Dental Complications Research Articles

STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF DENTAL COMPLICATIONS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THEIR PREVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER AND LUNG CANCER IN THE ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION

The aim of the work is to analyze the data of patients with malignant neoplasms of the breast and lungs, to investigate the structure of dental complications before and after chemotherapy, to determine the effectiveness of dental prophylaxis.
 Materials and methods. 60 cancer patients both men and women were examined, who received chemotherapy at the ONCOLIFE Medical Center (Zaporizhzhia). All respondents were divided into groups by cancer: the first group consisted of 30 patients with lung cancer, the second one 30 patients with breast cancer, and the third (control) group contained 30 people who do not suffer from cancer. The research results are processed by modern statistical methods of analysis on a personal computer using the software package Statistica 13.
 Results. It was found that before chemotherapy, dental complications had 70% of patients with lung cancer, 66.7% of patients with breast cancer, 70% of people without cancer, ie there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p> 0.05). In all groups, the results of prevention determined improvement, which was statistically significant by the Wilcoxon test. Although the difference between the groups was statistically significant according to the Kraskel-Wallis test (p <0.05) and there was a statistically significant difference between patients with lung cancer and breast cancer according to the Mann-Whitney test, but the indicators in the group with breast cancer and group without cancer (p> 0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of dental prophylaxis.
 Conclusions. Cancer patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy are at risk for certain dental complications, such as mucositis, xerostomia, dygeusia. 13.33% of patients with lung cancer and 16.67% of patients with breast cancer in the study had acute mucositis. Patients with poor oral health, poor oral hygiene, caries and its complications, and incorrect orthopedic structures are more likely to experience dental complications during chemotherapy. The OHI-S hygiene index before prophylaxis was 1.75 (1.40; 2.20) in patients with lung cancer; 1.40 (1.30; 1.80) in patients with breast cancer. The GI gingivitis index before prophylaxis was 1.55 (1.10; 1.90) in patients with lung cancer; 1.25 (1.10; 1.60) in patients with breast cancer. The PMA index before prophylaxis was 62.0 (45.0; 77.0) in patients with lung cancer; 53.0 (43.0; 60.0) in patients with breast cancer.

Comparison Analysis of CNN, SVC and Random Forest Algorithms in Segmentation of Teeth X-Ray Images

In dental diagnosis, rapid identification of dental complications from radiographs requires highly experienced medical professionals. Occasionally, depending exclusively on a expert's judgement could lead to changes in diagnosis, that could eventually lead to difficult treatment. Although fully automatic diagnostic tools aren’t still anticipated, image pattern recognition has grown into decision support, opening with discovery of teeth and its constituents on X-ray images. Dental discovery is a topic of study for more than previous two decades, depending primarily on threshold and region-based strategies. In this study, we proposed segmentation based Teeth X-Ray images using a couple of machine learning algorithms as well as deep learning algorithms i.e., Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest algorithm and Convolutional Neural network (CNN) which would help us in accurate identification and classification. This article also presents a comprehensive comparison between these Algorithms.

Do children get dry socket?—The incidence and pattern of presentation of alveolar osteitis in children and adolescents following dental extractions

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar osteitis (AO) is widely reported as the most common post‐operative complication following surgical and non‐surgical exodontia. Despite being one of the most studied complications in dentistry, there is no established consensus on its aetiology, alongside a relative paucity of studies looking exclusively into AO incidence in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence, risk factors and pattern of presentation of AO in children and adolescents following exodontia, as well as identifying concepts and theories to provide a basis regarding why such a common post‐operative complication reportedly manifests so rarely in the paediatric population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis forms part of a prospective service evaluation of the exodontia service provided by Newcastle Dental Hospital. All patients aged 5–16 who underwent dental extractions of deciduous and/or permanent teeth under general anaesthetic (GA) between 15 June 2020 and the 15 July 2020 were telephoned 1 week following their procedure to determine if any had developed post‐operative complications. Data were cleaned manually and analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory analysis with chi‐squared tests and multivariable analyses. A scoping review was performed using the PubMed, OVID Medline and Scopus databases.ResultsFour of 150 patients (2.8%) developed AO and reported extreme pain which began 2–3 days after removal, lasted 2 days after onset, and were all associated with the non‐surgical removal of lower first permanent molar teeth. All patients who developed AO were female and aged between 9 and 10 years old. Mandibular sockets were significantly associated with development of AO (p = 0.026).ConclusionsDespite the belief that AO rarely manifests in children, the incidence of paediatric AO in this study is in line with that of AO found in the adult literature. The literature is inconsistent and conflicting regarding current understanding of AO. As far as possible, an atraumatic approach to exodontia should be adopted. We have proposed four underlying concepts which may benefit from future research given the paucity of research exclusively into dry socket in children and adolescents.

A retrospective chart review evaluating pre-operative dental extractions on patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing advanced surgical cardiac therapies

End-stage heart failure patients are functionally compromised by multiple physiologic mechanisms, placing them at increased risk of peri- and post-operative complications. This study aimed to evaluate if dental treatment performed before advanced cardiac interventions, including orthotopic heart transplant and mechanical circulatory support, increases the risk of adverse events. A retrospective chart review spanning January 2011 to December 2020 was performed. Inpatients with end-stage heart disease were evaluated by the hospital dentistry service at UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center. Three hundred and five consults met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent dental treatment and those who did not require dental treatment. The wait time from dental consultation to cardiac intervention (days), dental complications, medical adverse events, and deaths were evaluated. Dental complications were only experienced in the form of intraoral bleeding. There was no significant difference in the number of medical adverse events or deaths between groups. The elimination of oral infection before advanced cardiac interventions does not increase the risk of morbidity or mortality.

Dental implications of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the management of head and neck cancer

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is increasingly being used in the UK as an alternative to other treatment modalities for the management of head and neck cancer. This article describes key features of the robotic system, and discusses risks of peri-operative dental complications that can arise as a result of introducing large robotic instruments into the confined space of the oral cavity. It also explores potential solutions and the role of dentists in reducing the risks of inadvertent hard and soft tissue injuries occurring during the procedure. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A basic understanding of current surgical treatment modalities and their dental implications is important for GDPs.

Therapeutic and preventive effect of the antidisbiotic agent kvertulin on the condition of the oral cavity of patients who received oral applications of fried sunflower oil

Background. To determine the possibility of prevention of dental complications in the consumption of fried sunflower oil (FSO) with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.
 Methods. Patients underwent oral FSO applications for 10 days. The antidisbiotic agent was taken sublingually. The condition of the oral cavity was assessed by such indicators as salivation rate, hygienic indices, level in saliva of biochemical markers of inflammatory-dystrophic (elastase, MDA, urease), dysbiotic processes (urease, lysozyme, degree of dysbiosis) and antioxidant protection (catalase, index API).
 Results. It was found that the consumption of FSO increases the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis in saliva, but reduces the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. Previous use of Kvertulin significantly reduced the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis and increased the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of quertulin in the patients who consumption of FSO was 64.4 %.
 Conclusion: Consumption of FSO causes the development of inflammatory-dystrophic and dysbiotic complications in the oral cavity, which can be largely prevented with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.

Dental management in head and neck cancers: from intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons to proton therapy.

Despite reduction of xerostomia with intensity-modulated compared to conformal X-ray radiotherapy, radiation-induced dental complications continue to occur. Proton therapy is promising in head and neck cancers to further reduce radiation-induced side-effects, but the optimal dental management has not been defined. Dental management before proton therapy was assessed compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy based on a bicentric experience, a literature review and illustrative cases. Preserved teeth frequently contain metallic dental restorations (amalgams, crowns, implants). Metals blur CT images, introducing errors in tumour and organ contour during radiotherapy planning. Due to their physical interactions with matter, protons are more sensitive than photons to tissue composition. The composition of restorative materials is rarely documented during radiotherapy planning, introducing dose errors. Manual artefact recontouring, metal artefact-reduction CT algorithms, dual or multi-energy CT and appropriate dose calculation algorithms insufficiently compensate for contour and dose errors during proton therapy. Physical uncertainties may be associated with lower tumour controlprobability and moreside-effects after proton therapy. Metal-induced errors should be quantified and removal of metal restorations discussed on a case by case basisbetween dental care specialists, radiation oncologists and physicists. Metallic amalgams can be replaced with water-equivalent materials and crowns temporarily removed depending on rehabilitation potential, dental condition and cost. Implants might contraindicate proton therapy if they are in the proton beam path. Metallic restorations maymore severely affect proton than photon radiotherapy quality. Personalized dental care prior to proton therapy requires multidisciplinary assessment of metal-induced errors before choice of conservation/removal of dental metals and optimal radiotherapy.

Interdisciplinary management of FGF23-related phosphate wasting syndromes: a Consensus Statement on the evaluation, diagnosis and care of patients with X-linked hypophosphataemia.

X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is the most frequent cause of hypophosphataemia-associated rickets of genetic origin and is associated with high levels of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In addition to rickets and osteomalacia, patients with XLH have a heavy disease burden with enthesopathies, osteoarthritis, pseudofractures and dental complications, all of which contribute to reduced quality of life. This Consensus Statement presents the outcomes of a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and provides robust clinical evidence on management in XLH, with an emphasis on patients' experiences and needs. During growth, conventional treatment with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D metabolites (such as calcitriol) improves growth, ameliorates leg deformities and dental manifestations, and reduces pain. The continuation of conventional treatment in symptom-free adults is still debated. A novel therapeutic approach is the monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody burosumab. Although promising, further studies are required to clarify its long-term efficacy, particularly in adults. Given the diversity of symptoms and complications, an interdisciplinary approach to management is of paramount importance. The focus of treatment should be not only on the physical manifestations and challenges associated with XLH and other FGF23-mediated hypophosphataemia syndromes, but also on the major psychological and social impact of the disease.

An Overview of Clinical Oncology and Impact on Oral Health.

As the incidence of cancer continues to increase, so too will the use of various forms of cancer therapeutics and their associated oral and dental complications. Although many of the acute and chronic oral toxicities of cancer therapy are largely unavoidable, appropriate and timely management of these complications has the potential to alleviate morbidity and improve outcomes. Undoubtedly, the substantial short- and long-term impacts of cancer therapy on the health of the oral cavity requires increased awareness, prevention, and treatment by multidisciplinary healthcare teams consisting of medical oncologists, dentists, and other oral healthcare specialists. This mini review provides a brief purview of the current state of clinical oncology and its impact on oral health. The topics introduced here will be further investigated throughout the remainder of the “Oral Complications in Cancer Patients” mini-review series.

Camouflage orthodontic treatment combined with genioplasty distraction osteogenesis for skeletal class II relationship secondary to osteosarcoma excision surgery

The treatment of orthodontic patients who survive head and neck tumors is challenging because of dentoskeletal deformities and other unexpected dental and facial complications. This case report describes the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with mandibular retrognathia after survival from osteosarcoma. Camouflage orthodontic treatment was chosen instead of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery after primary reconstructive surgery with an iliac bone graft. Genioplasty distraction osteogenesis (DO) was performed to achieve an optimal facial profile. Although unexpected condyle dislocation and epithelial hyperplasia occurred during treatment, a favorable facial profile and optimal skeletal and dental relationships were accomplished after 32 months of treatment. The patient underwent genioplasty DO and experienced unexpected left condyle dislocation. However, the treatment achieved esthetic goals after intermaxillary elastics were applied.

Bucomaxillofacial cancer and major considerations and treatments: a concise systematic review

Introduction: According to National Cancer Institute, a total of 16,290 new cases of oral cancer are estimated in Brazil in 2017, with 12,370 new cases of oral cavity cancer in men and 4,010 in women corresponding to an estimated risk of 11.54 cases new for every 100 thousand men and 3.92 for each 100 thousand women. In this sense, oral cancer therapy is associated with a multitude of head and neck sequelae including hyposalivation, increased risk of tooth decay, osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, radiation fibrosis syndrome, mucositis, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, dysgeusia, dysphagia, mucosal lesions, trismus, and infections. Objective: The present study addressed the main considerations about maxillofacial cancer and possible treatments based on the literary findings through a narrative and integrative review. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 86 articles were found involving "Bucomaxillofacial Treatment in Cancer Patients". A total of 29 articles were evaluated in full, and 24 were included and discussed in this study. Oral cancer or oral carcinoma is a chronic, complex, multifactorial pathology resulting from the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that leads to an imbalance in the process of cell proliferation and growth control. There is an association between periodontal disease, nutritional status parameters, and antimicrobial protein levels, in the case of erythroplakia, 70.0 % to 95.0 % of these lesions are cancerous at the time of initial biopsy or will progress to cancer. In invasive squamous cell carcinoma, cancer cells have penetrated deeper layers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Therefore, preparing a comprehensive treatment plan for cancer patients is essential to help minimize the risks of developing these oral and dental complications. In addition, dentists should consider a patient's ongoing cancer therapy for those patients who come to the dentist while receiving cancer treatment.

To What Extent is Each Area of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Practiced in the United States Today?

To What Extent is Each Area of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Practiced in the United States Today?

Skeletal and Dental Outcomes after Facial Allotransplantation: The Cleveland Clinic Experience and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Most of the literature surrounding face transplantation focuses on technique, immunology, and psychology. Dental and skeletal outcomes remain persistently underreported. This study critically examined the worldwide face transplant experience to evaluate such outcomes. A systematic review of all composite allografts containing midface and/or mandible was performed. Dental and skeletal complications were recorded. Formal imaging and photographs available in the literature were analyzed using skeletal measurements, soft-tissue cephalometrics, and the Angle classification. Outcomes of our face transplant patients, including condylar assessment and airway volume measurements, is also presented. Twenty-five patients received allografts containing midface (n = 7) or mandible (n = 2), whereas 16 contained a double-jaw. All midface-only transplants developed skeletal deformity; 57 percent developed a palatal fistula. Both partial and full arch transplantation patients developed skeletal deformity. Among double-jaw transplants, 69 percent developed palatal fistula or floor-of-mouth dehiscence, 66 percent developed malocclusion, 50 percent developed trismus, and 31 percent required corrective orthognathic surgery. In 40 percent of patients, malocclusion recurred after corrective orthognathic surgery. Forty percent of all patients developed dental cavities or periodontal disease. All of our patients received midface and/or mandible. One patient required corrective orthognathic surgery. Midfacial segments showed clockwise rotation. Airway volumes decreased over time. Skeletal and dental complications remain extremely common after facial allotransplantation involving either single- or double-jaw composites. Corrective orthognathic surgery and dental extraction is often necessitated. These data will aid face transplant teams during surgical planning and preoperative counseling. Therapeutic, V.

"Wire Syndrome" Following Bonded Orthodontic Retainers: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

(1) Background and objective: Tooth movements described as unexplained, aberrant, unexpected, unwanted, or undesirable can occur in the presence of an intact orthodontic retention wire, without detachment or fracture. This iatrogenic phenomenon, known little or not by many practitioners, responsible for significant dental and periodontal complications, both functional and aesthetic, is called “Wire Syndrome” (WS). It is therefore considered an undesirable event of bonded orthodontic retainers, which must be differentiated from an orthodontic relapse. The objective was to perform, for the first time, a systematic review of the literature in order to define the prevalence of WS and to study its associated clinical characteristics. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and recommendations using an electronic search strategy on four databases complemented by a manual search. All the prospective and retrospective clinical studies, including case reports and series, written in English or French, clearly mentioning the description, detection, or management of WS were included. Three independent blinding review authors were involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). (3) Results: Of 1891 results, 20 articles published between 2007 and 2021 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a globally high risk of bias since 16 articles were case report/series. The analysis of each article allowed the highlighting of WS through 13 categories, as follows: prevalence, apparition delay, patient characteristics, arch and tooth involved, families of movements, dental and periodontal consequences, type of wire, risk factors, etiologies, treatment, and preventive approach. (4) Conclusion: This systematic review of the literature elaborated a synthesis on WS, allowing general practitioners, periodontists, and orthodontists to understand this adverse event, to facilitate the diagnostic approach, and to underline preventive measures against WS. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; number CRD42021269297).

AWARENESS OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry.Although they are considered effective and safe in controlling pain during dental procedures, complications and contraindications related to their use appear inevitable. Many people are unaware of contraindications, complications, medical emergencies and recent advancements of the local anesthesia. This survey made us to work on creating awareness among the general dental practitioners and public about the impact of local anesthesia on pain control. We also tried to assess the knowledge about complications, contraindications medical emergencies related to local anesthesia and it's role in pain control. Also to make them aware about recent advancements of local anesthesia. NEED OF STUDY: The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and create awareness of local anesthesia among general dental practitioners and people who were afraid of dental treatments involving local anesthesia.

On the use of laser therapy in dentistry

The aim of the research: to optimize the prevention of dental complications by using electromagnetic low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) techniques on dental and periodontal tissues. Research methods. In 138 dental patients, a clinical and functional assessment of the dental apparatus was carried out, dental indices were studied, the results of vascular endothelial parameters (VEGF-A, sVEGF-R1, sVEGF-R2) and immune parameters (FNF, TNF, IFN-γ, neutrophils) of blood serum (solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a standard set), as well as VAS pain syndrome parameters were analyzed before/after laser therapy of different wavelength, mode and range (red, infrared). Results. The study made it possible to assess the effectiveness of treatment with LILR with one wavelength and in combination of different lengths of laser radiation as independent factors of preventive exposure in dentistry patients. After applying the techniques of transcanal treatment, dental periapical tissues were treated with laser radiation, including root canals (difficult teeth roots), using the C11 attachment from the «Lazmik-01» device. The study used a modulated red spectrum of LILR in continuous and pulsed mode (l = 635 nm) and an infrared pulsed spectrum (l = 904 nm) in a continuous mode with a sequential exposure to red (l = 635 nm) pulsed and infrared continuous laser radiation (l = 904 nm). Emphasis was placed on pain syndrome, vascular endothelial and immune shifts in dental and periodontal tissues before/after using laser therapy in dental patients. Conclusion. The combination of the red spectrum of LILR in pulsed mode (l = 635 nm) with a sequential exposure to infrared laser radiation (l = 904 nm) in continuous mode provides high vascular endothelial responses in the dental and periodontal tissues of the dental apparatus, and the use of red-spectrum laser radiation in continuous mode (l = 635 nm) in dental patients provides antimicrobial and sanitizing effects, including at the level of the root canals, which is more significant than after the use of infrared laser radiation in pulsed mode, when analgesic results are higher.

Эффективность озонотерапии при лечении периимплантита

Abstract. For the prevention of complications in the post-operative period, various drugs of general and local effect are used, in particular, antiseptics, antibiotics and drugs of the sulfonamide series, traditionally used in dental practice after any outpatient surgery. At the same time, as experience shows, these measures are not always effective, which keeps the frequency of complications after dental implantation at a fairly high level. Therefore, the issue of further development of physiotherapy methods aimed at compensating microcirculatory disorders and strengthening regenerative and reparative processes that contribute to the strengthening of implants is still acute. In recent years, for the prevention of surgical complications in dentistry, various methods of modern physiotherapy, which have a sufficiently pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative effect, have become more widely used, but these effects are not considered to be sufficiently effective in all cases. The specified circumstances significantly actualize the search and development of new, more effective physiotherapeutic methods of correction of early complications of dental implantation, pushing them to the forefront of the priority scientific and practical tasks of modern medicine. This circum stance determined the main content of this study. Key words: peri-implantitis , complications, quality of life, ozone therapy.

Impact of eating disorders—bulimia nervosa and anorexia—on the oral health. A review

Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa are diseases resulting from abnormal compensatory behavior associated with limited food intake or frequent overeating followed by self-induced vomiting. In addition to having the potential to impair physical and psycho-emotional health, these disorders also have an impact on the oral cavity. Dental and oral complications are due to micronutrient deficiency and chronic exposure to stomach acid in the oral cavity. The treatment of food disorders and frequent dental examinations are essential for the treatment and reduction of the consequences of diseases on hard dental tissues. This article aims to provide an overview of the impact of anorexia and bulimia nervosa on the oral status, as well as to what dental complications they may lead.

Systematic review on the association between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications.

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications in patients having a follow-up period of at least 12-months post-loading. A sensitive search strategy was developed to identify implant-related genetic-association studies. This was performed by searching five databases. A three-stage screening (titles, abstract, full text) was carried out in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Assessment was carried out according to the suggested scale for quality assessment of periodontal genetic-association studies and adapted to genetic analyses of implant-related studies leading to an overall final score 0-20 based on the summation of positive answers. The initial search resulted in 1838 articles. Sixty-seven full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and four studies met the defined inclusion criteria. IL-6 G174C, TNF-α -308, IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 and CD14-159 C/T polymorphisms were evaluated. The quality assessment scores ranged from 6 to 11 positive answers from out of a maximum score of 20. The great heterogeneity among the studies did not allow a meta-analysis. The published evidence on genetic predisposition and implant biologic complications is limited. The small number of identified studies evaluating the association between genetic polymorphisms and peri-implant disease presented methodological and reporting inadequacies. Thus, the potential link between genetic polymorphisms and biological complications should be further investigated and clarified through well-designed clinical studies on adequately powered and appropriately included study populations.

Vitamin D Review: The Low Hanging Fruit for Human Health.

Vitamin D is an important hormone that is known for the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults leading to poor bone mineralisation and can also lead to serious dental complications in the same population. Recent studies have shown vitamin D to work as a hormone needed not only in bone and teeth but also in other body organs from intrauterine life up to old age. It has been demonstrated that Vitamin D has various effects on biological processes that deal with cell growth, differentiation, cell death, immune regulation, DNA stability, and neuronal growth. Despite being readily formed in the body through the intervention of the sun, patients are still found to have low vitamin D levels. We review studies done to show how vitamin D works.