Dental Care Products Research Articles

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-bacterial Activity of Ag-NPs

SYNTHESIS, characterization and comparison the anti bacterial activity of both silver/ polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/ PVA) nanocomposite and nisin, for some pathogenic bacteria was carried out. Applications of the nicin include dental care products, pharmaceutical products such as stomach ulcers and colon infection treatment and potential birth control. Ag/ PVA nanocomposite was prepared by in situ reduction method in which silver nitrate, gamma irradiation and PVA act as precursor, reductant and stabilizer respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites have potential antibacterial activity toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Further studies have demonstrated the structure and the distribution of Ag nanoparticles caped within PVA polymer chain such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out.

보건계열학과와 비보건계열학과 학생들의 구강위생지식 및 관리 실태

Purpose: This study was to investigate oral hygiene knowledge and the actual condition of oral care for the students in the public health and non-public health Departments. Methods: The survey sample consisted of 262 randomly selected students. 197 of them are public health-related students and 65 are non-public health-related students. The questionnaires used in this study consisted of 4 items for general information, oral health status of 2 items, 5 items for Oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care of 5 items. Collected data were analyzed by Frequency Analysis t-test and Crosstabs using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Win 19.0 statistics program. Results: Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there were 53.8% of first-year student, 26.0% of second-year student and 20.2% of third-year student among 52.3% of males and 47.7% of females. The subjects received less than "100,000" won(13.0%), "100,000-190,000" won (5.0%), "200,000-290,000" won(30.9%), "300,000-390,000" won (33.2%) and more than "400,000" won(17.9%) a month for an allowance. The subjects had 'none' (44.3%), '1'(6.5%), '2'(12.6%), '3'(5.0%), '4'(5.3%), 'more than' 5(0.8%) of dental caries and 'do not know' were 25.6%. The numbers of dental prosthetics were 'no' (35.5%), '1'(13.7%), '2'(17.2%), '3'(10.3%), '4'(11.5%), and 'more than 5'(11.8%). The public health students(84.8%) had a higher positive response rate than the non-public health students(66.2%). The public health students(80.2%) had a higher negative response rate than the non-public health students(78.5%) in the result of onset of gum disease pain awareness. The non-public health students(65.5%) had a higher negative response rate than the public health students(68.3%)) in the result of heredity of gum disease. The t-test showed that public health-related department students(M=8.264, SD=0.821) had more knowledge about oral hygiene than non-public health-related department students(M=8.015, SD=1.082). 'do not use' in the oral care products except toothpaste and toothbrush showed that public health-related department students(60.4%) use the products more than non-public health-related department students(66.2%). Conclusion: In this study, public health-related department students had higher oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care compared to non-public health-related students, but low in practical action. Due to the lower level of dental care products use in non-public health-related department, a continuous oral care education program is required.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Ag/PVA Nanocomposite

Synthesis and characterization of Ag/PVA nanocomposite and comparison of its anti-bacterial activity with bacteriocin (nisin) for some pathogenic bacteria was carried out. Applications of the bacteriocin include dental care products, pharmaceutical products such as stomach ulcers, colon infection treatment and potential birth control. Ag/PVA nanocomposite was prepared by in situ reduction method, in which silver nitrate, gamma irradiation and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) act as precursor, reductant and stabilizer, respectively. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles (Ag-Nps) have potential antibacterial activity toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Further studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have demonstrated the structure and the distribution of Ag nanoparticles caped within PVA polymer chain.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.11828 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 151-160 (2013)

In vivo quantification of bone-fluorine by delayed neutron activation analysis: a pilot study of hand-bone-fluorine levels in a Canadian population

Humans can be exposed to fluorine (F) through their diet, occupation, environment and oral dental care products. Fluorine, at proper dosages, is believed to have positive effects by reducing the incidence of dental caries, but fluorine toxicity can occur when people are exposed to excessive quantities of fluorine. In this paper we present the results of a small pilot in vivo study on 33 participants living in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The mean age of participants was 45 ± 18 years with a range of 20–87 years. The observed calcium normalized hand-bone-fluorine concentrations in this small pilot study ranged from 1.1 to 8.8 mg F/g Ca. Every person measured in this study had levels of fluorine in bone above the detection limit of the system. The average fluorine concentration in bone was found to be 3.5 ± 0.4 mg F/g Ca. No difference was observed in average concentration for men and women. In addition, a significant correlation (r2 = 0.55, p < 0.001) was observed between hand-bone-fluorine content and age. The amount of fluorine was found to increase at a rate of 0.084 ± 0.014 mg F/g Ca per year. There was no significant difference observed in this small group of subjects between the accumulation rates in men and women. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time data from in vivo measurement of fluorine content in humans by neutron activation analysis have been presented. The data determined by this technique were found to be consistent with results from ex vivo studies from other countries. We suggest that the data demonstrate that this low risk non-invasive diagnostic technique will permit the routine assessment of bone-fluorine content with potential application in the study of clinical bone-related diseases. This small study demonstrated that people in Southern Ontario are exposed to fluoride in measureable quantities, and that fluoride can be seen to accumulate in bone with age. However, all volunteers were found to have levels below those expected with clinical fluorosis, and only one older subject was found to have levels comparable with preclinical exposure.

Is flavor component in dental product therapeutic?

Madam, Dental and oral care products are available in different flavors. Though flavoring is a marketing strategy for luring consumers, its components does have benefit on oral/dental tissues. Thus, it is necessary for the dental health team to advice the right flavor of products, which are palatable and equally therapeutic. This article discusses the principal types, modes of activity, benefits, and the possible allergic reactions of flavors. The flavor compositions find application in a wide range of consumer products, particularly oral care consumer products such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, chewing gum, confectionery, dental floss, dissolvable mouth films, breath sprays, and breath-freshening tablets as well as therapeutic dental product like restorative materials, impression materials, isolators, wedges, etc. Flavors are very important in consumer acceptance, as its component principally impresses the taste and smell senses. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations describes a ‘natural flavorant’ as “theconstituents derived from a spice, fruit, vegetable, edible yeast, herb, bark, bud, root, leaf or any other edible portions of a plant, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products, or fermentation products thereof, whose primary function is flavoring rather than nutritional”

To Identify Various Parameters Leading to the Growth of Dental Care Products in Indian Market

To Identify Various Parameters Leading to the Growth of Dental Care Products in Indian Market

Processing of byproducts to improve nisin production by Lactococcus lactis

In the last years, disposal from dairy industries have received a special attention due its polluting power in the environment. For this reason, studies have obtained a positive support to develop different alternatives to recycle milk whey components. One of them is its utilization as culture media, aiming to produce biomolecules with noble applications. Nisin is an extracellular peptide, produced by Lactococcus lactis , this peptide has been applied as a natural additive once it presents broad antibacterial activity. Applications of this bacteriocin include dental care products, pharmaceutical products such as stomach ulcers and colon infection treatment and potential birth control. In batch cultures, L. lactis was performed in two different groups of assays. The first group milk whey was prepared in distilled water in four different concentrations: 100 g/l (S100); 50 g/l (S50); 30 g/l (S30); 10 g/l (S10). In the second group of assays, two supplements were added in milk whey with concentration 100 g/l (S100): (1) 5 g/l yeast extract (A1); (2) 5 g/l yeast extract and 10 ml (v/v) tomato extract. Nisin activity was assayed through agar diffusion utilizing Lactobacillus sakei . The results show that the utilization of powder milk whey with concentration of 100 g/l can be used as a culture medium with supplementation. This media is favorable to develop L. lactis cells and nisin production, reaching an activity of about 4 logAU. Biological processing of milk byproduct can be considered as one of the profitable utilization alternatives, generating high-value bioproducts and stimulates researches for its use. Key words: Nisin, byproducts, Lactococcus lactis, batch culture, powder milk whey.

Purification and biochemical characterization of bacteriolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis YU-1432 active against Porphyromonas gingivalis

YU205, a bacteriolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis YU-1432 exhibited lytic activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis causing periodontal disease. Specific activity and purification yield of YU205 were increased by 522.0 times and 21.9%, respectively by 80% acetone precipitation, followed by DEAE-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose column chromatography. The molecular mass of YU205 was estimated to be 29.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and N-terminal sequencing identified fifteen amino acid residues, AQSVPYGISQIKAPA. YU205 was stabilized against thermal inactivation at 1 mM of CaCl2. The essential amino acids for the lytic activity were deduced to be tyrosine, methionine, and serine. YU205 showed at least 23.4 times higher substrate specificity to P. Gingivalis than other proteolytic enzymes tested. These results suggest that the purified enzyme may have potential for the application to food or dental care products to prevent periodontal diseases.

The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Green Tea Extract Against Prevotella intermedia

Dental bacteria can cause gum diseases, i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis, by inducing inflammation in hu- man gingiva. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent and treat gum diseases is the control of the inflammatory reactions induced by dental bacteria. Almost all present dental care products contain anti-bacterial agents to eliminate dental bacteria. However, recent studies report that even heat-killed dental bacteria can induce the inflammation re- sponses in oral cells. Therefore, the method using anti-bacterial agents should be improved for better anti-in- flammatory effect and the effective natural anti-inflammatory substances need to be found. In addition, the mecha- nisms of gingival inflammation should be elucidated. In this study, we tried to find out the mechanism of the gingival inflammation and effective natural anti-inflammatory substances with human gingival epithelial cells and Prevotella intermedia which is well known as a typical dental bacteria inducing gingivitis and periodontitis. In results, Prevotella intermedia initiated the gingival inflammation response by stimulating gingival epithelial cells to release an in- flammatory cytokine, IL-8. Furthermore, the inflammation by Prevotella intermedia is related to COX-2, AP-1, and TNF-α pathways. Green tea extract could effectively suppress the inflammatory responses induced by Prevotella intermedia. We find out the effective natural substance for the improvement of gum diseases by studying the mecha- nism of the gingival inflammation induced by dental bacteria.

Investigation of sanguinarine and chelerythrine effects on CYP1A1 expression and activity in human hepatoma cells

Quaternary benzo[ c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA) sanguinarine and chelerythrine exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities whence they are used in dental care products. Recent studies indicated that cytochrome P450 CYP1A attenuates sanguinarine toxicity both in vivo [Williams, M.K., Dalvi, S., Dalvi, R.R., 2000. Influence of 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on sanguinarine toxicity in mice. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 42, 196–198] and in vitro [Vrba, J., Kosina, P., Ulrichová, J., Modrianský, M., 2004. Involvement of cytochrome P450 1A in sanguinarine detoxication. Toxicol. Lett. 151, 375–387]. However, CYP1A converts sanguinarine to the products that form DNA adducts [Stiborová, M., Šimánek, V., Frei, E., Hobza, P., Ulrichová, J., 2002. DNA adduct formation from quaternary benzo[ c]phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine as revealed by the 32P-postlabeling technique. Chem. Biol. Interact. 140, 231–242]. In our work we examined the effects of sanguinarine and chelerythrine on CYP1A1 expression and catalytic activity in human hepatoma cells—HepG2. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine did not affect basal and dioxin-inducible expression of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells. The enzymatic activity of CYP1A1 was assessed by the fluorescent measurement of 7-ethyxoresorufin- O-deethylase (EROD) activity. We observed a slight decrease of dioxin-induced EROD activity in HepG2 cells by sanguinarine and chelerythrine. This decrease was attributed to the inhibition of CYP1A1 catalytic activity, as revealed by enzyme kinetic studies on recombinant CYP1A1 protein. The IC50 values for the inhibition of CYP1A1 by sanguinarine and chelerythrine were 2.1 and 1.9 μM, respectively. In conclusion, albeit the CYP1A modulates QBA cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, the QBA themselves do not affect CYP1A1 expression. The data indicate that studied alkaloids do not have specific cellular target and their biological effects are rather pleiotropic.

Evidence-Based Dental Advertising and Self-Regulation: A Perspective by the National Advertising Division

What should a practitioner know about evidenced-based advertising in the oral health care field? These questions are answered in the self-regulatory advertising forum known as The National Advertising Division (NAD). Advertisers of dental and oral health care products voluntarily submit to the NAD's jurisdiction for a resolution of disputes brought against them by the industry, consumers, and their competitors. This article discusses the workings of the NAD including how evidence is evaluated and analyzed in an advertising law context. Specific examples of evidence-based dental and oral health care cases before the NAD are discussed.

Use of tobacco products as dentifrice among adolescents in India: questionnaire study

In India legislation prohibits the use of tobacco as an ingredient in dental care products.1 Such products, in the form of powder or paste, are applied most commonly with the...

Short Exposure of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes to Sodium Fluoride Suppresses the Response to fMLP

Fluoridated dental care products are used to prevent dental decay. Up to now, there are no data available on whether the fluoride (F-) component of these products affects the bactericidal activity of salivary polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes, which are involved in the protection of the oral mucosa against infection. Therefore, after determining the concentration/time profile of F- in mixed saliva of healthy subjects after topical application of 0.5 g of a 1.25% F- containing gel, unstimulated and fMLP-stimulated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) were shortly exposed to these F- concentrations and the generation of superoxide and hypochloric acid were measured, as well as the liberation of lysomal enzymes, and correlated with the cellular Ca2+ and cAMP-levels. The results show that F-, at concentrations as retained in saliva, did not activate the oxidative burst in unstimulated PMNs. In fMLP-activated PMNs, F-suppressed the receptor-mediated increase in the oxidative burst and the liberation of fl-glucuronidase by reduction of the availability of extracellular Ca2+ and, thus, the influx of Ca2+ necessary to couple completely the fMLP signal to effector pathways. These F- concentrations neither altered the liberation of Ca2+ from internal stores nor induced a rise in cAMP. The possible clinical consequences of these results for xerostomic patients with respect to the generation of HOSCN/OSCN/SCN in saliva an important non-immune factor for oral health, are dicussed.

Chronic Fluoride Ingestion Decreases 45Ca Uptake by Rat Kidney Membranes

High exposures to fluoride (F−) may occur in environments rich in F− from natural or industrial sources and from misuse of F−-containing dental care products, particularly by children. Both acute and chronic exposures to elevated levels of F− have negative effects on several calcium-dependent processes, including kidney glomerular and tubular function. We examined the effect of chronic F− ingestion on ATP-dependent 45Ca uptake by rat kidney membrane vesicles to characterize the mechanism by which high F− alters Ca++ transport in the kidney. Twenty weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were raised on low-F− (0.9 mg/L), semi-purified diet with a Ca++ concentration of 400 mg/100g diet. Rats were divided into four groups and were fed ad libitum deionized water containing F− at 0, 10, 50, or 150 mg/L added as NaF for 6 wk. This consumption produced plasma F− levels of <0.4, 2, 7, or 35 μmol/L, respectively. ATP-dependent 45Ca uptake was significantly lower in the 150 mg F−/L exposure group than in the 0 mg F−/L controls (P < 0.05). Studies with thapsigargin, a specific inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca++-pump, showed that the lower uptake was associated with significantly lower activities of both the plasma membrane Ca++-pump (P < 0.05, 150 mg F−/L group versus control) and endoplasmic reticulum Ca++-pump (P < 0.05 for both the 50 and 150 mg F−/L groups versus control). Slot blot analysis of kidney homogenates with specific Ca++-pump antibodies showed less (P < 0.05) endoplasmic reticulum Ca++-pump protein and plasma membrane Ca++-pump protein in all treatment groups than controls. Both Ca++-pumps are transport molecules of great importance in the regulation of Ca++ homeostasis. Our study suggests that chronic, high F− ingestion producing high plasma F− levels may occur in humans and may affect Ca++ homeostasis by increasing the turnover or breakdown or decreasing the expression of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum Ca++-pump proteins.

Merchandising Dental Care Products Through Dental Practitioners

This study examines the marketing of dental care products through dental practitioners' offices. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study designed to explore the role of price and brand names on consumers' attitude and intention to purchase. The results reveal favorable attitudes and intentions to purchase dental care products through the dentist's office.

Alternative Dental Products

Alternative, complementary or holistic health care is a growing area of medicine and dentistry. There are a variety of dental products promoted as an "alternative" to the standard commercial dental products that most dentists recommend and most patients use. These alternative products can be categorized as standard dental products made with natural ingredients, herbal products, homeopathic products, and synthetic alternative products. The use of dental care products should be based upon sound basic science and sufficient evidence of safety and efficacy. Dental health care providers should be aware of the range of alternative dental products and be able to help their patients understand the type of support/evidence needed to determine safety and efficacy of treatment.

Ion Chromatography for the analysis of household consumer products

Ion chromatography (IC) is an indespensable tool for the analysis of household consumer products. Items such as baking soda, laundry detergent, dental care products, mouthwash, etc., can be analyzed quickly and accurately using chemically suppressed IC, single-column ion chromatography (SCIC) or a combination of the two technologies. In USP baking soda, trace anions can be determined at ppm levels to ensure product quality and conformance to FDA requlations. In dental care products, the determination and speciation of soluble flouride compounds will be shown, as well as the determination of the tartar control agent, pyrophosphate. The non-chromophoric sweetener, sodium cyclamate, will be determined in foreign dental care products. In liquid laundry detergents, chloride is added for viscosity control; silicate, mono-, di- and triethanolamines are added for buffering. Formate is present as an enzyme stabilizer. Citrate and laurate are added for hardness control. These species can be determined effectively in SCIC systems, as well as chemically suppressed systems. For some applications, the use of traditonal SCIC columns along with chemical suppression improves detectability and simplifies sample preparation. The MilliTrap-H + membrane cartridge will be evaluated as an aid to sample preparation.