Dent Res Research Articles

Fluoride Varnish Application Prevents Caries in Preschool Children

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Fluoride Varnish Efficacy in Preventing Early Childhood Caries Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, et al. J Dent Res 2006;85(2):172-6 Level of Evidence 1b Purpose/Question To determine the efficacy of different fluoride varnish application frequencies with parental/caregiver oral health oral health counseling versus counseling alone in preventing early childhood caries in young, initially caries-free children. Source of Funding Government: National Institutes of Health Type of Study/Design Randomized Controlled Trial

Histological evaluation of contaminated furcal perforation in dogs’ teeth repaired by MTA with or without internal matrix

Perforation is a communication between the root canal system and the surrounding tissues through the floor of the pulp chamber or root canal wall of the tooth. 1 Sinai I. Endodontic perforations: their prognosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977; 95: 90-95 Google Scholar , 2 Jew R. Weine F. Keen J. A histologic evaluation of periodontal tissues adjacent to root perforations filled with Cavit. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1982; 54: 124-135 Google Scholar It can occur as a result of a large carious lesion in or adjacent to the floor of the pulp chamber, internal or external root resorption, and during endodontic treatment or after space preparation. The long-term prognosis of a perforated tooth is dependent upon the location of the perforation, how long the perforation is exposed to oral contamination, and the ability to seal the perforation. 1 Sinai I. Endodontic perforations: their prognosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977; 95: 90-95 Google Scholar Experimental studies of periodontal tissue reaction after perforations in monkeys’ and in dogs’ teeth, together with some clinical investigation of perforations in human teeth, suggest that perforation in the cervical third of the root or in the floor of the pulp chamber have the least favorable prognosis after treatment. 3 Seltzer S. Sinai I. August D. Periodontal effects of root perforations before and during endodontic procedures. J Dent Res. 1970; 49: 332-339 Google Scholar , 4 Meister F. Lommel T. Gerstein H. Davies E. Endodontic perforations which resulted in alveolar bone loss. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1979; 47: 463-470 Google Scholar These types of perforation usually increase the possibility of epithelial proliferation and periodontitis. 1 Sinai I. Endodontic perforations: their prognosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977; 95: 90-95 Google Scholar , 5 Lantz B. Persson P. Periodontal tissue reactions after surgical treatment of root perforations in dog’s teeth: a histologic study. Odont Revy. 1970; 21: 51-62 Google Scholar Nonsurgical immediate repair using proper filling material may prevent the resulting communication between perforation site and gingival sulcus and thus favorable prognosis could be achieved. 6 Lemon R. Nonsurgical repair of perforation defects. Dent Clin North Am. 1992; 36: 349-457 Google Scholar Amalgam has been the standard material for repairing furcal perforation for many years. 7 El Deeb M.E. El Deeb M. Tabibi A. Jensen J. An evaluation of the use of amalgam, Cavit and calcium hydroxide in the repair of furcation perforation. J Endod. 1982; 8: 459-466 Google Scholar , 8 Balla R. LoMonaco C. Skribner J. Lim L. Histological study of furcation perforation treated with tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, amalgam, and life. J Endod. 1991; 19: 591-595 Google Scholar Recently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) material was found to be superior to most of the dental materials that have been tried to repair furcal perforation. 9 Pitt Ford T. Torabinejad M. Hong C. Kariyawasam S. Use of mineral trioxide aggregate for repair of furcal perforations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995; 79: 756-763 Google Scholar , 10 Weldon J. Pashley D. Loushine R. Weller R. Kimbrough W. Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and Super-EBA when used as furcation repair materials, a longitudinal study. J Endod. 2002; 28: 467-470 Google Scholar

No benefit from regular 6-month fluoride gel applications in low-risk caries individuals

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Professionally applied fluoride gel in low-caries 10.5-year-olds. Truin GJ, van 't Hof MA. J Dent Res 2005;84(5):418-21. Level of Evidence 1b Purpose/Question To investigate the caries-reducing effect of semiannual professional sodium fluoride gel application in a low-caries child population over a period of 4 years' follow-up. Source of Funding The study was supported by a grant (SGZ/16524/95) from the College van zorgverzekeringen, Amstelveen, The Netherlands. Type of Study/Design Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activation: A Major Role in the Pathogenesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection

Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activation: A Major Role in the Pathogenesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection

Fabrication of a metal-ceramic fixed partial denture using the prosthetic components of an unidentified implant system

Since the introduction of dental implants, several implant manufacturing companies have evolved. Clinicians are currently overwhelmed with more than 90 root-form implants to choose from. 1 Binon P.P. Implants and components: entering the new millennium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000; 15: 76-94 PubMed Google Scholar In addition, a large number of different abutment designs are available, as each implant manufacturer generally provides many restorative solutions. 2 Watson P.A. Development and manufacture of prosthodontic components: do we need changes?. Int J Prosthodont. 1998; 11: 513-516 PubMed Google Scholar , 3 Henry P.J. Implant hardware—science or commodity development?. J Dent Res. 1995; 74: 301-302 Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar , 4 English C.E. Externally hexed implants, abutments, and transfer devices: a comprehensive overview. Implant Dent. 1992; 1: 273-282 Crossref PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar Moreover, components that have been used extensively in the past may not be available. Since there are a large number of implant manufacturers worldwide, it is sometimes almost impossible to first identify an unknown implant system and then select the components that would be appropriate for the prosthesis. As a consequence, successfully osseointegrated implants functioning for a long period of time may be difficult to restore when the existing restoration fails. In these situations, the clinician must identify solutions that will not jeopardize the longevity of the implants and, at the same time, will provide a cost-effective, functional, and esthetic new prosthesis. This article describes the fabrication of a metal-ceramic implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) using the transmucosal elements and the fastening screws of a previous copolymer resin implant-supported restoration.

Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome: A review of the aspects of hair and hair color

Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome (RHS) is characterized by hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate. This combination of clinical findings is also seen in ankyloblepharon–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting syndrome (AEC) and ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting syndrome (EEC). 1 Rapp R.S. Hodgkin W.E. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: autosomal dominant inheritance with palate and lip anomalies. J Med Genet. 1968; 5: 269-272 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 2 Priolo M. Lagana C. Ectodermal dysplasias: a new clinical-genetic classification. J Med Genet. 2001; 38: 579-585 Crossref PubMed Scopus (129) Google Scholar , 3 Neilson D.E. Brunger J.W. Heeger S. Bamshad M. Robin N.H. Mixed clefting type in Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2002; 108: 281-284 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar Although there is much clinical overlap, the presence of ectrodactyly (absence or deficiency of digits) is considered to be unique to EEC and ankyloblepharon (fusion of the eyelid margins) is unique to AEC. The presence of ectodermal dysplasia and oral clefting in combination with a distinctive facies, such as narrow or pinched nose and small mouth, suggests RHS. 4 Bjorklund L. Felding I. Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1991; 80: 93-94 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 5 Fosko S.W. Stenn K.S. Bolognia J.L. Ectodermal dysplasias associated with clefting: significance of scalp dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992; 27: 249-256 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar , 6 Kantaputra P.N. Pruksachatkunakorn C. Vanittanakom P. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome with palmoplantar keratoderma, glossy tongue, congenital absence of lingual frenum and of sublingual caruncles: newly recognized findings. Am J Med Genet. 1998; 79: 343-346 Crossref PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar , 7 Kantaputra P.N. Hamada T. Kumchai T. McGrath J.A. Heterozygous mutation in the SAM domain of p63 underlies Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia. J Dent Res. 2003; 82: 433-437 Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar The phenotypic similarities have led to much speculation about a genetic relationship among AEC, EEC, and RHS. There is an overlap between RHS and AEC with characteristic RHS facies 8 Cambiaghi S. Tadini G. Barbareschi M. Menni S. Caputo R. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome: are they the same entity?. Br J Dermatol. 1994; 130: 97-101 Crossref PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar , 9 Rowan D.M. Scalp dermatitis, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate: Rapp-Hodgkin or AEC syndrome. Australas J Dermatol. 1996; 37: 102-103 Crossref PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar , 10 Sahin M.T. Turel-Ermertcan A. Chan I. McGrath J.A. Ozturkcan S. Ectodermal dysplasia showing clinical overlap between AEC, Rapp-Hodgkin and CHAND syndromes. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2004; 29: 486-488 Crossref PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar and there has been a report 11 Moerman P. Fryns J.P. Ectodermal dysplasia, Rapp-Hodgkin type in a mother and severe ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC) in her child. Am J Med Genet. 1996; 63: 479-481 Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar of a family whose mother has RHS and a son has EEC. Recent genetic molecular studies have shown that AEC, EEC, and RHS represent a wide phenotypic spectrum of a single genetic disorder associated with mutations in the TP63 gene. 7 Kantaputra P.N. Hamada T. Kumchai T. McGrath J.A. Heterozygous mutation in the SAM domain of p63 underlies Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia. J Dent Res. 2003; 82: 433-437 Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar , 12 Bougeard G. Hadj-Rabia S. Faivre L. Sarafan-Vasseur N. Frebourg T. The Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome results from mutations of the TP63 gene. Eur J Hum Genet. 2003; 11: 700-704 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 13 Dianzani I. Garelli E. Gustavsson P. Carando A. Gustafsson B. Dahl N. et al. Rapp-Hodgkin and AEC syndromes due to a new frameshift mutation in the TP63 gene. J Med Genet. 2003; 40: e133 Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar , 14 Bertola D.R. Kim C.A. Albano L.M. Scheffer H. Meijer R. van Bokhoven H. Molecular evidence that AEC syndrome and Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome are variable expressions of a single genetic disorder. Clin Genet. 2004; 66: 79-80 Crossref PubMed Scopus (46) Google Scholar

DNA sequence variations in the genes MSX1 and TGFA may lead to developmentally missing teeth

Original Article Vieira AR, Meira R, Modesto A, Murray JC. MSX1, PAX9, and TGFA contribute to tooth agenesis in humans. J Dent Res 2004;83(9):723-7. Level of Evidence 3b Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the association between developmentally missing teeth (hypodontia) and sequence variations in the genes MSX1 , PAX9 , and TGFA in an ethnically diverse population. Source of Funding National Institutes of Health Type of Study/Design A case/parent trio study

Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Contains Viable Invasive Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis

To the Editor: Because epidemiological evidence supports an association between cardiovascular and periodontal disease, we assessed whether periodontal pathogens were present in atherosclerotic lesions. To detect invasive bacteria, the natural tropism of the bacteria toward human tissues was exploited. Further, bacterial presence was demonstrated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). This confirms the presence of periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic lesions, whereby the bacteria could contribute to the vascular pathology either directly through their cytotoxicity or indirectly by inducing or exacerbating inflammation. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the in the United States.1 According to the American Heart Association’s statistics from 2003, there were no previous symptoms in 50% of men and 63% of women who died suddenly from CHD. In a 10-year follow-up study, ≈25% of coronary deaths in males and 15% in females occurred in persons in the lowest two quintiles of the multivariate Framingham Heart Study risk scores.2 This and other data have led to an emerging paradigm shift from coronary heart disease having a purely hereditary/nutritional causation to possibly having an infectious component.3 Many epidemiological studies strongly suggest that periodontitis may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD).4 Serologically, edentulousness and serum IgG-antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in 1163 men were recently shown to be associated with CHD.5 In a larger prospective study of 6950 subjects, the same authors provide serological evidence that an infection caused by major periodontal pathogens is associated with future stroke.6 Previous studies have identified 16S rRNA of oral microbial pathogens, including P gingivalis and A actinomycetemcomitans , …

Alcohol consumption may lead to periodontitis

Original Article Pitiphat W, Merchant AT, Rimm EB, Joshipura KJ. Alcohol consumption increases periodontitis risk. J Dent Res 2003;82(7):509-13. Level of Evidence 2b Purpose To determine whether alcohol consumption increases risk for development of periodontitis Source of Funding Government (NIH) Type of Study/Design Cohort study

Health behavior may influence associations between oral health indicators and coronary heart disease (CHD)

Original Article Tuominen R, Reunanen A, Paunio M, Paunio I, Aromaa A. Oral health indicators poorly predict coronary heart disease deaths. J Dent Res 2003;82(9):713-8. Level of Evidence 2b Purpose To investigate the association between oral health indicators and coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths Source of Funding Academy of Finland and Social Insurance Institution of Finland Type of Study/Design 12-year follow-up study

Association between periodontal disease, edentulism, and stroke/transient ischemic attack

Original Article Elter JR, Offenbacher S, Toole JF, Beck JD. Relationship of periodontal disease and edentulism to stroke/TIA. J Dent Res 2003;82(12):998-1001. Level of Evidence 3b Purpose To determine whether there is an association between periodontitis or edentulous and a combined outcome of stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (TIA) Source of Funding Government: NIDCR grant R01DE11551 and contracts from NHLBI Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study

Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth

Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth

Keratinocyte stem cells, label-retaining cells and possible genome protection mechanisms.

Stem cells are the crucial cells upon which the entire tissue is dependent. Here we define and discuss what is meant by and known about keratinocyte stem cells. One way in which these cells have been studied is by their ability to retain radioactivity labelled thymidine for long periods of time (label retaining cells, LRCs). The underlying mechanism has been assumed in the past to be slow cycling but a more likely explanation is the selective segregation of old and new DNA strands (Cairns's hypothesis). Experiments in the small intestine indicate that the stem cells here are selectively sorting their DNA and becoming LRCs. A possible role for p53 in stem cell biology is presented.

Saliva composition and flow rates are impacted by early HIV disease irrespective of xerostomic medications

Original Article Lin AL, Johnson DA, Stephan KT, Yeh CK. Alteration in salivary function in early HIV infection. J Dent Res 2003 Sep;82(9):719-24. Level of Evidence 3b Question Is salivary function altered in the early stages of HIV disease? Source of Funding Public Health Service grant DE12188 (NIDCR) US Army Medical Research and Development Command (K.T.S.) Design Cross-sectional study

Poster 8: Development and characterization of tissue-engineered oral mucosa using cryopreserved oral keratinocytes

Poster 8: Development and characterization of tissue-engineered oral mucosa using cryopreserved oral keratinocytes

Predicting cumulative risk in endosseous dental implant failure

went bilateral and unilateral bone transport, respectively. Method of Data Analysis: Consolidation of the distracted tissue was examined radiologically. Results: The bone transport was achieved without complication. Series of panoramic radiograms showed radiopacity in the distracted gaps gradually increased. Residual ridges were restored with regenerative bone and their covering attached mucosa. Conclusion: The distractor enables the bone transport as an internal technique and is effective in reconstructing a segmental defect of the mandible without grafting procedure.

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: From Risk Factors To Prevention

Background: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is widespread. About 60-70% of the general population is aware of symptoms. Aim of the study is to investigate the main risk factors involved in TMJD. Methods: 68 consecutive patients admitted for surgical procedures were enrolled. Before surgical procedure, they were clinically evaluated for TMJD, according to accepted criteria. A logistic regression model step-wise was used to evaluate the correlation between single risk factors and TMJD. Results: 47 out of 68 patient (69.12%) presented at least one sign or symptom of TMJD. Among all evaluated risk factors, only the presence of dental caries was significantly associated with TMJD (OR=6.13; p Manuele Casale, MD Area of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico Rome Via Longoni, 69/83 00155 Rome (Italy) Tel.: 0039622541740 – Fax: 0039622541456 Email: m.casale@unicampus.it

Visual Analog Pain Scores and the Need for Analgesia: Response

Academic Emergency MedicineVolume 10, Issue 9 p. 1012-1013 Free Access Visual Analog Pain Scores and the Need for Analgesia: Response First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00325-7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Blumstein HA, Moore D. Visual analog pain scores do not define desire for analgesia in patients with acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2003; 10: 211– 4. 2 H Merskey, N Bogduk, (eds). International Association for the Study of Pain: IASP pain terminology. In: Classification of Pain. Seattle , WA : IASP Press, 1994; pp 209– 14. 3 Marquie L, Raufaste E, Laugue D, Marine C, Ecoiffier M, Sorum P. Pain rating by patients and physicians: evidence of systematic pain miscalibration. Pain 2002; 102: 289– 96. 4 Jensen M, Karoly P. Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. In: D Turk, R Melzack, (eds). Handbook of pain assessment, 2nd ed. New York , NY : Guilford, 2001; pp 15– 34. 5 Craig KD, Weiss SM. Vicarious influences on pain-threshold determinations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1971; 19: 53– 9. 6 Dworkin SF, Chen AC. Pain in clinical and laboratory contexts. J Dent Res. 1982; 61: 772– 4. 7 Seymour RA, Simpson JM, Charlton JE, Phillips ME. An evaluation of length and end-phrase of visual analogue scales in dental pain. Pain 1985; 21: 177– 85. 8 Sriwatanakul K, Kelvie W, Lasagna L, Calimlim JF, Weis OF, Mehta G. Studies with different types of visual analog scales for measurement of pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983; 34: 234– 9. 9 De C Williams AC, Davies HT, Chadury Y. Simple pain rating scales hide complex idiosyncratic meanings. Pain. 2000; 85: 457– 63. Volume10, Issue9September 2003Pages 1012-1013 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Label-retaining cells (presumptive stem cells) of mice vibrissae do not express gap junction protein connexin 43.

We investigated whether connexin 43, a gap junction protein present in human epidermis and mouse hair follicle, can serve as a negative marker for keratinocyte stem cells. Experiments carried out in mouse pelage and vibrissae hair follicles demonstrated that most of the slowly cycling cells, detected as label-retaining cells, do not express connexin 43. In humans, cells with immunohistochemically undetectable levels of connexin 43 are found in the epidermal basal layer of neonatal foreskin, and in the follicular bulge region. About 10% of the basal keratinocytes are connexin 43 negative, as determined by flow cytometry. These cells are uniformly small and low in granularity suggesting that presumptive keratinocyte stem cells can be identified and separated based on connexin 43 expression.

Hair follicle stem cells.

The workshop on Hair Follicle Stem Cells brought together investigators who have used a variety of approaches to try to understand the biology of follicular epithelial stem cells, and the role that these cells play in regulating the hair cycle. One of the main concepts to emerge from this workshop is that follicular epithelial stem cells are multipotent, capable of giving rise not only to all the cell types of the hair, but also to the epidermis and the sebaceous gland. Furthermore, such multipotent stem cells may represent the ultimate epidermal stem cell. Another example of epithelial stem cell and transit amplifying cell plasticity, was the demonstration that adult corneal epithelium, under the influence of embryonic skin dermis could form an epidermis as well as hair follicles. With regards to the location of follicular epithelial stem cells, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data was presented, indicating that cells with stem cell attributes were localized to the prominent bulge region of developing human fetal hair follicles. Finally, a new notion was put forth concerning the roles that the bulge-located stem cells and the hair germ cells played with respect to the hair cycle.