans and L. acidophilus, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test were used to analyze results statistically. The difference between commercially available different dental gels was statistically significant (P < 0.001) at a 5%. In the present study, it was observed that Curenext gel was more effective, followed by Hexigel, Mucopain gel, and Dologel on S. Mutans and L. Acidophilus.

The Influence of pH Values on the Rheological, Textural and Release Properties of Carbomer Polacril® 40P-Based Dental Gel Formulation with Plant-Derived and Synthetic Active Components.

The physicochemical properties, especially pH value of dental medicines, have significant influence on the health of oral cavity tissues. The pH of formulations should correspond to the value of saliva pH (5.5–8.0). For carbomer-based gels, the required pH value is obtained by neutralizing them with alkaline components, which leads to their structuring (thickening). This affects the physical properties of the gel, its residence time at the application site and the rate of release of active pharmaceutical ingredient. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the rheological, textural, and biopharmaceutical properties of Carbomer Polacril® 40P-based dental gel depending on the pH value. Evaluation of the rheological properties of gel preparations were performed by measuring the structural viscosity of the samples as a function of pH and temperature. The textural properties of the gel were evaluated by performing tests regarding back extrusion and spreadability. Carbomer Polacril® 40P-based gels haven’t shown noticeable thixotropic behavior, and were characterized by plastic flow in the whole studied pH range. The structural viscosity at the selected average pH value hasn’t differed at storage (25 °C) and application (37 °C) temperature. Texture studies of dental gels have shown a strong correlation with rheoparameters. Their rheological behavior and textural properties haven’t changed significantly between the pH range of 5.5–6.6. The relatively narrow range of working pH values does not affect the change in the viscosity of the preparation significantly and, consequently, does not affect the release of APIs from the developed Carbomer Polacril® 40P-based dental gel.

Influence of different acid etching times on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to bovine enamel

IntroductionThe most used product for surface acid conditioning for enamel is 37–40% phosphoric acid, which promotes greater mechanical retention. AimThe objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to bovine enamel with different acid conditioning protocols and to analyze the surface morphology. Materials and methods169 teeth (n = 13) were divided into 4 groups: control group without conditioning (G1), Dental Gel 37% phosphoric acid (Dentsply) (G2), Ultra Etch 35% (Ultradent) (G3) and Attaque gel 37% (Biodinâmica) (G4). Groups G2, G3 and G4 were subdivided according to the conditioning time into: 10 s (a), 15 s (b), 30 s (c) and 60 s (d). The superficial enamel morphology (n = 3) was analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the depth of the microporosities. The samples were submitted to the shear test (SBS) with the aid of a universal testing machine (INSTRON) with a speed of 1 mm/min. The enamel after debonding was analyzed to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI) in a stereoscopic magnifying glass. Statistical analysis usedThe SBS data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. ARI data were analyzed using generalized linear models and SEM measurements were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests. The 95% significance level was used. ResultsThe SBS within G2, G3 and G4 ranged from 11.11 to 12.66 MPa. ARI score 3 was observed in 35% of the samples. The samples analyzed in the SEM showed microporosity depth rangingfrom 1.28 to 2.48 μm. ConclusionsThere was no difference between the acids and times evaluated for SBS. The ARI analysis showed that the studied acids provide protection to the enamel surface, keeping the adhesive attached to the buccal surface after debonding. The increase in conditioning time is directly proportional to the deterioration of the prismatic and interprismatic content.

PHARMACOECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF ANTI-PERIODONTOSIS DRUGS

In this work, a retrospective analysis of anti-periodontosis drugs is carried out using the methods of pharmacoeconomic analysis: analysis of the "cost of disease" (direct costs), "cost-effectiveness" for promoting the original drug "Matripin-Dent" on the pharmaceutical market. In the clinic of the Dental Institute of Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov (Almaty), clinical trials of a new domestic phytopreparation “Dental gel Matripin-Dent” were carried out. The gel preparation was used in the complex therapy of periodontal diseases of an inflammatory and inflammatory-destructive nature. As a result of the experimental studies, it was found that "Matripin-Dent", due to the original composition of the gel composition, provides high adhesion to mucous surfaces, ensures reliable fixation of the drug on the gums, contributes to a better distribution of active components due to good absorption of the ointment base composition. It has been proven that the developed dosage form "Matripin-Dent" based on pharmacologically active compounds of Populus balsamifera L. buds and flowers, leaves, buds of Matricaria chamomilla L. has a number of advantages in comparison with the drugs existing on the pharmaceutical market used in dental practice.

Effectiveness of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide hydride in the complex treatment of patients with peri implantitis

Background: In treating peri-implantitis, dentists pay attention to drugs that do not contain chemically aggressive agents. They rather use those having natural mechanisms for normalization of the functional activity of cells and tissues in addition to local antiseptic and antibacterial agents.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide hydride dental gel in the treatment of peri-implantitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Depending on the therapeutic tactics patients (n = 40), we divided patients into two groups. In Group 1 (n=20), we used a standard treatment of peri-implantitis including professional hygiene measures, antiseptic treatment and the use of antibacterial agents. In Group 2 (n = 20), the complex treatment included photodynamic effects of 1% photosensitizer gel instead of the antibacterial therapy.&#x0D; Results: Due to the use of the photodynamic therapy in addition to standard treatment of group 2 patients, the concentration of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the peri-implantation exudate reached the level of healthy people in the gingival fluid. In addition, the concentrations of cathepsin K and interleukin-6 were as close as possible to the control level.&#x0D; Conclusion: The use of NADH for peri-implantitis helps to eliminate inflammatory phenomena and stimulates the regeneration of the oral mucosa.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SODIUM HYALURONATE IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMBINED DENTAL GEL

According to the EP monograph "Sodium hyaluronate" for identification they use the infrared transmission spectrum of the substance, quantification is carried out by spectrophotometry. The aim of the work was to develop a method for quantitative determination of hyaluronic acid in the gel in the presence of other substances and its validation. Materials and Methods. The object of the study were samples of combined dental gel of the following composition: metronidazole benzoate 16 mg/g, miramistin 5 mg / g, sodium hyaluronate 2 mg / g. Identification and quantification of sodium hyaluronate was performed by liquid chromatography (SPhU, 2.2.29, 2.2.46). The test solution and the reference solution were chromatographed, obtaining the number of parallel chromatograms not less than when checking the suitability of the chromatographic system. Chromatography is performed on a liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector under the following conditions: chromatographic column PL-aquagel-OH, Agilent size 300 mm × 7.5 mm, with a particle size of sorbent 8 μm; mobile phase A: 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution; mobile phase B: acetonitrile for chromatography P; detection at a wavelength of 210 nm. Results. The retention time of sodium hyaluronate on the chromatogram of the test sample of the gel coincides with the peak and the retention time on the chromatogram of the comparison solution of the standard sample of the substance. The suitability of the chromatographic system for 3 parallel determinations was checked: the relative standard deviation (RSD) is equal to 0.25, the number of theoretical plates is 980, the symmetry coefficient is 1.293. The validation characteristics of the developed methodology meet the established eligibility criteria. The spectral purity coefficients (Fp) of the sodium hyaluronate peak on the chromatograms of the model solution are Fp1=997.665 and Fp2=997,802. The method is linear in the range of sodium concentration of hyaluronate 80–120 %, the calculated linear dependence of the reduced area of the chromatographic peak on the reduced concentration of sodium hyaluronate is |a|=1.9490≤Δa=2.56. The confidence interval of the unit value for the sample of relations is found / entered Δz=1.08, which corresponds to the condition Δz≤1.6 %. The value of the systematic error is equal to δ=0.12, which satisfies the condition δ≤0.51 %. Conclusions. The method of quantitative determination of sodium hyaluronate by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and investigated. The method allows the identification and quantification of sodium hyaluronate in the composition of the dental gel, in the presence of metronidazole benzoate and miramistin. Validation of the methodology was performed and the main validation characteristics were determined. In terms of specificity, linearity, correctness, convergence of the method meets the eligibility criteria established by the SPhU.

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE DENTAL GEL OF COMBINED COMPOSITION

The growing prevalence of periodontal and oral mucosa diseases results in increasing number of people in need of orthopedic treatment due to tooth loss, which, accordingly, requires quality dental care.&#x0D; The aim – is to study the pharmacological action of a new dental drug of combined composition in the form of a mucoadhesive gel under the conditional name "Cholident" for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the periodontium, oral mucosa and to facilitate adaptation to removable dentures.&#x0D; Material and Methods. The study of antiexudative activity of the dental gel was performed on a model of carrageenan edema using electronic plethysmometer, manufactured by WPI. As a reference drug, "Kamistad®" gel (STADA Arzneimittel, AG, Germany) was used. Evaluation of the reparative effect of the gel was performed on the model of thermal burn. At light optical research of histologic micronutrients epithelialization, border zone creation, infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages) and angiogenesis have been evaluated.&#x0D; Results. After application of the gel under study, the antiexudative effect began to appear after 30 minutes, as evidenced by a decrease in the volume of the affected paw, while a similar effect of the comparison drug was observed only 60 minutes after application to the paw. The study drug also showed a longer action, as the antiexudative effect was still observed 120 min after application, while in the control group there was no decrease in paw volume after 90 min of the experiment. Sustained decrease of the combustion wound area in the animals to which the studied gel was applied has been demonstrated. Activation of epithelial proliferation in the border area, increase in the height of regenerating epidermis and formation of a thin layer of cells in the combustion area, signs of demarcation zone formation, and increase in density of newly formed vessels in the border zone dermis have been revealed by the results of histological examination.&#x0D; Conclusions. The results show that the studied gel has a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, which in severity and duration of action exceeds the comparison drug, reduces the local inflammatory response and promotes skin regeneration in the acute phase of combustion.

Complex treatment of chronic periodontitis of mild and moderate severity using nicotine adenine dinucleotide hydride

The article discusses the method of treatment of chronic periodontitis using a dental gel containing NADH. The use of NADH for chronic periodontitis helps to eliminate inflammatory phenomena and stimulates the regeneration of the oral mucosa.