Densitometry Tests Research Articles

Canal to calcar ratio is associated with lumbar compression fractures

Objective: Osteoporosis is one of the major public health problems. Singh (SI) and Genant indexes are the most well-known osteoporosis evaluation methods. Femoral cortical thickness index (CTI) and femoral canal to calcar ratio (CCR) values have been found to be more informative in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SI, CTI, CCR, bone mineral density, and blood tests. Patients and Methods: Hospital digital archives were searched and postmenauposal female patients who underwent bone scanning between 2018 and 2020 were included. Demographic data, blood laboratory and bone mineral densitometry (BMD) test results, and radiographic views were collected. The results were statistically analysed and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results: The mean age was 66.14±6.82 years. There were 22 patients with lumbar compression according to Genant criteria. Also, 52 patients had osteoporosis and 35 patients had osteopenia according to the spine or hip BMD T scores. CCR was found to be significantly related to lumbar compression (p=0.04). Conclusion: In this study, no correlation was found between CCR value and T score. However, CCR value was found to be associated with lumbar vertebral compression, which is helpful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. It may be considered as a parameter that should be studied more in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Identification Test of Medicinal Chemicals (BKO) in Uric Acid Herbal Preparations Circulating in Bantaeng District Using the Densitometric KLT Method

Medicinal Chemicals (BKO) in herbal medicine will be bad for health. Some of the BKOs commonly added to uric acid herbs such as piroxicam, piroxicam is a drug used for the treatment of gout. But the reality is that in the market there are still many that contain BKO. Added medicinal chemicals can have harmful side effects for consumers. In this study, the identification of piroxicam in uric acid herbal medicine has been carried out. Identification was carried out by preliminary tests in the form of organoleptic / macroscopic and microscopic tests. Qualitative test in the form of thin layer chromatography (KLT), and quantitative test in the form of densitometry. The organoleptic test results showed that the samples had powder and capsule dosage forms with dark ash, white, yellow and pale yellow colors. It has a bitter taste and aromatic odor. Microscopic test results showed plant fragments from each ingredient contained in the composition of slimming herbs. In the KLT test with the mobile phase acetone: chlorophom: n-hexan (7: 2: 1) obtained the Rf value of piroxicam comparator which is 0.8. Analysis of the five samples showed the same Rf value as the piroxicam comparator. Densitometry test on the samples showed that samples 1, 2 and 4 were positive for piroxicam.

Comprehensive Young Age Breast Cancer registry from clinical, genomics, and patient-reported outcomes measured with 15years follow-up: the CHARM cohort profile.

In recognition of the distinct clinical challenges and research gaps in young breast cancer (YBC) patients, we established the Comprehensive Young Age Breast Cancer (CHARM) registry to collect prospective data. This prospective cohort included patients who were newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed breast cancer without prior treatment at the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) in April 2013. We included patients who were either 40years old or younger at the time of diagnosis, pregnant at breast cancer diagnosis or diagnosed with breast cancer within 1year of delivery. All data were collected using Medidata's Rave Electronic Data. Clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Two experienced pathologists reviewed the pathologic data. Bone mineral densitometry tests have been conducted annually. To obtain multi-omics data, tumor tissues and blood samples were prospectively collected from consenting patients in the registry during surgery. The fertility-related factor also collected collaborated with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels were measured using an additional blood sample from baseline to last follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using mobile questionnaires. A total of 1868 participants were included in the SMC YBC study. The average (standard deviation) age was 35.57 (3.79) and 99.8% of the participants were premenopausal. Among them, 1062 participants completed the PRO questionnaires. The SMC YBC cohort serves as a comprehensive registry for YBC to optimize care and improve knowledge regarding the management of YBC.

Osteoporosis en la mujer

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disease which causes primary osteoporosis in which an estrogen deficit is the principal cause of bone loss. It entails a high morbidity, mortality, and financial cost. A diagnosis is made through a bone densitometry test or in the event of fragility fractures. Therapeutic indications are made based an individualized fracture risk. At present, there are various drugs with demonstrated antifracture efficacy and different mechanisms of action. During follow-up, the treatment and its duration as well as the therapeutic response are re-evaluated. On the other hand, fragility fractures and osteoporosis in premenopausal women are uncommon. The main objective in these women is to identify any secondary cause and provide specific treatment for this cause if possible. The diagnosis is made when there is a medical history of fracture with mild trauma. Antiosteoporotic treatments are rarely indicated, except when there is continuous bone loss and repeated fractures. There are few high-quality clinical trials in this population which provide reliable data. It is not known if said treatments reduce the risk of future fractures and their long-term effects.

Design and fabrication of high performance membrane for carbon dioxide separation via blending poly(ethylene oxide-b-amid 6) with dense, glassy and highly CO2-philic amidoximated polymers

Blend membranes based on the poly(ethylene oxide-b-amid 6) (Pebax 1657) block copolymer and carbon dioxide (CO2)-philic glassy polymers including polyacrylonitrile (PAN), acrylonitrile/ vinylimidazole copolymer (P(AN-co-VIm)) or corresponding amidoximated derivatives, i.e. P(AO-AN) and P(AO-AN-co-VIm), as additive were prepared using solution casting method. To increase CO2-philic groups, acrylonitrile- based polymers were amidoximated via reacting with hydroxyl ammonium chloride (NH2OH.HCl) reagent where amidoximation process was evaluated by FTIR and 1H NMR. Compatibility and morphology of components in the blend membranes and blend density were examined by ATR-IR and DSC, FE-SEM and densitometry tests, respectively. Shifting of the peaks in the ATR-IR spectra showed that the Pebax 1657 chains establish a hydrogen bonding with the homo- or copolymer chains. The crystallinity and melting temperature (Tm) of polyamide (PA) domains in the Pebax 1657 decreased by increasing the amount of acrylonitrile- based polymers and their amidoximated derivatives. Also, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) domains increased due to the glassy nature of the additives. FE-SEM results indicated that all membranes are dense and there is a good interaction between the Pebax and the additives. The dense structure and free volume reduction in the membranes were confirmed by increasing membrane density resulting from increase in the amount of acrylonitrile- based polymer and amidoximated derivatives. The permeability of CO2, nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) gases from pure and blend membranes was measured by constant pressure/ variable volume method at 3 bar and ambient temperature. By increasing the amount of acrylonitrile- based polymers, i.e. PAN and P(AN-co-VIm), up to 20 wt%, the permeability of CH4, N2 and CO2 increased and then decreased with further increasing of the additive content. In blend membranes containing amidoximated polymers, i.e. (P(AO-AN) and P(AO-AN-co-VIm)), CO2 permeability and of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity showed an increased trend up to 60%wt additive due to increased number and type of nitrogen atoms in the membrane structure. Compared to the pure Pebax 1657, CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity in blend membrane containing 40 wt% of P(AO-AN-co-VIm) copolymer increased by 193%, 497% and 495%, respectively.

Assessment of Bone Density of Patients Referred to Arak Densitometry Center from 2016 to 2017: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Osteoporosis and subsequent fractures increased mortality and disability. Along with this fact, the demand for diagnostic tests has also increased in recent years, which has created a heavy financial burden on the health system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of the indications of performing the bone density measurement in Arak city with the criteria of the international sociality of clinical densitometry (ISCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2016 to 2017. Patients’ information was extracted from checklists recorded by a bone density measurement expert. Patients who lived in Arak and did not have an underlying condition that reduced the value of the bone mineral densitometry (BMD) test were studied. We collected the information of the patients who had undergone a bone density test at the discretion of their physician. Results: Here, 816 out of 1,354 bone density tests, requested by non-rheumatologists, were abnormal, and 538 were normal. In the abnormal group, 800 (98%) cases had ISCD indications for BMD application, and only 16 (2%) cases had no indication. However, 636 bone density tests were requested by rheumatologists that 474 were abnormal and 162 were normal, and in the abnormal group, 471 (99.4%) had ISCD indications for BMD, and only 3 (0.6%) cases had no indications. Conclusions: In many cases, bone mineral density has been requested based on ISCD indications (85.13%), and bone disorders have been well identified (64.83%). The study also demonstrates that BMD requests are common among different specialized groups, and when rheumatologists request a bone density, the test is highly sensitive (99.37%).

Bone densitometry categories as a salient distracting feature in the modern clinical pathways of osteoporosis care: A retrospective 20-year cohort study.

It is unknown as to what factors typically drive osteoporosis therapy decisions in real-world practice. Retrospective, 20-year cohort study within the government health system of Manitoba including all women having bone densitometry (BMD) tests between 1996 and 2017. Osteoporosis prescription data was linked to registry data on fractures, clinical risk factors and BMD tests. We defined 6 possible treatment decisions by prescription data: no treatment, starting, stopping, continuing, drug hiatus and re-starting. For each decision, we tested the association between salient patient factors (age, glucocorticoid use, recent fracture, BMD hip or spine T-score≤-2.5, FRAX major osteoporotic fracture probability ≥20%) using multivariable logistic regression. The factors were rank-ordered by decreasing Wald χ2 statistic to determine the relative importance. There were 64,181 women, 33.8% of whom started osteoporosis therapy. For patients who begin therapy after a first BMD, the rank-ordered multivariable logistic regression factor most strongly associated was the T-score≤-2.5 [OR of 7.59(95%CI 7.19-8.01, p<0.001)]. This was followed by glucocorticoid use [OR 2.89(95%CI 2.59-3.22, p<0.001)]. Increasing age and recent fracture (within 2years) were weak predictors of therapy and high FRAX score associated with reduced odds of therapy [OR 0.80 (95%CI 0.74-0.88, p<0.001)]. T-scores were the strongest factor predicting therapy stop/continuation/re-starting; age and prior fracture had weak or no associations. Despite recommendations for fracture-risk-based approach to osteoporosis therapy, BMD T-score continues to be the dominant factor in actual practice. Age, prior fracture or global fracture risk are much less associated; it is possible that BMD T-score categories are therefore acting as a clinically salient distracting factor.

The Comparison of Spectrophotometric and TLC-Densitometric for DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity Analysis of Three Medicinal Plant Extracts

&lt;p&gt;In this research, Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry has proven to be a good method for analyzing 1, 1 diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, since this approach displayed the similar trends with UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Three medicinal plants collected from Semarang used to evaluate both methods. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value ranged from 25.26 - 4913.74 ppm shown by UV-Vis spectrophotometric and 24.74 – 4674.61 ppm using TLC-Densitometric. Meniran Dechlorophyllated (&lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus niruri)&lt;/em&gt; provides the strongest antioxidant activity and the weakest de-chlorophylated parsley &lt;em&gt;(Petroselinum crispum&lt;/em&gt;). The paired sample t-test points from a non-dechlorophylation extract using the TLC densitometry test significantly gives a lower IC50 value than the UV spectrophotometry method-has. The maximum increase of peak area under the UV light 365 nm up to 56.08 %. This evidence supports the presumption that the scavenging radical DPPH caused not only decreasing the maximum absorbance under UV light 516 nm but also increasing the absorbance under UV light ± 365 nm.&lt;/p&gt;

EARLY HIP REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES

The aim of the study was to improve the surgical treatment outcomes for hip fracture by optimizing the methods of preoperative preparation for endoprosthesis, choosing the method of endoprosthesis and postoperative management of elderly and senile patients.&#x0D; The study was based on the analysis of the treatment outcomes of 339 patients with femoral neck fractures, aged 50-85 years for 2000-2019. 206 patients underwent endoprosthetic surgery without cement fixation; in 133 cases bone cement was used. 151 (44.8%) patients had total hip replacement with Deriuh and Zimmer implants performed within 1 to 2 days. 66 (19.5%) patients underwent surgery within 5 days, and the remaining 120 (35.5%) patients underwent endoprosthetic surgery within 8-10 days. When diagnosis has been made, the patient should undergo endoprosthetic surgery as early as possible. Preoperative preparation of this group of patients, in addition to standard procedure, also included the dopplerography, densitometry, and biochemical blood tests to determine the level of calcium. Summing up these diagnostic parameters, the severity of osteoporosis was determined that in turn allowed clinicians to choose the optimal tactics for hip replacement. The average duration of the operation was about 1 hour. In the postoperative period, patients were monitored in the intensive care unit for a day. A day after the operation, the patient can move relatively freely in bed. He can be allowed to sit down if he can. It is necessary to perform deep breathing exercises. Movements in the knee joint can be started from the first day. Next day, depending on the general condition, the patient can be allowed to sit on a chair near the bed or even walk with crutches. Before getting patients on their feet on the 2-3 day after the operation, dopplerography is performed. Walking with crutches lasts 2-3 days, but patients should not avoid the load on the operated limb; after this period the patient should walk with a stick, and in a few days without a stick. Walking with additional support is recommended for up to 10 days. The average period of inpatient treatment of this group of patients was up to 12 days. 151 patients, who had endoprosthetic surgery performed on within 5 days, had no hypostatic complications, thrombosis and thromboembolism; 3 patients were found to have cardiovascular insufficiency and one patient had bedsores. In 188 patients who had hip replacement performed on in 5 days and over since the fracture, the percentage of complications was as follows: hypostatic complications thrombosis and thromboembolism was found in 3 cases, heart failure – in 4 cases, bedsores – in 7 cases. Hip replacement in femoral neck fractures in the elderly and senile age should requires as early intervention as it possible thus, providing the main prevention of hypostatic complications and early rehabilitation of patients.

Underestimated Value of Sarcopenia in Gastric Cancer Surgery

Surgery remains the only potentially curative option for gastric cancer, although it is related to high postoperative morbidity and mortality rate. Approximately every second gastric cancer patient is diagnosed with sarcopenia, which is a significant risk factor for postoperative complications and poor long-term outcomes. However, sarcopenia is underestimated in routine clinical practice, since it remains the interest of clinical trials. Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria are not fully standardized, but it consists of tests for muscle strength, quantity and quality. They include grip strength, chair stand test, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance analysis and densitometry tests. Regarding the growing evidence for sarcopenia impact on surgical gastric cancer treatment results, it is a high probability that sarcopenia assessment will come to routine clinical practice. Although, until then there is a need for further clinical trials to standardize the diagnostic and to find effective treatment strategies.

The effect of various Co contents on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-TiB2-Co cermets prepared in situ via reactive hot pressing

Ti(C,N)-TiB2-Co cermets were in situ synthesized, via reactive hot pressing from the Co-Ti-C-BN system, with a Co content ranging from 6 to 22 wt%. The microstructure, relative density, hardness, and fracture toughness of the sintered compacts was investigated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ceramic densitometry, and Vickers hardness test. The investigations indicate that during hot pressing (compacting pressure = 30 MPa), when the Co content is 14–22 wt%, the metal binder is extruded. Co and Ti are included in the extrudate, breaking the original ratio and deteriorating the properties of the sintered products. As the Co content increases from 6 wt% to 12 wt%, the porosity increases, and the relative density increases from 97.2% to 99.5%. The fracture toughness increases from 6.1 to 6.8 MPa m1/2. The Vickers hardness first increases from 1897 HV10 to the maximum 1960 HV10 and then decreases slightly to 1945 HV10.

INFLUENCE OF TAE BO EXERCISE ON BONE MARKERS AND FRAX SCORE

In recent times, osteoporosis has taken epidemic proportions. It is a disorder that in time of industrialization and application of new technologies is starting to impact even the younger population. The use of modern devices in everyday life is resulting in a reduce level of human physical activity, consequently leading to inactive way of life and increase in number of people suffering from osteoporosis. Going beyond its educational character, this dissertation also has an aim to point out potential positive aspects of Tae Bo exercises on people with osteoporosis and potential positive effect on bone mass, lowering of FRAX score and better quality of life.The study included 92 patients with osteoporosis diagnosis, who at the beginning and at the end of the study carried out laboratory blood, urine, densitometry tests and filled out questionnaires of the ten-year risk of fracture (FRAX) and Quality Questionnaire QUALEFFO 31. The study was prospective, randomized controlled study conducted on a group of women between 55 and 65 years age during the period from 01.07.2018. to 01.07.2019. Research has shown that programs Tae Bo exercise can positively impact the greater bone mass and quality of life of people with osteoporosis. Considering the social and economic magnitude and the breath of osteoporosis as a global and widespread problem, the main contribution of this study was to find new ways in mitigating the effects.

Comparison of Quality of Life and Bone Mass Density among Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background:Postmenopausal women are at highest risk of developing osteoporosis, since their bone mineral density is reduced due to decrease in estrogen level. Various other physiological, emotional, and psychological changes jeopardize the health of these vulnerable females in total and reduce their quality of life (QoL).Aims and Objectives:To compare the QoL and bone mass density (BMD) among normal BMD, osteopenic, and osteoporotic postmenopausal women.Setting and Design:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the outpatient department of physical medicine and rehabilitation at a tertiary care center of northern India from August 2019 to February 2020.Materials and Methods:Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of all postmenopausal women were collected using a quantitative tool. Assessment of QoL was done by pretested and validated QUALEFFO-41 scale. For all the women, a bone mineral densitometry test was performed on the L1–L4 lumbar spine, femoral neck, and forearm by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.Statistical Analysis:One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean BMD values across the three groups. Determination of predictive factors for QoL was performed using stepwise logistic regression analysis.Results:Significant differences were noted for the mean values of the three domains, i.e., pain, physical, and social function (P < 0.01). Women with osteoporosis had significantly higher pain scores as compared to others. Among those with osteoporosis, the pain scores have significantly increased gradually as age increases.Conclusion:Postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis have poor QoL as compared to those with normal BMD.

Dysregulation of calcium metabolism in type 1 myotonic dystrophy.

Patients with type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) have a higher incidence of hypercalcaemia compared with the general population. The nature and effects of dysregulated calcium metabolism underpinning this phenomenon have not been fully characterised. To determine the characteristics of dysregulated calcium metabolism in patients with DM1 and its association with bone mineral density. A retrospective review of medical records of patients with DM1 attending a DM clinic at Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, between 2005 and 2018 and who had concurrent serum assays performed of corrected serum calcium, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate and for whom results were available for estimated glomerular filtration rate, bone mineral densitometry tests and urinary calcium clearance to creatinine clearance ratio (UCCR). Forty-four patients with DM1 (22 females, 22 males) were reviewed of whom 14 (32%) had elevated corrected serum calcium and inappropriate PTH. Another 10 patients (23%) had raised PTH with normocalcaemia. Eighteen of 19 (94.7%) patients with hypercalcaemia or high PTH level completed 24-h urinary calcium. All had UCCR ≤0.02. Twelve patients had UCCR <0.01. Seven of 44 (16%) had low 25 hydroxy vitamin D. All patients had normal estimated glomerular filtration rate. None was osteoporotic. One in three patients with DM1 was hypercalcaemic with unsuppressed PTH. Their clinical features and biochemical pictures resemble those of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) and raises the possibility that impaired activity of calcium-sensing receptors, due to abnormal splicing of the calcium-sensing receptor messenger RNA in DM1, causes a FHH-like syndrome ('pseudo-FHH of DM1').

Design and Validation of Synchronous QCT Calibration Phantom: Practical Methodology

IntroductionQuantitative computed tomography (QCT) can supplement dual x-ray absorptiometry by enabling geometric and compartmental bone assessments. Whole-body spiral CT scanners are widely available and require a short scanning time of seconds, in contrast to peripheral QCT scanners, which require several minutes of scanning time. This study designed and evaluated the accuracy and precision of a homemade QCT calibration phantom using a whole-body spiral CT scanner. Materials and MethodsThe QCT calibration phantom consisted of K2HPO4 solutions as reference. The reference material with various concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 1000, and 1200 mg/cc of K2HPO4 in water were used. For designing the phantom, we used the ABAQUS software. ResultsThe phantoms were used for performance assessment of QCT method through measurement of accuracy and precision errors, which were generally less than 5.1% for different concentrations. The correlation between CT numbers and concentration were close to one (R2 = 0.99). DiscussionBecause whole-body spiral CT scanners allow central bone densitometry, evaluating the accuracy and precision for the easy to use calibration phantom may improve the QCT bone densitometry test. ConclusionThis study provides practical directions for applying a homemade calibration phantom for bone mineral density quantification in QCT technique.

Relationship of bone density with serum parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients; a single center study

Introduction: The existence of a relationship between the level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone density can be a warning sign in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: In the studies conducted so far, the relationship between these two factors has not been specifically investigated. Hence, this study was aimed to exclusively evaluate the levels of serum PTH hormone and bone density. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 85 eligible chronic hemodialysis patients aged over 18 years old, who had underwent hemodialysis a minimum of two times a week for at least six months were enrolled in the study. Serum intact PTH, 25 OH-vitamin D3, CBC-calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and VBG were measured. Additionally, lumbar radiographic profile and densitometry tests were conducted for patients. Results: The mean age of patients was 52.9 years (20 to 86 years old). Of them, 43 patients were male (50.6%). There was a significant correlation between age and the decrease in bone density (p =0.004). There was a significant relationship between different groups of bone density and serum vitamin D3 level (P < 0.05). Based on the results of Z standard, a significant difference between the mean levels of intact PTH in different groups of bone density was seen (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients is high. In addition, the decrease in bone density is associated with high levels of parathyroid hormone. While, this association is mainly associated with Z score, it is necessary to investigate the secondary causes of this condition.

The relation between bone demineralization, physical activity and anthropometric standards

This paper aimed to verify the correlation between bone mineral density and the level of physical activity, as well as the food intake and the anthropometric parameters. It intended to analyse the bone mineral density (BMD) of menopausal women through the bone densitometry test (DO) in the lumbar region (L1 to L4), femoral neck and total femur, and also use Bouchard’s self-recall of daily activities; employing the food record from Buker and Stuart to dose and quantify the daily intake of calcium and vitamin D. The data were analysed via Kolmogorov-Smirnov’s test, and default value of α = 0.05 was set to compare the BMD averages. It was observed that one hundred percent of the assessed individuals had a BMD level below the average fixed by WHO: 14.4% with osteopenia and 85.6% with osteoporosis; a lower BMD in the femoral area (0.721g) and the biggest loss among the sedentary ones (0.698g). It was noticed that there was a correlation between the physical activities and the BMD only when associated with anthropometric standards and the daily ingestion of vitamin D.

Abstract P5-11-05: Examining bone degeneration as a side effect of treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients

Abstract Background: Although it is widely known that adjuvant treatments cause osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, the effect of treatment and the exact degree of bone loss in premenopausal women is not well understood. For this reason, this study examined the relationship between the changes of bone mineral density(BMD) and the types of treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Method: This retrospective study looks at preoperative and annual spine bone densitometry tests conducted on breast cancer patients during their observational period following initial treatment for their diagnosis. 461 premenopausal patients who received treatment from January 2006 to April 2007 were the study cohort because of the availability of bone mineral density (BMD) data (L-spine and femur T scores) for a two-year period. The data from the patients were separated into groups according to their treatment plans: observation, adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy followed by use of Tamoxifen, and GnRHa(Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonist) followed by Tamoxifen. Results: Of the 461 patients, 21 received no treatment aside from surgery, 75 received only Tamoxifen, 34 only chemotherapy, 166 chemotherapy and Tamoxifen, and 165 Zoladex and Tamoxifen. The no treatment group demonstrates the standard annual change in BMD. At first year, the chemotherapy only group and tamoxifen after chemotherapy group showed significant bone loss in the first year (p&amp;lt;0.005, both). The patients who received tamoxifen alone or tamoxifen with goserelin showed decrease BMD but not significant. After 2 years, tamoxifen with goserelin group showed significant decreased BMD in both spine and femur (p&amp;lt;0.001, p=0.001, both). Chemotherapy group showed partial recovery from the first year bone loss. Conclusion: The patients who received chemotherapy or GnRHa as treatment showed the greatest degree of bone degeneration but at different periods. However, Tamoxifen used along with these treatments seemed to lessen the extent of bone degeneration. Significant bone loss from hormone treatment occurred two years after surgery as compared to one year for chemotherapy. Citation Format: Kim M, Kim HJ. Examining bone degeneration as a side effect of treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-05.

Bone Repair with Differentiated Osteoblasts from Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate In vivo.

Background:Recently, tissue engineering has developed approaches for repair and restoration of damaged skeletal system based on different scaffolds and cells. This study evaluated the ability of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded into hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) to repair bone.Methods:In this study, ADSCs of 6 canines were seeded in HA-TCP and differentiated into osteoblasts in osteogenic medium in vitro and bone markers evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for detection of cells in the pores of scaffold. HA-TCP with differentiated cells as the test group and without cells as the cell-free group were implanted in separate defected sites of canine's tibia. After 8 weeks, specimens were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical methods, and densitometry test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18 version software.Results:The expression of Type I collagen and osteocalcin genes in differentiated cells were indicated by RT-PCR. SEM results revealed the adhesion of cells in scaffold pores. Formation of trabecular bone confirmed by histological sections that revealed the thickness of bone trabecular was more in the test group. Production of osteopontin in extracellular matrix was indicated in both groups. Densitometry method indicated that strength in the test group was similar to cell-free group and natural bone (P > 0.05).Conclusions:This research suggests that ADSCs-derived osteoblasts in HA-TCP could be used for bone tissue engineering and repairing.

Relation of otosclerosis and osteoporosis: A bone mineral density study.

Otosclerosis and osteoporosis are metabolic bone diseases. In this paper, we investigated presence of osteoporosis with bone mineral density test in patients who had surgery for otosclerosis. We included 27 patients who had conductive hearing loss and diagnosed with otosclerosis during an exploratory tympanotomy, and 30 healthy controls into this study. Bone mineral densitometry test was used for analysis of osteoporosis. T-scores of the patients and the controls obtained from L1-L4 vertebrae and femur neck were compared. In addition, the relations of duration of the disease, air and bone conduction thresholds, and air-bone gap in the operated ear with 25(OH)D3 levels, T-scores obtained from L1-L4 vertebrae and femur neck were investigated in the otosclerosis group. T-score obtained from L1-L4 region was -1.14±1.05 in the otosclerosis group, and was -0.56±1.10 in the control group; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.045). The T-scores obtained from the femur neck were -0.59±0.82 and 0.03±0.74 in the otosclerosis and the control groups respectively, with a statistically significant difference in between (p=0.004). As the air and bone conduction thresholds and the air-bone gaps of the patients with otosclerosis increased, 25(OH)D3 levels and T-scores decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant. The relation between otosclerosis and osteoporosis was shown with bone mineral density test in our study. T-scores of the otosclerosis patients were found smaller than the normal population.