Dental Apparatus Research Articles

Extraction of teeth in dogs

The article is devoted to the problems with the dental apparatus, indications and techniques of tooth extraction in dogs. Tooth extraction is an operative intervention in which the gum and periodontal tissues are separated in order to extract a tooth or root from the alveolar well. Various dental pathologies in dogs are very common. Dentistry has recently become a popular specialty among veterinary specialists. Mostly owners go to the veterinary clinic with complaints about the presence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity of their pet. It is much rare for owners to notice soreness in the animal during feed consumption, hypersalivation, the presence of blood and pus impurities, and a violation of jaw closure. There are certain indications for tooth extraction, which are divided into urgent and planned. Indications for urgent extraction include tooth mobility with an acute pain reaction, inability to take food, periapical abscess, etc. The planned tooth extraction includes: temporary teeth, teeth that injure soft tissues, dental pathologies that are not amenable to therapy, the presence of granulomas, cysts, and tumors on the roots of the tooth.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ОРТОДОНТИЧЕСКИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ДЛЯ ВЫДВИЖЕНИЯ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ И ПОСТУРАЛЬНОГО БАЛАНСА

One of the topical issues of dentistry is the assessment of the functional state of the dental apparatus and the features of an individual treatment plan for various categories of dental patients.The aim of the work is to register the postural balance of patients for an objective assessment of the state of the postural system as a whole and its influence on the dental system. The method of work consists in the analysis of postural balance with the application of stabilometry in patients with physiological occlusion and distal occlusion of the dentition when using devices for extending the lower jaw. The contingent of test subjects was 31 children 8-12 years old, including 10 people with physiological occlusion (control group) and 21 children with distal occlusion (DO). In addition to the main diagnostic methods in orthodontics, all the examined children underwent a stabilometric examination. In addition to the main analysis, children were examined with tightly closed dental raws and in a state of physiological rest, as well as with and without orthodontic structures.The main results of the work showed that in patients with orthognathic bite, tight closure of the dental raws does not cause significant stabilometric changes, whereas in children with distal occlusion with tight closure of the dental raws is significant the postural balance deteriorates significantly. When treating children with the help of orthodontic constructions of functional action, there is a significant improvement in postural balance. At the same time, the parameters of the statokinesiogram in the group of patients treated with individually manufactured devices improve much more than in the group of children treated with standard manufactured structures.

Anatomical and topographic substantiation of mandibular anesthesia in sheep

This study presents an anatomical and topographic justification for performing mandibular anesthesia in sheep. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A. F. Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin. The object of the study was sheep of the Romanov breed (n=20) aged 1-2 years without pronounced signs of pathology of the dental apparatus. The material for the study was the lower jaws (n=20) and survey radiographs of the head area (n=20). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including: anatomical dissection and macromorphometry with the determination of skeletotopic and linear parameters of the mandible. Mandibular anesthesia is one of the most common manipulations in animal dentistry. For high-quality anesthesia of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, it is important to take into account the topical landmarks of the structures forming the mandibular canal. Based on the results of macromorphometry and rengenogrammetry, skeletotopic landmarks of the holes forming the mandibular canal are presented, which are important to take into account when performing anesthesia of the lower alveolar nerve. Comparative analysis of morphometric and rengenogrammetric parameters of the upper and lower jaws did not reveal significant differences in their linear parameters, which indicates the high informative value of the X-ray diagnostic method in assessing the morphofunctional state of the jaw bones and the channels located on them. The results obtained can be used in the development of new approaches to the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve during local anesthesia in veterinary and experimental dentistry.

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR PROCESSES

Aim: to study the morphometric characteristics of the mandibular condylar processes to identify patterns and their classification. Materials and Methods: a study of 49 skeletonized and certified mandibular preparations was performed using a caliper and a depth gauge. During the study of the material, the forms and the main morphometric parameters of the condylar processes were determined and analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program. Results: The study of certified biological material yielded the main morphometric and morphofunctional parameters of the mandibular condylar processes. We revealed characteristic differences in the anatomical structures of the studied preparations. The main variants and types of combinations of forms of condylar processes were singled out: oval, hook-shaped, diamond-shaped, L-shaped. The lowest asymmetry index is characteristic of a combination of oval and diamond–shaped forms - 2.44%., and the highest asymmetry index is characteristic of diamond–shaped and L-shaped forms of condylar processes - 7.13%. Conclusion: The presented data can help practitioners to more accurately determine the target point for Gow-Gates anesthesia; to take into account the nature of the influence of structural changes in the joint on other elements of the dental apparatus, thus preventing functional diseases of the temporomandibular joint. The methodology of studying the main morphometric parameters on skeletonized preparations of the lower jaws can be adapted for the examination of living persons using diagnostic radiology.

Ginger Essential Oil Inhibits Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans on Stainless Steel Placeholder

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) forms biofilm on dental apparatus and materials in the mouth as far as the tooth surface is concerned. This form of biofilm around the apparatus can cause decay in the teeth. In our study, the formation of biofilm on the stainless-steel space maintainer, which is frequently used in children, and its inhibition by ginger essential oil were examined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays for the antibacterial activities of the ginger essential oil was performed according to the microdilution broth method. The formation of the biofilm on the stainless steel space maintainer was evaluated spectrophotometrically and the number of bacteria in the biofilm was counted. Biofilm on stainless steel space maintainer was also examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the stainless steel space maintainer without ginger essential oil, S. mutans produced significant amounts of biofilm. Bacterial counts and SEM images also supported this finding. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm and adhesion of S. mutans on the stainless-steel placeholder.

Management of rare ectopic teeth eruption: case series

An ectopic tooth is a rare eruption of a tooth out of the normal dental apparatus and occurs commonly with the third molar. Thus, in this study, we reported a case series of ectopic teeth in rare jaw locations and highlight the associated pathology and our experience in the surgical management. Patients and. All cases of ectopic tooth managed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were reviewed. The information retrieved includes biodata, location of the ectopic tooth, signs, symptoms, type of tooth and associated pathology, surgical approach and complications. Ten cases of ectopic teeth were identified over the study period. This comprised 80.0% males with a mean age was 23.3 years. The antrum and lower border of the mandible accounted for 50.0% and 40.0% of the ectopic locations, respectively. Dentigerous cyst was the most associated pathology (70%) and usually presented with pain and swelling. Surgical intervention predominantly via the intraoral route was performed if indicated. Ectopic teeth are rare and not always associated with pathology. A high index of suspicion and radiological investigation are necessary for diagnosis. A more extensive multi-center study is however recommended to determine the prevalence of ectopic teeth other than the third molar.

Elimination of mandibular defects in patients using shape memory materials

Purpose of the study : to improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with mandibular defects of various etiologies based on the development and application of new medical technologies using shape memory materials. Material and methods . Using medical materials developed at the Research Institute of Medical Materials and Shape Memory Implants at the Siberian Institute of Physics and Technology named after Academician V.D. Kuznetsov, National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia) of mandibular endoprostheses made taking into account the individual characteristics of defects, on the basis of porous, nonporous and textile titanium nickelide, surgical treatment of 72 patients aged 7 to 76 years, with pathology of the temporomandibular joint, inflammatory changes, traumatic injuries, tumor and tumor-like conditions, anomalies of the mandibular bone from intraoral or extraoral accesses without immobilization of the lower jaw with the use of fixing structures in the form of titanium nickelide staples with shape memory effect. Results . The use of titanium nickelide-based endoprostheses in the surgical removal of mandibular defects of various sizes, configurations and etiology to obtain satisfactory results in all operated patients. 64 (88.9%) patients received primary wound healing, in 6 cases the wounds healed a second time, 3 patients are required repeated arthroplasty. Conclusion . Due to the biocompatibility of titanium nickelide with body tissues, individual mandibular endoprostheses based on it, after being placed in the defect zone, function for a long time in the body, ensuring full restoration of the functional capabilities of the dental apparatus and minimizing all types of complications inherent in this type of intervention.

Changes In The Dental System In Children And Adolescents With Hearing Loss

The article presents an analysis of the prevalence of malocclusion pathology and the nature of morphological changes in the dental apparatus in children and adolescents with hearing loss living in the Bukhara region. The prevalence of dental anomalies and deformities in schoolchildren with hearing impairment was 76.5 ± 0.03%, dental anomalies were diagnosed in 78.9%, dental anomalies in 30.3% of students. The prevalence of dental anomalies and deformities in children and adolescents with hearing loss exceeded the corresponding indicator in conditionally healthy children of the corresponding age groups living in the Bukhara region. In connection with the above, the expediency of developing and implementing preventive measures in this contingent of the child population is justified.

Ancestral radiation of paenungulate mammals (Paenungulatomorpha)—new evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco

ABSTRACT Reported here is the discovery of a new mammal from the middle Paleocene of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin, Morocco. Hadrogeneios phosphaticus, gen. et sp. nov., is described based on dental and gnathic specimens. Comparative dental anatomy and CT scan observations support stem relationships to paenungulates. The cladistic analysis relates Hadrogeneios to paenungulatomorphs, especially based on the shared morphotypic condition of a dilambdodont ectoloph linked to inflated stylar cusps. Within the Paenungulatomorpha, Hadrogeneios is plesiomorphic not only with respect to crown paenungulates, but also to Abdounodus and Ocepeia, making it the basalmost known paenungulatomorph. Hadrogeneios, on the other hand, displays a peculiarly specialized mandibular symphyseal region (mentum), which is enlarged and raised high above the cheek teeth, and bears at its apex small incisors that are innervated and vascularized by a peculiar long and thin dorsal canaliculus. This is tentatively interpreted as a plier-like dental apparatus specialized for enhanced oral gripping function of the food, with increasing grip strength or enhanced grip precision. A composite reconstruction of the lower jaw of Hadrogeneios phosphaticus, based on 3D modeling from CT scans, is provided. Hadrogeneios, Abdounodus, and Ocepeia, all from the same Ouled Abdoun Paleocene phosphate levels, are the very rare witnesses of the first evolution and diversification of the endemic African ungulates phylogenetically preceding the modern paenungulate orders.

Early steps towards professional clinical note-taking in a Swedish study programme in dentistry

BackgroundHigher education tends to focus on academic writing only, instead of emphasizing that professional texts are also used as a basis for communication in contexts with a variety of participators. When it comes to clinical notes, research is scarce and focused on technology and informatics. Therefore, the aim was to explore dental students’ clinical notes, and specifically which aspects of the clinical notes characterizes clinical notes that are not sufficient enough for professional purposes.MethodsThe object of analysis was the student’s written completion of a teacher constructed protocol regarding oral mucosa, the dental apparatus including pathology on tooth level, oral hygiene, and a validated international clinical examination protocol of the temporomandibular region. The study was framed within the New Literacy Studies approach, and the clinical notes were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsWithin the clinical notes three themes were identified; a) familiar content; b) familiar content in new context; and c) new content. The forms of notes could refer to either categorizational clinical notes or descriptive clinical notes. Most students were able to write acceptable clinical notes when the content was familiar, but as soon as the familiar content was in a new context the students had difficulties to write acceptable notes. When it comes to descriptive notes students suffered difficulties to write acceptable notes both when it came to familiar content, or familiar content in a new context.ConclusionsTaken together, the results indicate that students have difficulties writing acceptable notes when they are novices to the content or context, making their notes either insufficient, too short or even wrong for professional purposes. With this in mind, this study suggests that there is a need to strengthen the demands on sufficient professional quality in clinical notes and focus on clinical notes already in the early stages of the different medical educations.

Advances and challenges in intravital imaging of craniofacial and dental progenitor cells.

Craniofacial and appendicular bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by a balance between bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Despite the developments in multiple imaging techniques in bone biology, there are still technical challenges and limitations in the investigation of spatial/anatomical location of rare stem/progenitor cells and their molecular regulation in tooth and craniofacial bones of living animals. Recent advances in live animal imaging techniques for the craniofacial and dental apparatus can provide new insights in real time into bone stem/progenitor cell dynamics and function in vivo. Here, we review the current inventions and applications of the noninvasive intravital imaging technique and its practical uses and limitations in the analysis of stem/progenitor cells in craniofacial and dental apparatus in vivo. Furthermore, we also explore the potential applications of intravital microscopy in the dental field.

On the use of laser therapy in dentistry

The aim of the research: to optimize the prevention of dental complications by using electromagnetic low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) techniques on dental and periodontal tissues. Research methods. In 138 dental patients, a clinical and functional assessment of the dental apparatus was carried out, dental indices were studied, the results of vascular endothelial parameters (VEGF-A, sVEGF-R1, sVEGF-R2) and immune parameters (FNF, TNF, IFN-γ, neutrophils) of blood serum (solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a standard set), as well as VAS pain syndrome parameters were analyzed before/after laser therapy of different wavelength, mode and range (red, infrared). Results. The study made it possible to assess the effectiveness of treatment with LILR with one wavelength and in combination of different lengths of laser radiation as independent factors of preventive exposure in dentistry patients. After applying the techniques of transcanal treatment, dental periapical tissues were treated with laser radiation, including root canals (difficult teeth roots), using the C11 attachment from the «Lazmik-01» device. The study used a modulated red spectrum of LILR in continuous and pulsed mode (l = 635 nm) and an infrared pulsed spectrum (l = 904 nm) in a continuous mode with a sequential exposure to red (l = 635 nm) pulsed and infrared continuous laser radiation (l = 904 nm). Emphasis was placed on pain syndrome, vascular endothelial and immune shifts in dental and periodontal tissues before/after using laser therapy in dental patients. Conclusion. The combination of the red spectrum of LILR in pulsed mode (l = 635 nm) with a sequential exposure to infrared laser radiation (l = 904 nm) in continuous mode provides high vascular endothelial responses in the dental and periodontal tissues of the dental apparatus, and the use of red-spectrum laser radiation in continuous mode (l = 635 nm) in dental patients provides antimicrobial and sanitizing effects, including at the level of the root canals, which is more significant than after the use of infrared laser radiation in pulsed mode, when analgesic results are higher.

Патофизиологические аспекты регенерации костной ткани при увеличении ширины тонкого альвеолярного гребня челюстей с применением пьезохирургической техники

One of the main problems that impede dental rehabilitation with the use of dental implants is the limited amount of bone tissue in cases of its pronounced atrophy. According to a number of authors, about 50% of patients need additional osteoplastic operations before or at the stage of dental implantation. Objective. The aim of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of piezosurgical apparatus for splitting the alveolar crest of the jaw in the insertion of dental implants. Materials and methods. Forty adult patients (15 men and 25 women) aged 36 to 49 years who had undergone surgery for partial tooth loss on one and/or both jaws were evaluated. All in all, 48 implants were placed against the narrow alveolar crest of the jaws, which was surgically split using microsaws (Group 1- 11 patients), thin dental drills (Group 2 -15 patients) and piezosurgery apparatus (Group 3, 14 patients). The postoperative follow-up period was 4 to 6 months before the orthopaedic treatment. Results. During crestal splitting, the smallest bone reduction was obtained using piezosurgical technique, which was 0.84±0.22 mm, while with microsaws and dental drills, this figure was slightly higher, 0.93±0.21 mm (p≥0.05) and 1.23±019 mm (p≤0.05), respectively. One of the properties of a piezosurgical instrument is the effect on protein molecules, namely, their denaturation. This reduces the number of postoperative complications. Conclusion. The technique of alveolar crest splitting with a piezosurgical instrument works according to the absolutely natural and unique mechanism of bone healing - the mechanism of fracture repair. This technique uses the local bone resource and avoids or significantly reduces the use of foreign bone grafting materials. There is a tendency to a better rate of restoration of the lost width of the alveolar crest of the jaw when using the piezosurgical apparatus, in contrast to the use of microsaws and dental drills.

Features of ensuring the processes of obtaining and preparation of samples of traces of the human dental apparatus for subsequent comparative research

Features of ensuring the processes of obtaining and preparation of samples of traces of the human dental apparatus for subsequent comparative research

THE ROLE OF MEDICAL AND SANITARY-HYGIENIC EDUCATION OF PARENTS IN MAINTAINING THE DENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN

Abstract: Assessment of the contribution of sanitary and hygienic education of parents in maintaining the dental health of children is an urgent task of practical health care. 70 children aged 4-6 years were examined. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the prevalence of caries and its intensity were evaluated. The parents of the examined children were surveyed in order to determine their medical and sanitary-hygienic literacy, as well as to clarify their attitude to conducting sanitary and educational work. The average value of the Fedorov-Volodkina index in children was 2.03±0.65, while one third of the examined patients showed an insufficient level of oral hygiene. The high prevalence (76%) and intensity (cp(h) 2.1±1.6) of caries were revealed. The relationship between the erroneous ideas of parents about the lack of the need for timely treatment of baby teeth with the unsatisfactory hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the prevalence and intensity of caries is established. The indicator of the relative risk of caries of baby teeth in children with the point of view of their parents that baby teeth can’t be treated was 1.36 (confidence interval 1.08-1.72, p<0.05), and a similar RR in their opinion that children's carious teeth should not be treated, they should be removed was 1.41 (confidence interval 1.14-1.76, p<0.05). The association of dental pathology in the examined children and the low level of medical and sanitary-hygienic knowledge of their parents turned out to be comparable with such a well-known association as frequent acute infectious diseases in children and the development of dental diseases in pediatrics, and is more pronounced than the relationship between the unfavorable course of pregnancy and diseases of the dental apparatus. It is necessary to expand measures for medical and sanitary-hygienic education of parents, the introduction of new forms of interaction between medical personnel and legal representatives of children in order to preserve dental health in pediatrics.

The effectiveness of orthodontic and osteopathic correction in patients with dental anomalies and musculoskeletal dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint in the presence of concomitant somatic dysfunctions and without it

Introduction. The influence of the dental apparatus on the balance of the body in an upright position has been widely discussed in the literature for several decades. Examination of the patient taking into account his postural balance makes it possible to clarify the reasons for the low effectiveness of pain syndromes treatment of the craniocervical region caused by malocclusion, as well as ineffective correction of musculoskeletal dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (MSD TMJ) associated with posture disorders.The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with dental anomalies and musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint and concomitant somatic dysfunctions (if any) by methods of orthodontic and osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. The study involved 102 patients aged from 18 to 45 years with TMJ. All patients underwent orthodontic and osteopathic examination. 3 groups of patients were formed: № 1 — exclusively with dental anomalies TMJ (occlusive dysfunction), who received only orthodontic treatment, № 2 with concomitant somatic (extra-occlusive) dysfunctions, who received only orthodontic treatment, and №3 with concomitant somatic (extra-occlusive) dysfunctions, who received both orthodontic and osteopathic treatment. Orthodontic treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction of the TMJ consisted of the occlusive kappa manufacturing. Osteopathic correction was carried out individually, taking into account the identified somatic dysfunctions, on average 3 sessions. Patients also received drug therapy, and they performed myohymnastics for the masticatory muscles. The clinical dysfunction index (Helkimo M.) was used to control the elimination dynamics of the TMJ's musculoskeletal dysfunction symptoms. The assessment of the pain dynamics in the TMJ was carried out by a visual-analog scale (VAS). The evaluation of the osteopathic treatment effectiveness was carried out on the basis of computer stabilometry data and osteopathic examination data. A stabilometric study was performed on the «ST-150» («Biomera») stabiloplatform in the Romberg sample (European foot installation) with open and closed eyes in two positions of the lower jaw: 1) in a state of physiological rest (tooth rows are separated); 2) in the kappa with closed tooth rows.Results. The MSD TMJ symptoms were eliminated 10 weeks after the start of treatment in all (100 %) patients of group № 1 and group № 3. Among the patients in group № 2, only 12,1 % of patients had complete absence of MSD TMJ symptoms, while all patients in this group had a statistically significant decrease in the clinical index of Helkimo dysfunction. In one third of the group № 2 patients on the 12th week of orthodontic treatment, headaches and/or pains in other parts of the musculoskeletal system (neck, back, shoulders, arms) prevailed among complaints and which were previously indicated in the anamnesis. This occurred after the elimination of the MSD TMJ symptoms. The absolute majority of patients in group № 3 (97,1 %) noted the complete disappearance of headaches and/or pains in other parts of the musculoskeletal system (neck, back, shoulders, arms). Also, in patients of this group, stabilometric indicators were normalized in a state of physiological rest and in the kappa.Conclusion. Patients with somatic dysfunctions need complex treatment with the participation of an osteopath and a dentist. When assessing the osteopathic status of a patient, it is important to determine whether the patient has only occlusive dysfunctions or there are also extra-occlusive ones. Additional osteopathic correction is recommended for patients with extraocclusive dysfunctions in order to achieve treatment results comparable in effectiveness and timing.

Assessment and Comparison of Temporomandibular Joint for Occurrence and Severity of Disorders in Adult Cases with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Non-cleft Class I: An Observational Study

Background: Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) are hereditary deformity of craniofacial structure. Temporomandibular disorder has number of clinical problems affecting muscles of mastication and its associated structures. There are several methods used to evaluate temporomandibular dysfunction (MRI, etc), Helkimo index is a settler in advancing indices, other indices used are CMI, MFIQ, FONSECA. The design of the following study was to evaluate the TMJ disorders in UCLP, if any, and compare with the non-cleft cases.
 Methodology: Total 30 patients aged 16 to 20 years, will be selected from the patients coming to smile train Out Patient Department (OPD) of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Wardha. The total cases will be divided into two groups: a) Group I - unliteral cleft lip and palate cases b) Group II - non cleft class I cases Digital records of the patient (lateral cephalogram, photograph, models) will be taken and stored. Helkimo, MFIQ, CMI, Fonseca will be recorded on all patients participated in study. The Helkimo index will be taken to assess the presence and severity and MFIQ index will be taken to assess mandibular functioning in cleft cases based on the questionnaire.
 Expected Results: The dental apparatus (interdental relation of maxillary and mandibular dentition) plays an important role in the temporomandibular joint's well-being. Trauma due to the occlusal instability has definite effect on the TMJ in long run. Cleft is always associated with inter jaw malocclusion and therefore TMDs in the cleft patient is thought to occur. The treatment protocol for grown cases with severe skeletal malocclusion is orthognathic surgery. The TMJ correction remains untouched. It can be expected that altered TMJ anatomy can lead to TMDs in cleft lip and palate cases.
 Conclusion: To convey the occurrence of TMDs in cleft due to the inter jaw malocclusion and its early treatment approach for TMJ deprogramming along with dental and surgical correction in CLP.

Comparative analysis of changes in density and mineral composition of bone tissue on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus and opioid influence

Background. The study of bone tissue includes two directions – the study of patterns of structural reconstruction and clarification of the dynamics of mineral composition. Bone tissue reacts differently to the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors, but there is always a violation of the bone microarchitecture, its density and mineral composition. Purpose. Investigation and comparison of changes in bone density and its mineral composition on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus and long-term opioid influnce. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 25 white sexually mature nonlinear male rats, weighing 160–270 g, aged 5–7 months. The duration of the experiment was 6 weeks. Insulin-dependent form of type I diabetes mellitus was simulated by the administration of streptozotocin. Simulation of the long-term effects of opioids on the body was carried out by administering preparation Nalbuphine (Rusan Pharma LTD, India). Bone density was determined by the means of dental radiovisiography apparatus. The unit of measurement is the conventional unit of grayness. The mineral composition was investigated by atomic absorption spectral analysis of bone fragments on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer using propane-butane-air flame. The content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was investigated. The concentration of the elements was expressed in mg/g. Results. The data of radiovisiographic research showed that in experimental diabetes mellitus the density of the bone tissue of the mandible body decreases, and in the cases of long-term opioid use – increases. The decrease in density indicates the development of osteopenia, due to a decrease of calcium quantity and of the Ca/P index on the background of increasing levels of phosphorus and magnesium and Mg/Ca index. The increase in density is due to an increase in the absolute content in bone tissue of Ca, P and Mg, and Ca/P index, which confirms the increased mineralization of bone, the acceleration of metabolic processes of which is stimulated by the Mg content increase. Among all the studied ele-ments, only the ratio of absolute indicators of Ca content coincides with the ratio of its specific shares and bone density indicators. A similar ratio is determined for the Ca/P index. Conclusions. The decrease in bone density of the mandible on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus is likely to develope due to calcium content and Ca/P index decrease with increase in phosphorus and magnesium content and Mg/Ca index; and an increase in bone density on the background of long-term use of opioid drugs is caused by the increase in Ca, P and Mg content, as well as Ca/P index.

Functional interaction of chewing muscles in children with dentoalveolar system anomalies

Relevance. The focus of modern dental treatment not only on the elimination of aesthetic, but also functional disorders requires an understanding of the functional conjugation of the chewing muscles, the possibility of interprognosis of parameters. Objective. Assess the functional relationship between the tone of the chewing muscles proper and the bioelectric activity of the temporal and sublingual muscle groups in children with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system. Materials and Methods. The study involved 36 patients of Childrens Clinical Dental Clinic No. 2 of Voronezh, aged 6 to 12 years, who had not previously received orthodontic treatment and had distal occlusion anomalies. Evaluation of the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was carried out using surface electromyography on the Electromyograph Dental apparatus (Taganrog, Russia), the Chewing General sample. Evaluation of the tone of the chewing muscles proper was carried out using the Mioton-3C device in a state of physiological rest of the lower jaw. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel, version 7.0 and the statistical programs SPSS Statistics 21 and STATISTICA 7. Results and Discussion. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 4 weak positive, 2 weak negative, 14 moderate positive, 3 moderate negative, and 1 noticeable positive correlation between the tone of the right chewing muscle proper and the parameters of the bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 5 weak positive, 7 weak negative, 9 moderate negative correlations between the tone of the left chewing muscle proper and the parameters of bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Conclusion. A greater effect of the tone of the right chewing muscle on the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was found compared to the tone of the left chewing muscle itself. 27 equations have been derived that can be used as predictive models for calculating the tone of right and left chewing muscles proper depending on the indicators of bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles.

Lower jaw reconstruction using a vascularized bone graft is the main stage of complex rehabilitation of a child with lower jaw osteoblastoclastoma

BACKGROUND: Jaw bone benign tumors and dysplasia in childhood often have an aggressive growth pattern, which requires early radical operations. Uneven growth and changing morphological characteristics of the childs dentofacial apparatus imply stage-by-stage bone and plastic surgery in the maxillofacial region.
 CLINICAL CASE: The paper presents a clinical observation of the medical rehabilitation of a patient from 5 to 24 years old with lower jaw osteoblastoclastoma following our proposed algorithm.
 DISCUSSION: The presented clinical observation demonstrates all the main stages of medical rehabilitation of a child with a benign lower jaw neoplasm. Along with timely and fully operative neoplasm removal, rational dental prosthetics, and dispensary observation with X-ray diagnostics play an important role in the childs growth period. All these measures were important to prevent a possible neoplasm recurrence, partially maintain the masticatory function for the growth period, and avoid secondary postoperative dental apparatus deformities. The age of repeated surgery to replace the titanium structure with autosteal tissue depends on the individual characteristics of patients. The operation can be performed, in some cases, starting from age 1617 years.
 CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of children with benign neoplasms of the lower jaw after post-resection defects is a complex multi-stage process of medical rehabilitation, of which the completion, most often, passes into the adult period.