Dental Status Research Articles

A rural teledentistry care experience: a geriatric approach to assessing oral health status and treatment needs in older adults from a Mapuche community in Chile.

Limited attention has been given to oral health challenges faced by older Indigenous populations, especially in rural settings, where disparities exist. This study aims to assess oral health in a rural Mapuche community in southern Chile, utilizing geriatric technology support, and exploring the connection between geriatric health and oral well-being to fill a gap in this context. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 76 independent older adults from a rural Mapuche community who required dental care. Assessments were in a remote care setting gathering extensive data including comprehensive geriatric assessments, medical and dental conditions using a geriatric teledentistry platform (TEGO®). Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and both multiple correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis. The sample comprised individuals with limited formal education and a high degree of vulnerability. Geriatric assessments unveiled cognitive deterioration, frailty, depression risk, and multimorbidity. A distribution of the DMFT index, number of remaining teeth, number of occluding pairs, number of teeth with restorative needs and other relevant clinical findings was conducted based on sociodemographic, and medical-geriatric-dental characteristics, and additionally, a Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of Dentition Variables in Relation to Geriatric Assessments was performed. The dental burden was substantial, with an average DMFT index of 25.96 (SD 4.38), high prevalence of non-functional dentition (89.3%), periodontal disease (83%), xerostomia (63.2%) and oral mucosal lesions (31.5%). Age, lower education, depression, daily medication number and sugary consumption frequency were associated with a decreased average number of teeth (p < 0.05). Multiple correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis identified 4 clusters, with the edentulous and functional dentition groups being the most distinct. This study uncovers a substantial dental burden and intricate medical-geriatric conditions interlinked among Indigenous older adults in a rural Chilean Mapuche community. The implementation of a geriatric technological ecosystem in the community enabled the resolution of less complex oral health issues and facilitated remote consultations with specialists, reducing the necessity for travel to health centers. This underscores the need for innovative dental public health initiatives to address health disparities and improve the overall well-being of older Indigenous adults.

Use of dental care services among adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and socio-behavioral determinants of ever-use of dental care services among adolescents aged 10–18 years, living with HIV, on Antiretroviral treatment (ART), and attending selected HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out between March and September 2020. The study conveniently recruited 154 adolescents between 10 and 18 years old from 4 specific HIV clinics in Kampala. Andersen’s behavioral model guided the selection of variables, with the ever-use of dental care services as the outcome and predisposing, enabling, need-related factors and personal dental health practices as exposure variables. Data were analyzed using Fischer’s exact test for cross-tabulation and modified Poisson regression for multivariate analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of ever-use of dental care services was 12.3%. The adolescents aged 14–18 had higher odds of using dental care services (Prevalence ratio (PR) of 3.35 than those aged 10–13 years. Fear of the spread of HIV was negatively associated with ever-use of dental care services (PR of 0.06). Participants who were afraid of going to the dentist had higher odds of using dental care services (PR of 2.98) than those not afraid. Failure to receive dental treatment because it was not part of the medical appointment had a positive association with the ever-use of dental care services (PR of 4.50). Those who were satisfied with their dental condition had lower odds of using dental care services. The bad oral odor was positively associated with the ever-use of dental care services (PR of 2.80). The use of soap for toothbrushing was positively associated with the ever-use of dental care services (PR of 2.51).ConclusionThe study found a low frequency of dental care use among HIV-infected adolescents in Kampala, Uganda, with age being a predisposing factor. Enabling factors included fear of HIV spread, medical-dental appointment incoordination, and satisfaction with the dental condition and bad oral odor while under personal dental health practices. The use of soap for toothbrushing was an important association with dental care. Nevertheless, these study results cannot be generalized to the entire HIV adolescent population in Uganda.

Two years outcome of an individualized oral health preventive program for preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Limited data exist on the effectiveness of oral health preventive programs in children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized preventive oral health program for preschool children with NDD at a rehabilitation center, over a two years period. In this study, 102 preschool children with NDD were assessed for caries (dmft), oral hygiene status (Green & Vermillion Index) and presence of developmental dental defects. An individualized preventive program was applied based on caries risk and children were followed for two years. Effectiveness of the program was assessed for caries and dental plaque change and explanatory individual factors were used in multivariate models. After two years prospective, dmft increased significantly from 1.1 (SD=2.7) to 2.04 (SD=3.6), while GVPI was reduced significantly from 1.8 (SD=0.9) to 1.4 (SD=0.9). Children in the moderate and high-risk groups missed significantly more follow-ups compared to the low caries risk group (p<.001) while older maternal age (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.057-1.808) and consumption of more than three sugary snacks/day (OR=0.005, 95%CI=0-0.0794) were significantly correlated with dental caries. The individualized preventive program for preschool children with NDD was effective in improving oral hygiene but not dental caries status.

Can systematic dental examinations or treatments in addition to routine multidisciplinary treatment in a palliative care unit (PCU) improve the quality of life (QoL) and symptom burden (SB) of patients (Pt) receiving palliative care (PC)?

e23163 Background: Pt with advanced cancer who require PC often experience not only common symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, or nausea, but also oral health and dental problems. In many PC teams, and even in dedicated PCUs, the inclusion of dentists in the Pt care team is rare, resulting in a lack of routine dental screening or treatment. Objectives:To investigate the extent to which Pt admitted to a PCU suffer from oral health or dental problems and to explore the impact of incorporating dentists into inpatient PC, with a focus on improving QoL and reducing SB. Methods: In this monocentric study, data were collected in one PCU over a period of eight months. At admission, T0, Pt underwent both a dental examination and interviews using established questionnaires, the EORTC QLQ-C30 (core, general) and OH 15 (oral health). One week later, at T1, Pt underwent a follow-up examination and interview. The QLQ-C30 is a widely accepted instrument developed to assess health-related QoL in cancer Pt. Results: A total of n = 103 Pt (48.5% women) were enrolled. The median time since the last dental visit was 1 year. The dental status at T0 was worse (Table 1). At T1, statistically and clinically significant changes in oral QoL and SB were observed. Notable changes were observed in OH-QoL score (mean 60.60 vs. 88.40, p &lt; 0.001), sticky saliva (mean 38.10 vs. 11.28, p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity to food and drink (mean 35.25 vs. 8.16, p &lt; 0.001), sore mouth (mean 23.87 vs. 4.98, p &gt; 0.001), and poorly fitting dentures (mean 38.63 vs. 8.07, p &lt; 0.001). Improvements in xerostomia, candidiasis and mucositis were also observed. A confidential survey was administered to both Pt and palliative care staff to assess their satisfaction with the addition of systematic dental care to routine multidisciplinary PC. 97% of respondents indicated a high level of satisfaction with this treatment program. Conclusions: The study underscores the powerful contribution of integrating a dentist into the PC, e.g. in a PCU, resulting in a notable reduction in oral symptom burden. This contributes to improved care status, alleviation of distressing symptoms and ultimately an improvement in QoL. The results strongly support the consideration of dental support (e.g. routine dental screening) as an integral part of PC. [Table: see text]

Assessment of Correlation between Genetic Taste Perception Hormonal Fingerprint and Dental Caries Incidence in Schoolgoing Children: An In Vivo Study.

Genetic predilection toward sweeter cariogenic foods mediated by the TAS2R38 gene, tested by phenylthiourea [phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)] compounds. Some individuals find it extremely bitter whereas some find it completely tasteless, being classified as a taster and a nontaster respectively. A majority of nontasters prefer foods with sweeter and stronger flavors, thus making them more susceptible to dental caries. Genetic taste perception is greatly influenced by prenatal androgen exposure represented by hormonal fingerprint, that is, ratio of second to fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio), thus making it a precise biomarker to quantify an individual's genetic taste perception and in turn their caries susceptibility. To find a correlation of genetic taste perception with the hormonal fingerprint and dental caries prevalence in children. A total of 96 children were selected at random for the study and divided into two groups based on their gender. A genetic taste perception test was carried out using PTC strips, and they were classified as tasters and nontasters. Then, the hormonal fingerprint was recorded by calculating the ratio of the index finger and ring finger. Following this, decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) was recorded. A strong positive correlation was observed among nontasters, with a preference for sweeter foods associated with a high caries index. Conversely, no relationship was found between genetic taste perception and the hormonal fingerprint. The present study positively demonstrates an association of genetic taste perception and dental caries due to an increased preference for sweeter foods among nontasters. Although no correlation was found between the genetic taste perception, the hormonal fingerprint, and the dental caries status of an individual. Kulshrestha A, Shah P, Jagtap C, et al. Assessment of Correlation between Genetic Taste Perception Hormonal Fingerprint and Dental Caries Incidence in Schoolgoing Children: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(6):690-694.

Dental Pulp Vascular Response to Early Stages of Caries

ObjectivesDuring caries progression, dental pulp is increasingly pathologically affected. Since the accurate assessment of pulp is of vital importance in clinical decision-making, this study aimed to evaluate pulpal condition in the early stages of caries via laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry and histologic analysis and determine their agreement. MethodsFourteen patients with severe dental crowding were included. Prior to extractions and orthodontic treatment, dental pulp condition of 52 premolars was evaluated via LD flowmetry. Teeth were assessed for the presence of caries and lesions were graded according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). After extractions, teeth were split and histologically stained for endothelial cells with anti–von Willebrand factor and Movat pentachrome for collagen. Volume densities of vessels (Vvasc) and collagen were calculated. ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between LD flow and Vvasc of the dental pulp with ICDAS grade. Pulpal LD flow and Vvasc in teeth with the initial lesion were increased, decreasing with progressing stages of caries. A significant positive correlation between the the pulpal LD flow and Vvasc, and a negative correlation of LD flow with collagen fibre density were noted. ConclusionsCaries affects the physiology of the dental pulp, initially with increasing vascularity, and decreasing vascularity at later stges of caries progression. Collagen contents increase with grades of ICDAS. LD flow shows good agreement with the histologic constitution of the dental pulp. Use of clinical measurements of pulpal LD flow could provide a good noninvasive indication of pulpal vascular state and its health.

К вопросу о палеопатологических особенностях населения V–VII вв. н.э. с территории Волго-Донских степей

The paper presents the results of the paleoanthropological materials study of the 5th – 7th centuries originating from under the kurgan mounds and ground burials located in the Volga-Don steppes territory. Eleven skeletal remains of 8 men, 2 women, and 1 child were studied. The data obtained as a result of the paleopathological analysis of the material dating back to the post-Hunnic-early Turkic period have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the paleoanthropological material analysis, analogies with nomadic cattle breeding groups residing on this territory in the Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Late Middle Ages have been established in terms of gender, age, and pathological indicators. The findings were confirmed despite the small number of the analyzed series. In adult individuals, a number of dental conditions were recorded, indicating that viscous foods rich in fats and proteins had dominated the diet of the early Turkic time population. The mobile lifestyle of the Volga-Don steppes population of the 5th – 7th centuries was reflected on the skeletal remains of the studied individuals in the form of stress indicators associated with horse riding and body exposure to low temperatures. The presence on a number of skulls of the studied group of traces of the use of deliberate artificial deformation allows us to make the assumption that they had traditions that were characteristic of the nomads of the Eastern European steppes of the first centuries of our era.

CVApool: using null-space of CNN weights for the tooth disease classification

In light of current developments in dental care, dental professionals have increasingly used deep learning methods to get precise diagnoses of oral problems. Using intraoral X-rays in dental radiography is imperative in many dental interventions. Integrating deep learning techniques with a unique collection of intraoral X-ray images has been undertaken to enhance the accuracy of dental disease detection. In this study, we propose an alternative pooling layer, namely the Common Vector Approach Pooling technique, to address the constraints associated with average pooling in deep learning methods. The experiments are conducted on a large dataset, involving twenty different dental conditions, divided into seven categories. Our proposed approach achieved a high accuracy rate of 86.4% in identifying dental problems across the seven oral categories.

Preventive dental care reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and pneumonia in hemodialysis population: a nationwide claims database analysis

This study aims to investigate the impact of dental care utilization status on the occurrence of fatal complications such as cerebral/cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infectious diseases in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. This retrospective cohort study was performed using the Japanese claims database and included patients who first underwent hemodialysis between April 2014 and September 2020. The exposure variable of interest was the pattern of dental utilization, which was categorized into three groups, “dental treatment group”, “preventive dental care group”, and “no-dental visit group”. The primary outcomes were the time interval until a composite end point of first major cardiovascular event (acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or cerebral infarction) of infectious disease (pneumonia and sepsis). The secondary outcomes were the time interval until the incidence of each component of primary outcomes. Survival analyses, including log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, were performed. Among the 10,873 patients who underwent the first dialysis treatment, 6152 were assigned to the no-dental visit group, 2221 to the dental treatment group, and 2500 to the preventive dental care group. The preventive dental care group had significantly lower hazard ratios (HRs) of the incidence of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.96) and infectious diseases (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.97). As for pneumonia, preventive dental care and dental treatment groups had significantly lower HRs (aHR: 0.74 and 0.80, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88, 0.66–0.96) than the no-dental visit group. This study demonstrated that dental visits for preventive dental care were associated with a significant risk reduction in CVD and infectious complications in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis.

Regular dental check-up status and related factors among Thai residents in Japan.

The objectives of this online study were to determine the status of regular dental check-ups among Thai nationals living in Japan and to identify barriers to regular dental check-ups by comparing them with general health check-ups. We conducted the online survey twice, in 2021 and 2022, among Thai nationals aged 18years and older living in Japan via social networking services by an organization that supports Thai nationals living in Japan. Respondents between the ages of 30 and 59 were included in this study. Independent factors included gender, age, length of stay in Japan, family economic status, confidence in Japanese and stay for work purposes. Dependent factors were regular dental check-ups and general health check-ups in the past year. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used for analysis. 56.6% of respondents had regular dental check-ups. The adjusted odds ratio for the proportion of people with regular dental check-ups was significantly higher for those with high economic status, 2.15 (1.06-4.33), compared with those with low economic status. It was also significantly higher 1.88 (1.10-3.21) for those with confidence in the Japanese language compared with those without. The study suggested the need for Japanese language support in addition to financial support for dental health prevention programs for foreigners living in Japan.

Association between oral health and cognitive impairment in older adults: Insights from a Six-year prospective cohort study

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationships between four baseline oral conditions (periodontal status, dental caries, tooth wear, and dentition) and repeated global cognition or domain-specific cognition (memory, executive function, attention, and verbal fluency) in non-demented older adults over time. MethodsThis prospective cohort study (2011–2019) enrolled 516 non-demented community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 65) to explore the association between oral health and cognitive function. Global and domain-specific cognition were assessed biennially (four repeats) using a battery of neuropsychological tests. The baseline oral health conditions were examined, including periodontal status, dental caries, tooth wear, and dentition. The association of these oral conditions with cognition was evaluated by generalized linear mixed models. Stratified analyses were performed by important covariates. ResultsOver time, dental caries was associated with poor memory in two different logical memory tests (β^= -0.06 and β^= -0.04). Incomplete dentition with less than 28 teeth was associated with poor performance in attention (β^= -0.05) and verbal fluency (β^= -0.03). These associations became more evident in those with an elevated inflammatory marker (IL-6, β^= -0.11 to -0.08). In contrast, tooth wear was associated with better memory in two different logical memory tests (β^= 0.33 and β^= 0.36) and better executive function (β^= 0.06) over time, and this association became more evident in those with the lowest inflammatory marker (IL-6, β^= 0.10). ConclusionsDental caries and incomplete dentition were associated with poor memory, attention, and verbal fluency performance. Conversely, tooth wear was associated with better memory performance and executive function. Clinical SignificanceFor early prevention of dementia, an evaluation of multiple dental and periodontal status in older adults helps predict the risk of dementia in the preclinical phase. Maintaining intact tooth structure without caries progression and eventually tooth loss may help prevent the worsening of memory, attention, and verbal fluency over time.

Research on Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Herbal Mouthwash

The objective of present work is to formulate and evaluate herbal mouthwash and to evaluate its effectiveness against microbial load of oral cavity. The plant materials were collected and extracted for water soluble ingredients. Prepared mouthwash was further evaluated for its physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity. The present mouthwash possesses a good antibacterial property. The results of stability study also confirm the effectiveness of preparation. Present mouthwash is a liquid preparation which normally contains antibacterial and antiseptic agents. Commercially available mouthwash formulations are often medicated and contain chemicals that may elicit adverse effects to the users. A mouthwash may be recommended for its efficacy in preventing dental caries other oral conditions due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties

DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH COUNSELING FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NGGELA VILLAGE

Children are still in a period of growth and development. Therefore, efforts to maintain oral health and dental health are critical, especially in the school and preschool environment. The development of dental health in adulthood is influenced by past dental conditions. Through counseling programs, communities can actively contribute to increasing their self-defense efforts and better understand the importance of maintaining their oral and dental health. This study aims to educate children about the importance of maintaining oral and dental health. Thus, children who receive counseling will better understand oral health.

Strategic Analysis of Feature Selection Methods for Enhanced Dental Therapy Recognition in Machine Learning Applications

The popularity of smart clinics has increased significantly as a result of technical developments in fields like computer vision. At the heart of such systems is the ability to recognize objects and activities as well as perceive the environment as a whole. This is crucial for both eco-independent systems and human-machine interaction, especially in settings with constrained workspaces, like dental care. Our study delves into an extensive analysis of multiple machine learning models designed to robustly predict dental treatments. These models encompass Lazy Instance-based Learning, Sequential Minimal Optimization, Hoeffding Tree, and Random Tree. Leveraging object-oriented input sourced from gaze-guided wearable cameras, we scrutinize intricate attributes such as material properties, patients' dental conditions, and the array of instruments in use. Notably, we exploit the insight that identifying visual cues during an activity holds the potential to address the specific therapy identification challenge. Utilizing a dental data set that we gathered in the real world, we conducted our experiments and discovered that combining multiple criteria enhances accuracy in comparison to using each one alone. We did see, nevertheless, that in certain circumstances employing the symptoms alone produced superior outcomes. Additionally, symptoms demonstrated to have lesser error than combination in terms of RMS error convergence. Finally, we observed that the machine learning models' build and test durations increased as a result of the combined method. This demonstrates that adding additional parameters does not necessarily result in better outcomes in machine learning applications generally and in medical/dental applications in particular. Instead, it relies on the machine learning tool used, the settings taken into account and the input data provided. The versatility of our approach extends beyond dental contexts. It has been systematically validated across diverse domains, including the recognition of kitchen activities within smart home environments. This methodology holds relevance for various outdoor scenarios where the focal point of attention guides ongoing activities.

German guidelines for airway management 2023.

The German airway management guidelines are intended to serve as an orientation and decision-making aid and thus contribute to the optimal care of patients undergoing anesthesiologic- and intensive medical care. As part of the pre-anesthesiologic evaluation, anatomical and physiological indications for difficult mask ventilation and intubation shall be evaluated. This includes the assessment of mouth opening, dental status, mandibular protrusion, cervical spine mobility and existing pathologies. The airway shall be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing if there are predictors or anamnestic indications of difficult or impossible mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation. Various techniques can be used here. If there is an unexpectedly difficult airway, avideo laryngoscope is recommended after unsuccessful direct laryngoscopy, consequently avideo laryngoscope must be available at every anesthesiology workplace. The airway shall primarily be secured with avideo laryngoscope in critically ill- and patients at risk of aspiration. Securing the airway using translaryngeal and transtracheal techniques is the "ultima ratio" in airway management. The performance or supervision of airway management in the intensive care unit is the responsibility of experienced physicians and nursing staff. Appropriate education and regular training are essential. Clear communication and interaction between team members are mandatory before every airway management procedure. Once the airway has been secured, the correct position of the endotracheal tube must be verified using capnography.

The effectiveness of a self-reported questionnaire on masticatory function in health examinations.

Periodontal diseases have been reported to be lifestyle-related and associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The introduction of dental checkups in a health checkup program may create a synergistic effect and aid the prevention of MetS. In Japan, a chewing function questionnaire has now been introduced into the national health checkup program. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the questionnaire reflects dental and oral conditions and whether it helps improve general and oral health. A total of 6599 subjects who underwent health checkups or guidance specified by the National Health Insurance of Japan for two consecutive years were included. A single comprehensive question to evaluate masticatory function was asked. Medical and dental examinations and insurance data were collected and used for analysis. In terms of masticatory function during chewing, 82.3% of subjects experienced no problems, 17.3% experienced some difficulty, and 0.4% experienced severe problems. There was a significant relationship between the questionnaire response and dental examinations results for several items of examination. The overall dental consultation rate after health screening was 42.3%. Improvement in periodontal disease was achieved in those who reported some problems with chewing function. Improvement in blood pressure was also observed in those who reported some problem with chewing function and subsequently had a dental consultation. The results of this study indicate that questionnaires on masticatory function reflect the status of dental and oral health. In addition, the results suggested that questionnaire results are potentially linked to improvement in dental and oral health status, and improvement in MetS.

Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Oral Cavity Organs and Tissues in Workers of the Petrochemical Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the dental status, level, and structure of dental diseases, as well as to identify some clinical and functional deviations in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity among workers in certain industrial enterprises. Methodology: A comprehensive dental examination was conducted on 1600 individuals, including 420 from the Fergana Oil Refinery Plant (FNPP - main group (MG)-1), 425 from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant (AGMK - MG-2), and 605 from the Navoi Chemical Plant (NavCP - MG-3), as well as 150 patients as a control group (CG) who visited a dental clinic. Tooth sensitivity (TS), pain and discriminatory sensitivity (PS and DS) of the oral mucosa, taste perception threshold, and functional mobility of the taste receptors on the tongue, enamel resistance to caries, microhardness (MH) of enamel and dentin, and the condition of periodontal tissues and pH of mixed saliva were determined. The data obtained were processed using statistical methods. Findings: It was determined that the levels and relative weights of the main dental diseases among workers in the studied industries remain quite high; carious and non-carious lesions of the tooth hard tissues, deformation and defects of teeth and dental rows (18.5%), periodontal tissue diseases (74.7%), diseases of the oral mucosa - 38.7%; the need for prosthetics (58.4%) and other pathologies. Additionally, almost all clinical and functional indicators and local non-specific reactivity of the tissues of the oral cavity in workers were disrupted. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The presence of the main dental diseases among those surveyed from the studied groups is quite high, with noted reductions in the excitability threshold of teeth, around tooth tissues and the oral mucosa, disruption of PS and DS of the oral mucosa, as well as deterioration of the condition of tooth hard tissues. Based on the obtained results, the authors suggest continuing in-depth scientific research with the aim of developing effective methods for the diagnosis and prevention of dental diseases among workers in these industries.

Current Strategies for Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With Plate Osteosynthesis: A European Prospective Study.

The training and preferences of surgeons influence the type of surgical treatment for mandibular fractures. This multicentre prospective study analyzed the current treatment strategies and outcomes for mandibular fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). This prospective study included patients aged ≥16 years who underwent ORIF for mandibular fractures in 12 European maxillofacial centers. Age, sex, pretrauma dental status, fracture cause, site and type, associated facial fractures, surgical approach, plate number and thickness (≤1.4 or ≥1.5mm), duration of postoperative maxillomandibular fixation, occlusal and infective complications at 6 weeks and 3 months, and revision surgeries were recorded. Between May 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, 425 patients (194 single, 182 double, and 49 triple mandibular fractures) underwent ORIF for 1 or more fractures. Rigid osteosynthesis was performed for 74% of fractures and was significantly associated with displaced ( P =0.01) and comminuted ( P =0.03) fractures and with the number of nonsurgically treated fracture sites ( P =0.002). The angle was the only site associated with nonrigid osteosynthesis ( P <0.001). Malocclusions (5.6%) and infective complications (5.4%) were not associated with osteosynthesis type. Rigid osteosynthesis was the most frequently performed treatment at all fracture sites, except the mandibular angle, and was significantly associated with displaced and comminuted fractures and the number of nonsurgically treated fracture sites. No significant differences were observed regarding postoperative malocclusion or infections among osteosynthesis types.

РАЗРАБОТКА НОВОЙ КОНСТРУКЦИИ АРМИРОВАННОЙ ОККЛЮЗИОННОЙ ШИНЫ С ПАРАМЕТРИЗОВАННЫМ КАРКАСОМ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Subject. Today, the use of splint therapy is an essential part of specialized dental treatment, since in recent years the number of patients with dysfunctional conditions of the dentofacial apparatus, has increased significantly. In addition, according to recent research, the use of occlusal splints as part of complex therapy is effective in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as bruxism, chronic tension-type headache, and neuromuscular syndrome. Traditionally used designs of occlusal splints have some disadvantages, such as fragility of use, insufficient rigidity, and the impossibility of relining if the patient's dental status changes. The article provides a description and clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing the developed new design of an occlusal splint reinforced with a titanium frame. Objectives. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with functional disorders of the dentofacial system through the development and implementation of a new prosthetic construction – a combined occlusal splint with a titanium frame, using modern intellectual and medical 3D technologies. Materials and methods. Titanium alloy (Rematitan®) was chosen as the material for the frame of the occlusal splint. Manufacturing method implies the use of additive technologies, in particular, 3D-printing for obtaining a high-precision structure with a minimum cross-sectional thickness. Hot-curing acrylic plastic was used to cover the parameterized frame; it is also possible to use a light-curing composite. Results. During the study, the expediency of introducing a reinforcing component in the form of a metal frame into the construction of the occlusal splint was determined. A new design of a combined occlusal splint and a method for its manufacture were developed. Conclusion. By reinforcing the occlusal splint with a titanium frame, high structural strength, durability of use, maintainability or relocation if necessary are ensured; at the same time, due to 3D-printing, the frame has a minimal cross-sectional thickness, which practically does not affect the thickness of the structure as a whole.

Dental status of children of early and preschool age in Moscow

INTRODUCTION. Conducting an epidemiological survey allows us to obtain reliable initial data on the level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases, identify priority needs for providing all types of dental care to children, plan and implement dental programs, focusing on the initial dental status of the child population at different age periods.AIM. To study the dental status of children of early and preschool age based on data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the child population was conducted as part of preventive medical examinations of minors to study the dental morbidity of children of early (1–3 years) and preschool (4–6 years) age in Moscow. The study involved 1470 Moscow children aged 1 to 6 years old. The results of the survey were processed statistically.RESULTS. Data analysis showed that the indicator of the need for oral sanitation tends to increase as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of the need for rehabilitation on the age group was revealed. The indicator of previously sanitized children is variable at different age periods. The rate of natural sanitation decreases as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of natural sanitation on the age group was revealed. Categorical variables (absolute and relative) of the need for sanitation are higher among girls in all age groups and lower among boys. But statistically significant differences in the need for sanitation in boys and girls were observed only in the age group 1 year, 3 years and 5 years. In the age groups of 2, 4 and 6 years, there was a similar need for sanitation among boys and girls; no statistically significant differences were identified, despite the fact that categorical variables (absolute and relative indicators) indicated a higher need for sanitation of the oral cavity in girls than boys.CONCLUSIONS. Categorical (absolute and relative) variables indicate that the need for oral sanitation in girls is higher than in boys at all age periods.