Dengue Prevention Research Articles

The health beliefs, dengue knowledge andcontrol behaviors among internally displaced persons versus local residents in Kachin Special Region II, Myanmar.

Dengue fever (DF) is one of main public health problems along the China-Myanmar border, however, data about DF is still lacking in Kachin Special Region II (KSR2), Myanmar. To understand health beliefs in general, and knowledge and treatment-seeking and prevention behaviors related to DF among the neglected population, the study was carried out by using a combination of quantitative household questionnaire surveys (HHSs) and qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews (SDIs). The HHS questionnaire was administered to a total of 258 household heads. The 215 (83.3%) HHS respondents believed in Christianity and Catholicism. However, the 141 (54.7%,) of the total respondents thought that people with evil practices might be punished by diseases. More respondents believed that too rainy weather and water were more related to disease in the internally displaced person (IDP) camp than the local community (P<0.01). Most of the HHS respondents had sound knowledge of dengue symptoms, causes, vectors, transmission and prevention. The 257 (99.6%) HHS respondents reported that their families went to the public health facilities first to seek treatment. The 210 (84.1%) respondents reported that they turned containers upside down within five days. The key informants (n = 18) identified that the appropriate knowledge and behaviors were attributable to formal school education and specific health education campaign during the outbreak response in 2017, and that Kachin people enjoy conversing with each other, neighbors talked about the dengue information they received. The study results indicated that Kachin people have a good knowledge and behaviors of dengue control. The actual situation of dengue is still not clear due to lacking data of laboratory test. In the context of resources shortage, more international assistance is still needed to promote local dengue control and prevention efforts.

Knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue prevention and dengue seroprevalence in a dengue hotspot in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

Dengue has become a global public health problem. Despite reactive efforts by the government in Malaysia, the dengue cases are on the increase. Adequate knowledge, positive attitude and correct practice for dengue control are essential to stamp out the disease. Hence, this study aims to assess the factors associated with dengue knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), as well as the association with dengue IgM and IgG seropositivity. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a closed, dengue endemic area with multi-storey dwellings . Five hundred individuals (aged 18 years and above) were approached for pre-tested KAP and seroprevalences assessment. The study showed only half of the total participants have good knowledge (50.7%) but they had insufficient knowledge about dengue during pregnancy. 53.2% of people had poor attitude and 50.2% reported poor practice for dengue control. Out of 85 respondents who agreed to participate in the dengue seroprevalence study, 74.1% (n = 63) were positive for dengue IgG and 7.1% (n = 6) were positive for dengue IgM. Among all sociodemographic variable, race is the only independent predicator for all KAP levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, proactive and sustainable efforts are needed to bring a behavioural change among communities in order to fight dengue outbreaks in endemic areas.

Survey of Dengue Knowledge and Prevention Practices Associated with Sociodemographic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study Among the Community Living in an Urban Area of Selangor, Malaysia.

The present study aimed to explore the current status of knowledge and practices of dengue prevention associated with sociodemographic status among the community living in an urban area of Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 441 participants were interviewed regarding sociodemographic status, knowledge of dengue, and self-reported prevention practices. Participants over 40 years old were more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 4.210, 95% CI = 1.652-10.733, P = 0.003) to have better dengue knowledge. Participants whose average monthly household income was more than MYR3,000 (US$715) were more likely (OR = 1.607, 95% CI = 1.059-2.438, P = 0.026) to have better practices of dengue prevention measures. The finding suggests that both government and community efforts are essential in order to continue to educate about dengue and reduce the frequency of dengue cases nationwide.

Epidemiological analysis of the Kaohsiung city strategy for dengue fever quarantine and epidemic prevention

BackgroundDengue is endemic in over 100 countries and is an important public health problem worldwide. Dengue fever is not endemic in Taiwan; the importation of dengue viruses from neighboring countries via close commercial links and air travel is considered to be the cause of local outbreaks. Therefore, efforts toward disease control have focused on preventing the importation of dengue into Taiwan. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the numbers of imported and indigenous dengue cases to test the validity of this strategy.MethodsData on cases of dengue fever that occurred between 2013 and 2018 were obtained from the surveillance systems of the Taiwan Center for Disease Control and Kaohsiung City Health Department. Standard epidemiological data, including the monthly numbers of indigenous and imported cases of dengue, were calculated. Potential associations between the numbers of indigenous and imported cases were investigated using correlation analyses.ResultsWe identified a possible relationship between the period of disease concealment and the number of imported dengue cases, which resulted in epidemics of indigenous dengue fever within local communities. Further analysis of confirmed cases during previous epidemics in Kaohsiung City found that the risk of indigenous dengue fever may be related to the likelihood that patients with imported dengue fever will stay within local communities.ConclusionGiven the correlations found between imported and indigenous cases of dengue fever, as well as the relationship between the disease concealment period and the risk of indigenous dengue fever, prevention of disease importation and efficient identification of dengue cases within high-risk communities remain the major priorities for disease control.

Incidence and epidemiological features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia.

In South East Asia, dengue epidemics have increased in size and geographical distribution in recent years. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of reported dengue cases in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, in Malaysian Borneo–an area where sylvatic and urban circulation of pathogens are known to intersect. Using a public health data set of routinely notified dengue cases in Sabah between 2010 and 2016, we described demographic and entomological risk factors, both before and after a 2014 change in the clinical case definition for the disease. Annual dengue incidence rates were spatially variable over the 7-year study period from 2010–2016 (state-wide mean annual incidence of 21 cases/100,000 people; range 5-42/100,000), but were highest in rural localities in the western districts of the state (Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Tenom and Kota Marudu). Eastern districts exhibited lower overall dengue rates, although a high proportion of severe (haemorrhagic) dengue cases (44%) were focused in Sandakan and Tawau. Dengue incidence was highest for those aged between 10 and 29 years (24/100,000), and was slightly higher for males compared to females. Available vector surveillance data indicated that during large outbreaks in 2015 and 2016 the mosquito Aedes albopictus was more prevalent in both urban and rural households (House Index of 64%) than Ae. aegypti (15%). Demographic patterns remained unchanged both before and after the dengue case definition was changed; however, in the years following the change, reported case numbers increased substantially. Overall, these findings suggest that dengue outbreaks in Sabah are increasing in both urban and rural settings. Future studies to better understand the drivers of risk in specific age groups, genders and geographic locations, and to test the potential role of Ae. albopictus in transmission, may help target dengue prevention and control efforts.

The prevention and augmentation of tetravalent recombinant measles-vectored dengue vaccine in dengue-2 infected AG129 mice

Abstract Dengue is an emerging mosquito-borne disease and the use of prophylactic vaccine is still limited. We have previously developed the tetravalent dengue vaccine (rMV-TDV) by a recombinant measles virus (MV) vector expressing envelope protein domain III (ED3). In this study, we used AG129 mice to evaluate the protective and/or pathogenic immune responses induced by rMV-TDV. Immunization of rMV-TDV has induced a significant neutralizing antibody response against all serotypes of DENV, as well as a significant CD4-dependent IFN-γ response biased to DENV-3, compared to the vector controls. After DENV-2 challenge, rMV-TDV-immunized mice showed a significant lower viremia and no increase of inflammatory cytokines comparing to the vector controls, which had a ~100 times higher viremia and a significant increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α 3 days after challenge. A robust DENV-2 specific IFN-γ response detected in rMV-TDV-immunized mice suggested that pre-existing DENV-3 biased T-cell responses didn’t cross-react to DENV-2 but an anamnestic DENV-2 specific T-cell response was recalled. Prior to the challenge, only DENV-3 specific IgG demonstrated a significant higher avidity than other serotypes, whose specific IgG avidity increased after DENV-2 challenge, particular in DENV-1 and -2. However, the passive transfer of rMV-TDV immunized sera plus splenocytes resulted in the higher viremia and the significant increase of inflammatory cytokines in AG129 recipient mice after DENV-2 challenge than the vector control donors did. It suggested that while the immunity by rMV-TDV waned, the potential risks for the severe disease increased. Our data shed the lights on the role of a balanced CD4 T-cell response in the prevention of severe dengue.

Managing Dengue Disaster: Uncovering Paramount Community Elements for DNA Sensory Tool Accessibility in Malaysia

In this study, communities’ psychosocial judgements (relationship, awareness, responsibility, and attitude) were evaluated in relation to DNA-based dengue kit accessibility. It was carried out by handing out 100 structured questionnaires (Kajang Housing (KjH): 40, Kajang Industrial (KjI): 40, Kuala Selangor (KuS): 20). From our descriptive analyses, KuS respondents exhibited a closer relationship with their neighbours (100%) compared to other respondents. KjH, KjI and KuS respondents know very little about dengue vector species. While KjH is leading the other two study areas, KjI and KuS in terms of knowing all symptoms associated with dengue fever (DF), KuS shows more interest to participate in dengue campaigns and/or prevention and control programs compared to KjH and KjI. Not more than 25% of total respondents are willing to offer transportation or nurturing their neighbours back to health. While KjI is more confident to use DNA biosensor when outside of their community, not more than 35% of total respondents are confident enough to use it within their neighbourhood. All communities, especially the affected ones, should take a proactive step by making use of DNA biosensor as an early warning tool, in conjunction with good psychosocial behaviours towards dengue, to achieve sustainable health promotion in managing dengue disaster.

Effect of Video Assisted Teaching on Prevention and Management of Dengue among Mothers in a Selected Rural Community, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Dengue is one of the most common mosquito borne diseases in India and it is most prevalent condition in thecommunity. The number of cases of dengue goes up high during monsoon season as the mosquito breed instagnant water and in warm and humid weather. The study topic was “Effects of video assisted teaching onprevention and management of dengue among mothers in selected rural community, Kanchipuram District,Tamil Nadu, India”. The objectives of the study were to assess the pre and post-test knowledge of mothersregarding prevention and management of dengue, to assess the effectiveness on video assisted teachingamong the mothers in the rural community and to find out the association between pre-test knowledgescores regarding prevention and management of dengue with selected demographic variable. Quantitativeresearch approach was used for this study. Quasi-experimental, one group pre-test post-test design wasused for this study. The sample consists of 194 mothers. Self structure questionnaire was used to assessthe effect on video assisted teaching on prevention and management of dengue. The data collection periodwas one week. The data was collected in 194 mothers in the age group between 20 to 60 years in pooncherirural community. The samples are selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data wasanalyzed and tabulated. The results shows pre-test knowledge scores on prevention and management ondengue was 51% (98) had moderate knowledge, 43% (84) had inadequate, 6%(12) had adequate knowledge.Post-test knowledge scores after video assisted teaching on prevention and management on dengue was9%(18) had moderate knowledge and 91% (176) had adequate knowledge. Study shows that there wassignificant association between pre-test and post-test knowledge of mothers with T Value of 25.76 whichwas statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 level. The post-test knowledge score was greater than the pre-testknowledge score (pre-test-13.70 &lt; post-test-21.57).

Knowledge towards Prevention and Management of Dengue: A Cross-sectional Study among Dental, Medical and Pharmacy Students in a Private University, Malaysia

Aim: The aim and objectives of the study were: 1) To assess the knowledge regarding dengue viral infection among undergraduate healthcare professional (HCP) students. 2) To investigate the association of socio-demographic factors towards dengue knowledge among the study participants. 3) To compare the dengue knowledge among the three HCP (Dental, Medical and Pharmacy) students.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross sectional study design was used in the study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in AIMST University campus, Kedah state, Malaysia between January, 2017 and June, 2017.&#x0D; Methods: The study was conducted among HCP students using pre-validated questionnaire with knowledge as a single dependent variable. The questionnaire was distributed in class room setting after obtaining informed consent forms signed by participants. The summary statistics for categorical variables was used with chi-square test to see if there was any association between the variables. Inferential statistics was done using Spearmans correlation.&#x0D; Results: Among the 636 participants, an overall good knowledge (≈90%) was observed regarding the cause, breeding sites and common clinical symptoms of dengue fever. However, poor knowledge was observed regarding the time of dengue mosquitoes bite (51%, P = .58) and transmission through blood transfusion (59%, P &lt;.001). Very poor knowledge was observed regarding transmission through person to person contact (25%, P &lt;.001). The median knowledge score was 12(3) ranging from 0 to 15. There was a statistically significant differences (P &lt; .001) in response to 14/15 knowledge based items. Further, a statistically significant association between dengue knowledge score was observed among field of study (P &lt; .05) and year of study (P &lt; .006) variables. The Spearman's correlation test showed a weak positive correlation [rs(2) = 8.6, P &lt; .01] and [rs(10) = 108, P &lt; .001] between year of study and age categories for dengue knowledge scores.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, the HCP students in AIMST University showed good knowledge score towards dengue however, educational intervention programmes can further enrich their knowledge in the prevention, treatment and management of this deadly disease.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever - A systemic literature review of current perspectives on pathogenesis, prevention and control.

Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever (DF) to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We conducted a literature review to analyze the risks of DHF and current perspectives for DHF prevention and control. According to the PRISMA guidelines, the references were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database using search strings containing a combination of terms that included dengue hemorrhagic fever, pathogenesis, prevention and control. Quality of references were evaluated by independent reviewers. DHF was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and further transmitted to the countries in the region of South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Plasma leakages is the main pathophysiological hallmark that distinguishes DHF from DF. Severe plasma leakage can result in hypovolemic shock. Various factors are thought to impact disease presentation and severity. Virus virulence, preexisting dengue antibodies, immune dysregulation, lipid change and host genetic susceptibility are factors reported to be correlated with the development of DHF. However, the exact reasons and mechanisms that triggers DHF remains controversial. Currently, no specific drugs and licensed vaccines are available to treat dengue disease in any of its clinical presentations. This study concludes that antibody-dependent enhancement, cytokine dysregulation and variation of lipid profiles are correlated with DHF occurrence. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, active and continuous surveillance of cases and vectors are the essential determinants for dengue prevention and control.

CYD Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Performance by Baseline Immune Profile (Monotypic/Multitypic) in Dengue-Seropositive Individuals.

BackgroundThe immune profile of dengue-experienced individuals is a determinant of dengue reinfection severity risk. Individuals with a single prior dengue infection (monotypic) are at highest risk for severe disease, while individuals with ≥ 2 prior dengue infections (multitypic) are at lower risk. The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) has shown efficacy in the prevention of dengue in individuals with prior dengue infection. We estimated efficacy in individuals with monotypic or multitypic immune profiles.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the immunogenicity subsets of 2 randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (CYD14, NCT01373281; CYD15, NCT01374516) were classified as either monotypic or multitypic, based on measured baseline dengue plaque reduction neutralization test. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) was assessed over 25 months and against VCD hospitalization over 6 years.ResultsOf 3927 participants in the immunogenicity subsets, 496 and 257 in the CYD-TDV and placebo groups, respectively, were classified as monotypic immune, and 1227 and 612, respectively, as multitypic immune. VE against symptomatic VCD was 77.4% (95% CI, 56.4%–88.2%) for monotypic and 89.2% (95% CI, 71.5%–95.9%) for multitypic profiles, with corresponding absolute risk reductions (ARRs) of 4.48% (95% CI, 2.32%–6.65%) for monotypics and 1.67% (95% CI, .89%–2.46%) for multitypics. VE against hospitalized VCD was 75.3% (95% CI, 42.7%–90.2%) in monotypics and 81.2% (95% CI, 21.7%–96.8%) in multitypics, with ARRs of 0.95% (95% CI, .37%–1.53%) for monotypics and 0.18% (95% CI, .02%–.34%) for multitypics.ConclusionsCYD-TDV benefits individuals with monotypic and multitypic immune profiles. Larger public health benefit is expected to derive from the protection of individuals with a monotypic immune profile.

Cost-effectiveness of community mobilization (Camino Verde) for dengue prevention in Nicaragua and Mexico: A cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWe assessed the cost-effectiveness of Camino Verde, a community-based mobilization strategy to prevent and control dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases. A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Managua, Nicaragua, and in three coastal regions in Guerrero, Mexico (75 intervention and 75 control clusters), Camino Verde used non-governmental community health workers, called brigadistas, to support community mobilization. This donor-funded trial demonstrated reductions of 29.5% (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.8%–55.3%) on dengue infections and 24.7% (CI: 1.8%–51.2%) on self-reported cases. MethodsWe estimated program costs through a micro-costing approach and semi-structured questionnaires. We show results as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for costs per disability-adjusted life-year (DALYs) averted and conducted probabilistic sensitivity analyses. FindingsThe Camino Verde trial spent US$16.72 in Mexico and $7.47 in Nicaragua per person annually. We found an average of 910 (CI: 487–1 353) and 500 (CI: 250–760) dengue cases averted annually per million population in Mexico and Nicaragua, respectively, compared to control communities. The ICER in Mexico was US$29 618 (CI: 13 869–66 898) per DALY averted, or 3.0 times per capita GDP. For Nicaragua, the ICER was US$29 196 (CI: 14294–72181) per DALY averted, or 16.9 times per capita GDP. InterpretationCamino Verde, as implemented in the research context, was marginally cost-effective in Mexico, and not cost-effective in Nicaragua, from a healthcare sector perspective. Nicaragua’s low per capita GDP and the use of grant-funded management personnel weakened the cost-effectiveness results. Achieving efficiencies by incorporating Camino Verde activities into existing public health programs would make Camino Verde cost-effective.

Knowledge of dengue disease amongst paramedical students of independent school of paramedics Faisalabad.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge of dengue disease cause, symptoms, prevention and management in Paramedical students of Independent School of Paramedics. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study Setting: Independent School of Paramedics Faisalabad. Period: From February till May 2018. Material &amp; Methods: There were total of 140 paramedical students and all 140 paramedical students of Independent School of Paramedics were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through self-administered structured questionnaire after taking informed consent from all the participants. Questionnaire was adapted from already published studies. Knowledge of dengue was categorized as adequate (&gt;80%), moderate (60-80%) and inadequate (&lt;60%) depending upon the correct response for a particular question by study participants. Results: Knowledge on the transmission, symptoms of dengue and methods to prevent dengue was found to be adequate that is, 130 (92.9%), 113 (80.7%) and 122 (87.1%) respectively. Knowledge on cause of dengue 16 (11.4%), species of mosquito involved in transmission 30 (21.4%), likely time for mosquito to bite 32 (22.9%), dengue is preventable 77 (55%), and where to refer a dengue patient 77 (55%) was found to be inadequate. Moderate knowledge was found for route of transmission of dengue 109 (77.9%), natural habitat of mosquito 105 (75%) and medication for dengue 90 (64.3%). Conclusion: Overall knowledge on dengue symptoms and dengue prevention was found to be better than knowledge on cause of dengue and dengue management. This necessitates the comprehensive dengue educational program especially for dengue cause and dengue management for the paramedics.

Dengue Innovation: A Sustainability Approach for Preventing and Controlling of Dengue Diseases Outbreaks via IoT Technology

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is surging and becomes worldwide serious issues. Currently, due to lack of specific treatment or vaccine against dengue, many forms of vector control remains a key strategy for dengue fever prevention. In response to the issue, this paper introduces an AedesTech Mosquitoes Home System (AMHS) that is equipped with a special trade secret formulation or also called as Insecticide Growth Regulator (IGR) and combines with Internet of Things (IoT) technology for vector control. An IGR is a pheromone-like liquid formulation that is a chemical that serves to stimulate and have sexually attract the male and female that will attract and lure adult female mosquitoes to lay eggs in them, and the adult mosquitoes will soon die after lying eggs. Those eggs that already laid with the chemical will not hatch or die at an expected of 99% rate, or go beyond the pulp level. Our sustainable approach offers for two (2) novel features. First, to monitor the collection of Aedes eggs in our MHS, we develop a mobile apps called AedesTech Apps (ATA) for Aedes eggs auto-counting and data collection are stored in cloud based server. Second, to monitor the level of liquid formulation (IGR) in AMHS, we utilize an Arduino water based sensor to real time track the IGR level status and we called as Intelligent Mosquito Home System (iMHS). Our iMHS will automatically alert the user when refill is needed. Both technologies are related to IR 4.0 that could be a new approach for preventing and monitoring of dengue outbreaks. This sustainability approach are environmental friendly and cost saving that provide the solution to the world’s global issue of dengue. The results by our ATA tool indicate a satisfactory figure with only 0.01 to 0.04 percent of error rate compared to existing ICount and EggCounter tools. Meanwhile in our iMHS with water based sensor, testing results reveal that the battery lifetime solely depends upon the setting of interval time of sending data to cloud server. Results show for a half an hour interval, battery could last for a half of a month whereas for an hour interval time set, it could last for a month.

Estimating the Threshold Effects of Climate on Dengue: A Case Study of Taiwan.

Climate change is regarded as one of the major factors enhancing the transmission intensity of dengue fever. In this study, we estimated the threshold effects of temperature on Aedes mosquito larval index as an early warning tool for dengue prevention. We also investigated the relationship between dengue vector index and dengue epidemics in Taiwan using weekly panel data for 17 counties from January 2012 to May 2019. To achieve our goals, we first applied the panel threshold regression technique to test for threshold effects and determine critical temperature values. Data were then further decomposed into different sets corresponding to different temperature regimes. Finally, negative binomial regression models were applied to assess the non-linear relationship between meteorological factors and Breteau index (BI). At the national level, we found that a 1°C temperature increase caused the expected value of BI to increase by 0.09 units when the temperature is less than 27.21 °C, and by 0.26 units when the temperature is greater than 27.21 °C. At the regional level, the dengue vector index was more sensitive to temperature changes because double threshold effects were found in the southern Taiwan model. For southern Taiwan, as the temperature increased by 1°C, the expected value of BI increased by 0.29, 0.63, and 1.49 units when the average temperature was less than 27.27 °C, between 27.27 and 30.17 °C, and higher than 30.17 °C, respectively. In addition, the effects of precipitation and relative humidity on BI became stronger when the average temperature exceeded the thresholds. Regarding the impacts of climate change on BI, our results showed that the potential effects on BI range from 3.5 to 54.42% under alternative temperature scenarios. By combining threshold regression techniques with count data regression models, this study provides evidence of threshold effects between climate factors and the dengue vector index. The proposed threshold of temperature could be incorporated into the implementation of public health measures and risk prediction to prevent and control dengue fever in the future.

Wolbachia-based biocontrol for dengue reduction using dynamic optimization approach

Aedes aegypti females mosquitoes are the principal transmitters of dengue and other arboviral infections. In recent years, it was disclosed that, when deliberately infected with Wolbachia symbiont, this mosquito species loses its vectorial competence and becomes less capable of transmitting the virus to human hosts. Thanks to this important discovery, Wolbachia-based biocontrol is now accepted as an ecologically friendly and potentially cost-effective method for prevention and control of dengue and other arboviral infections. In this paper, we propose a dengue transmission model that accounts for the presence of wild Aedes aegypti females and those deliberately infected with wMelPop Wolbachia strain, which is regarded as the best blocker of dengue and other arboviral infections. However, wMelPop strain of Wolbachia considerably reduces the individual fitness of mosquitoes, what makes rather challenging to achieve the gradual extrusion of wild mosquitoes and ensure their posterior replacement by Wolbachia-carriers. Nonetheless, this obstacle have been overcome by employing the optimal control approach for design of specific intervention programs based on daily releases of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes. The resulting optimal release programs ensure the population replacement and eventual local extinction of wild mosquitoes in the finite time and also entail a significant reduction in the number of expected dengue infections among human hosts under the long-term settings.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Dengue among Kuantan Medical Campus Students of International Islamic University of Malaysia

Background: Dengue has become an important public health problem in the world. It is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquito. The understanding the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the general community on dengue prevention are helpful to give information for good strategic planning and engaged the community with dengue control. The knowledge on preventive measures in dengue is important to decrease the mortality rate, but the implementation of knowledge among individuals to reduce dengue is still an issue.&#x0D; Study Objectives: This study aims to examine the KAP regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students. Besides that, this study also aims to find the factors associated with KAP of dengue and to assess the relationship between KAPs regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students.&#x0D; Methods: This study used cross-sectional study, and 135 respondents were selected by using convenience sampling method. The questionnaire consists of 67 questions which were divided into four parts (socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge regarding dengue, the attitude of dengue and practice on prevention of dengue). In this study, to evaluate the KAP of dengue among students in IIUM Kuantan. Independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson test were used to find all related factors influencing KAP of dengue.&#x0D; Results: This study shows that the level of KAP of dengue among students in IIUM Kuantan was relatively high. All the respondents have very good level of KAP towards dengue prevention, symptoms and transmission. There was a significant difference in attitude among marital statuses (p=0.004). The students from FOM had better knowledge (p=&lt;0.001) as compared to FOD and better attitude scores than KOP (p=0.001). This study also depicted that dengue knowledge-attitude towards dengue prevention was significantly correlated (p=0.005).&#x0D; Conclusion: the KAP regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students was good.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.245-253

Does Bangkok have a central role in the dengue dynamics of Thailand?

BackgroundBangkok plays a central role in the commerce of Thailand. This study aimed to characterize the district-level spatial-temporal patterns of dengue in Thailand and explore if a dengue peak in Bangkok led the peaks of dengue in other Thai provinces.MethodsMonthly dengue data at district level in Thailand from January 2004 to December 2017 were obtained and used to assess the spatial and seasonal patterns of dengue in Thailand. As our seasonal decomposition and cross-correlation analyses showed that dengue in Bangkok peaked in November, which was a few months after the dengue peak in most other provinces, we used a time-series generalized linear model to explore if there was another province in which the dengue case number was most predictive of dengue case numbers in other Thai provinces.ResultsThe highest district-level annual dengue incidence rates (per 10,000) in the three time periods (i.e. 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2017) were 58.08 (Samphanthawong), 85.93 (Mueang Krabi), and 66.60 (Mae Sariang), respectively. Dengue incidence rates in the western part of Northern Thailand, southern part of Central Thailand, southern part of Eastern Thailand, and Southern Thailand were higher than in other regions. Dengue in most districts of Thailand peaked in June, July or August, but dengue peaks in all districts of Bangkok occurred in November. The number of dengue cases in Nakhon Ratchasima was most predictive of the number of dengue cases in other provinces in Thailand by a one-month lag.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the dengue peak in Bangkok did not lead the peaks of dengue in other Thai provinces. Future research exploring how changes in socio-ecological factors (e.g. road network and climate factors) in Nakhon Ratchasima have affected the transmission of dengue in Thailand might shed some new light on the prevention and control of dengue.

Revenue, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation Regarding the Dengue Fever Prevention Program in Medan, Indonesia

The best program to control the spread of dengue infection is a dengue prevention program. Indonesia has a dengue prevention program known as 3M Plus. Medan City is one of the endemic areas of dengue fever in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the income, knowledge, attitude and implementation of the dengue prevention program in Medan. Information on sociodemography, knowledge, attitudes, and implementation of dengue prevention was collected using a semistructured questionnaire that had been tested previously. This cross-sectional survey was conducted with face-to-face interviews with 100 randomly selected heads of households. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test. The results showed that overall participants had low family income, poor dengue knowledge, moderate attitude and moderate prevention implementation. There was a significant positive relationship between family income and implementation of dengue prevention (p = 0.001), knowledge and implementation of dengue prevention (p = 0.012), and attitudes and implementation of dengue prevention (p &lt;0.001). In conclusion, dengue prevention programs require increased knowledge, attitudes and implementation of dengue prevention. Households with an income below the city minimum wage must be the main target of the dengue prevention campaign. Knowledge-based campaigns and arousing positive attitudes will increase the application of dengue prevention.

Barriers and negative behaviors that prevail in the prevention and control of dengue in Cartagena, Colombia

To investigate the negative risk barriers for the prevention and control of dengue that prevail in the population and in the institutional and sectoral responsible of the city of Cartagena. A qualitative, narrative-ethnographic design approach supported by the COMBI methodology was used. The population was 90 people residing in the three localities belonging to the District of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) and registered in the Administrative Department of District Health (hereinafter DADIS), specifically in the National System of Public Health Surveillance (Sivigilia), with high incidences or probabilities of suspected cases of dengue fever and cases of dengue. People reside in houses made of cardboard, wood, zinc, block, cement, eternity shelters. Although they are aware of the problem of dengue, they relate it to other diseases such as the cold and the flu. They give more importance to other social problems, such as violence and insecurity in the area. The educational and preventive messages in the press, radio and television made by DADIS and other dengue control entities do not cover all the measures that must be implemented for the prevention and control of the disease. The transmission of dengue can be related to socio-economic factors such as: little knowledge the com-munity has about the health consequences that Dengue transmission can cause; the attitude and practices indifferent to this pathology, as well as the insufficient educational and preventive communication carried out by DADIS through communication channels and social networks, among others.