Prevalence Of Dengue Fever Research Articles

Dengue Fever and Severe Dengue in Barbados, 2008-2016.

Analysis of the temporal, seasonal and demographic distribution of dengue virus (DENV) infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data from a total of 3994 confirmed dengue cases. Diagnosis was confirmed either by DENV–specific real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT–PCR), or non–structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests; a case fatality rate of 0.4% (10/3994) was observed. The dengue fever (DF) prevalence varied from 27.5 to 453.9 cases per 100,000 population among febrile patients who sought medical attention annually. DF cases occurred throughout the year with low level of transmission observed during the dry season (December to June), then increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) peaking in October. Three major dengue epidemics occurred in Barbados during 2010, 2013 and possibly 2016 with an emerging three–year interval. DF prevalence among febrile patients who sought medical attention overall was highest among the 10–19 years old age group. The highest DF hospitalisation prevalence was observed in 2013. Multiple serotypes circulated during the study period and Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV–2) was the most prevalent serotype during 2010, whilst DENV–1 was the most prevalent serotype in 2013. Two DENV–1 strains from the 2013 DENV epidemic were genetically more closely related to South East Asian strains, than Caribbean or South American strains, and represent the first ever sequencing of DENV strains in Barbados. However, the small sample size (n = 2) limits any meaningful conclusions. DF prevalence was not significantly different between females and males. Public health planning should consider DENV inter–epidemic periodicity, the current COVID–19 pandemic and similar clinical symptomology between DF and COVID–19. The implementation of routine sequencing of DENV strains to obtain critical data can aid in battling DENV epidemics in Barbados.

Prevalence of dengue fever in Western Uttar Pradesh, India: A gender-based study

Objective:Gender-based serologic differences for nonstructural protein 1(NS1) antigen (Ag) and IgM antibody (Ab) detection have been reported among cases of dengue in few studies. However, to understand its distribution with patient's gender and their demographic profile, this study is designed to fill the gaps in the available gender based data, and is the first from this region.Materials and Methods:A total of 4252 blood samples were collected aseptically during the outbreaks of 2016–17. Serum was separated and processed for dengue ELISA (NS1Ag and IgM Ab). All the relevant clinical data and variables such as gender and their demographic profile were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 978 (23%) patients were found seropositive either by NS1 Ag or IgM Ab ELISA. The proportion of male was higher than female among all seropositive cases, with the ratio of (M:F) 1.54:1 (P < 0.0001). The males were predominately more affected compared to females among rural (P = 0.001) and semi-urban (P = 0.016) areas. The positive NS1 (P = 0.004) and IgM (P = 0.0001) both results were significantly associated with male gender.Conclusion:Every case of dengue must be screened for NS1Ag and IgMAb to increase the diagnostic precision, despite the males being more affected as compared to females due to sociocultural differences.

Gender and Prevalence of Dengue Fever.

Gender and Prevalence of Dengue Fever.

Sero-epidemiological study on Dengue fever virus in humans and camels at Upper Egypt.

Background and Aim:Dengue fever (DF) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis affecting over 100 countries worldwide and putting about 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The disease has re-emerged in Egypt since 2011; however, there is a paucity of recent epidemiological data available. Therefore, in this study, we employed a cross-sectional study to determine DF prevalence in humans and camels in Asyut and Sohag Governorates, Egypt, during 2019.Materials and Methods:A total of 91 humans and a similar number of dromedary camels were utilized in this study. Sera were obtained and analyzed for the presence of specific antibodies against DF virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Related epidemiological data affecting the disease spread in humans and camels were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results:The seroprevalence of DF in humans and camels was 12.09% and 3.3%, respectively. The disease varied significantly by the species examined as humans were found to be at a higher risk of acquiring the infection compared to camels. Nearly equal odds of exposure (odds ratio [OR]) were seen in the individuals with close contact with camels compared to those without; however, individuals exposed to mosquitoes were at approximately 3 times higher risk of infection (OR=2.95 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-11.93]) compared to individuals who were not exposed to mosquitoes (OR=0.033 [95% CI, 0.084-1.37]). Interestingly, DF seropositivity in camels was significantly related to the presence or absence of symptoms within 2 weeks before sampling (p=0.02) where symptomatic animals had higher odds of exposure (OR=19.51 [95%, 0.97-392.3]) compared to asymptomatic ones (OR=0.05 [95%, 0.002-1.03]).Conclusion:The current study reports the presence of specific antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) in humans residing within Asyut and Sohag Governorates, Egypt. Furthermore, it provides the first serological evidence of DENV circulation in camels which is alarming. A more comprehensive study is needed; however, this baseline investigation underscores the urgent need for increasing awareness among people residing in the area as well as application of the appropriate mosquito control measures to avoid further spread of the disease.

Forecasting dengue epidemics using a hybrid methodology

Dengue case management is an alarmingly important global health issue. The effective allocation of resources is often difficult due to external and internal factors imposing nonlinear fluctuations in the prevalence of dengue fever. We aimed to construct an early-warning system that could accurately forecast subsequent dengue cases in three dengue endemic regions, namely San Juan, Iquitos, and the Philippines. The problem is solely regarded as a time series forecasting problem ignoring the known epidemiology of dengue fever as well as the other meteorological variables. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is a popular classical time series model for linear data structures whereas with the advent of neural networks, nonlinear structures in the data set can be handled. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid model combining ARIMA and neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model to capture both linearity and nonlinearity in the data sets. The ARIMA model filters out linear tendencies in the data and passes on the residual values to the NNAR model. The proposed hybrid approach is applied to three dengue time-series data sets and is found to give better forecasting accuracy in comparison to the state-of-the-art. The results of this study indicate that dengue cases can be accurately forecasted over a sufficient time period using the proposed hybrid methodology.

Influence of Climate Variability on the Prevalence of Dengue Fever in Mandera County, Kenya

Climate variability affects human health by influencing processes that facilitate transmission of infectious diseases. This study aimed at investigating the influence of temperature and precipitation variability on the prevalence of Dengue fever in Mandera County from 1985 to 2014. 196 randomly selected respondents drawn from households within three health facilities’ catchments were interviewed. Meteorological data was used to describe climate variability while Dengue fever was described using data obtained from health records at El Wak Sub County Hospital, Kotulo Health centre and ADRA Hospital. Results showed that temperature significantly varied (t = 7.60, DF = 29, p = 0.0001). Precipitation equally varied (t = 5.660, DF = 29, p = 0.0001). Overall temperature increase was by 0.53°C while annual precipitation amounts increased by 77.1mm. There was an insignificant correlation in Dengue fever occurrence with climate variability (r value of 0.087). The study concluded that climate variability was not significant in Dengue fever transmission in Mandera South Sub County. Keywords: arboviral disease, climate variability, dengue fever, impact, pathogen, prevalence DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-3-06 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Spatiotemporal analysis of dengue outbreaks in Samanabad town, Lahore metropolitan area, using geospatial techniques.

Dengue is endemic to Pakistan with its usual peak incidence in the post-monsoon period. In the last decade, dengue outbreaks have occurred in major urban areas particularly Karachi and Lahore, affecting large numbers of people. This study is an attempt to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of dengue fever (DF) in Samanabad town, Lahore metropolitan area. The study is based on secondary data, acquired from concerned government departments. Point level geo-coding is used to transform the relative location to the absolute location using Google Earth, and Global Position System (GPS) is used to validate the geo-coded location. Geographic information system (GIS) has been used to perform spatial analysis. It has been found that temporally DF prevalence varies from month to month and year to year. Major outbreak was observed in the year 2013 with more than 900 confirmed DF cases. Rainfall, temperature, and humidity have played a central role in outbreaks. The land cover pattern and population density further intensified the outbreak. Spatially, the number of DF incidence was high in those localities where the entire land is built-up and with little/no green space areas. Analysis reveals that DF is still a major threat to the area as socioeconomic and geographic conditions favor vector breeding and transfer of disease from one person/place to another. This study presents useful information regarding spatiotemporal patterns of dengue outbreak and may bring the attention of public health departments to formulate dengue-combating strategies. The methodology is general for spatiotemporal analysis and can be applied to other infectious diseases as well.

Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in different eco zones of Thiruvananthapuram city with special reference to dengue viremia in humans

Mosquito index study of three ecologically different ecozones of the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala showed sharp difference on the proportionate distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Human dengue viremia (HDV) was very high in those ecozones where A.aegypti density was high and HDV was low where A.albopictus was high. In a coastal zone of Thiruvananthapuram city, A. aegypti was the most abundant vector and in a hilly, arid suburban zone, A.albopictus was the abundant vector. In the urban zone both species of mosquitoes showed equal distribution. Study on the circulating serotypes in the serum of HDV by Single step single tube Multiplex PCR showed all the four serotypes viz DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 in patients of Thiruvananthapuram city, which indicated the possibility of Dengue Shock Syndrome, unless there is efficient vector management. Among the four dengue serotypes, Type 1 was the most abundant virus. Abundance of microhabitats in Thiruvananthapuram city, which support A. aegypti may be the reason for high prevalence of dengue fever in the urban zone.

Prevalensi Dengue Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya

In Indonesia, dengue fever is still common. This has caused many troubled people in Indonesia including Surabaya, East Java. Clinical signs of dengue start from mild illness to life-threatening shock syndrome. So it takes a development of a treatment to combat dengue fever. The purpose of this study is to see the prevalence of dengue fever in students. The prevalence of dengue fever at the University of Surabaya accounted for 17%, as we approached 81 people among them 14 were infected with dengue hemorrhagic fever. There were 42 (65%) people suffering from headaches, 19 (29%) joints, 26 (40%) muscle pain and 16 (25%) had abdominal pain, and from 64 among the 18-23 age group. The data obtained is helpful in determining the therapeutic approach to infections that appear. Furthermore, demographic factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status with dengue virus transmission are also being considered.

Epidemiological, clinical and climatic characteristics of dengue fever in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan with implication for prevention and control.

BackgroundThe early identification of dengue infection is essential for timely and effective quarantine and vector control measures for preventing outbreaks of the disease. Kaohsiung City is responsible for most of the dengue cases in Taiwan. Thus, this study aims to identify major factors involved in the prevalence of dengue fever by analyzing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and to establish associations between weather parameters and dengue occurrence in this City.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted with 3,322 confirmed dengue cases. Appropriate statistical methods were used to compare differences and correlations between dengue occurrence and demographic, clinical and weather parameters.ResultsThe outbreak of dengue fever was found to be initiated by imported cases of dengue viruses from other endemic countries. Most of the confirmed cases were not reported to the health authority during the first visit to a doctor, and it took a median of 5 days after the appearance of the first syndromes for medical personnel to report suspected dengue cases. Accordingly, Aedes mosquitoes would have enough time to be infected and transmit the dengue virus. The diagnosis and notification criteria should not only include common symptoms of fever, myalgia, headache, skin rash and arthralgia, but should also be adjusted to include the most frequent symptoms of loss of appetite and feeling thirsty to shorten the notification time. Significantly positive correlations were found between the number of confirmed cases and weather parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) at a time lag of 1 month and 2 months. The predictive models for dengue occurrence using these three parameters at a 2-month lag time were established.ConclusionsThe surveillance of imported cases, adjustment of notification criteria and application of climatic predictive models would be helpful in strengthening the dengue early warning surveillance system.

Study on Prevalence of Dengue Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South Kerala

Study on Prevalence of Dengue Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South Kerala

Dengue Viral Infection and Necessity for Screening Patients Having Pyrexia of Unknown Origin

Dengue Viral Infection (DVI) is an emerging global health problem infecting about 50-100 million people annually worldwide. More than 2.5 million people have dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Aedesaegypti is the principal vector for disease transmission while humans are the main reservoir. The clinical manifestations range from self-limited Dengue fever (DF) to complicated and fatal outcomes, DHF and DSS. DF is prevalent in more than 100 countries of the world. More than 2.5 billion people of the World’s population are residents of Dengue endemic area. According to one reported study, the prevalence of DF in Pakistan is 29%. Similarly, one study result carried out in India has shown 78% prevalence of DF. In Mexico, the one published seroprevalence study showed 79.6% prevalence of DF. A review/analysis report of the Gynecological and Obstetrical survey from 30 published studies has shown 64% transmission rate of DF from a mother to a child. The study results carried out in Jamaica has shown an increase in the prevalence of DF in seen in less than 1year and more than 60 years. The mortality rate with DHF is 33%. While in less than 15 years of it is 5%. This can be only reduced with early/accurate diagnosis and the prompt management of the condition. The absence of specific vaccine and antiviral is responsible for making this infection as a global health problem. The US government has spent 15 million US dollars for the establishment and discovery of specific DF treatment. The study carried out in India has shown the median cost for treatment per patient about 432.2 US dollars. It is 4 times in case of private health sectors. The proposed review article will highlight the incidence of dengue infection in patients having PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin). It will be a guide for the clinicians to consider DVI in their list of differential diagnosis of PUO. Moreover, it will be helpful in establishing the screening policies for DVI in PUO. The resultant of all of this will improve the life quality of PUO sufferers. It will be useful to reduce the increased financial burden due to PUO missed diagnosis and management in underdeveloped countries like one of ours.

Prevalence of Dengue Fever and Comparative Analysis of IgM and IgG Antibodies in Dengue Fever in Thoothukudi- Southern Coastal City, Tamil Nadu

Prevalence of Dengue Fever and Comparative Analysis of IgM and IgG Antibodies in Dengue Fever in Thoothukudi- Southern Coastal City, Tamil Nadu

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen in 2014

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen city in 2014 and to analyze the evolutional characteristics of the epidemic dengue virus (DENV) strains in order to provide scientific guidelines for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of dengue fever in Shenzhen city in 2014. Immunochromatography and real-time PCR were performed to detect the specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) and DENV nucleic acids in serum samples collected from suspected cases of dengue fever. Serum samples collected from the patients at early stage of dengue fever were used to infect the C6/36 cell line for further isolation of DENV strains. The types of isolated DENV strains were determined by using real-time PCR. E genes of the isolated DENV strains were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced. DNAStar and Clustslx (1.83) softwares were used to analyze the homology between DENV strains isolated in Shenzhen and other areas. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of E genes of Shenzhen strains and other sequences of DENV reference strains downloaded from GenBank was constructed for further analysis. Results A total of 454 cases of dengue fever were reported in Shenzhen in 2014 with a male to female ratio of 1.43∶1. Local patients accounted for 76.21% and the rest 23.79% were imported cases mainly from Southeast Asian and surrounding cities. There were 441 cases reported from September to November, accounting for 97.14% of all reported cases. Most of the infected subjects were aged 20 to 50, accounting for 76.73%. Of the 270 samples positive for DENV nucleic acids, strains of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 accounted for 87.41%, 8.89%, 0.37% and 2.22%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the DENV-1 strains belonged to two genotypes, which were genotypeⅠ and genotype Ⅴ. The DENV strains of genotypeⅠ were highly similar to the epidemic strain isolated in Shenzhen in 2010 and the genotype Ⅴ strains were first reported in Shenzhen. The homology analysis of the nucleotides of E genes showed that minor differences in the nucleotide sequences were found between DENV-2 strains. All of the DENV-2 strains belonged to the genotype Ⅳ as indicated by the phylogenic tree. Conclusion There were 454 cases of dengue fever (including both local and imported cases) reported in Shenzhen city in 2014, reaching an all-time high. DENV-1 was the predominant pathogen in combination with an increased infection of DENV-2. This study indicated that the prevalent DENV strains might be imported from Southeast countries and neighboring cities. Further researches should be conducted to analyze whether dengue fever is endemic in Shenzhen City. Key words: Dengue virus; Epidemiological characteristics; E gene; Evolutional analysis

A study on the prevalence of Dengue fever in Kelambakkam in comparison to an earlier study

Introduction: Dengue is a mosquito borne viral fever, which is prevalent in India. A one year study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015, to determine the prevalence of Dengue infection in patients with clinically suspected Dengue fever at Chettinad Hospital and Research institute, Kelambakkam, a suburb of Chennai. Materials and Methods: The samples were tested for Dengue NS1antigen, IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies using the ELISA Methodology. 1231samples were tested during this period. Results: Total positive cases were 474(38.5%). 299 samples were collected from adult males and 65 from pediatric males. 86 samples were collected from adult females and 25 from pediatric females. In males, dengue prevalence rate was higher (76.8%) than females (23.2%).Total positive cases for IgM was 215(45.6%) and for IgG was 203(43%). 284(76.8%) were positive for NS1 antigen. About 43(12%) cases were positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies and NS1 antigen. An increase in the prevalence of dengue was recorded during the months of June, July, August, September, and October. This increase in prevalence was due to the onset of the monsoon season in Tamil Nadu when the vector Aedes aegypti occurs in large numbers.50.6%of the positive cases had thrombocytopenia and 11.6% had leucopenia. Total IgM positivity has increased from 5.04% to 45.6% and total IgG positivity has increased from 14.2% to 43%, as when compared to our previous study. Key words: pyrexia, dengue, prevalence, ELISA, Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia

Prevalence of Dengue Fever in a Tertiary Care Center Experience

Prevalence of Dengue Fever in a Tertiary Care Center Experience

PREVALENSI KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR PERIODE JUNI‐NOVEMBER 2014

Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito‐borne infection that causes a severe flu‐like illness. Dengue can vary from mild to severe; the more severe forms include dengue shock syndrome and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF).The main purpose of this research is to investigate and analyse the prevalence of dengue cases that has been reported in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah, Denpasar from the month of June to November in the year of 2014. The design research used for this study is Descriptive studyof cohort retrospective. The target population is basically the population of patients in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah, Denpasar, who has been diagnosed with dengue fever. This research is carried out using medical data of 429 patients. Total of 118 cases are reported as outpatients and 311 cases are inpatient. Based on the research, the highest percentage of case reported is in the month of June with 28.20% of total cases. The percentage is then followed by 22.14% in July, 15.62 in August, 11.89% in September, 11.42% inOctober, and only 10.73% in November. Conclude can be made that prevalence of dengue fever which has been reported in RSUP Sanglah from the month of June to November 2014 has been decreasing step by step. It is hoped this study will be useful for the control of dengue cases in the future.

Prevalence of Dengue fever in Shimoga District of Karnataka, India

Objective: To understand the prevalence pattern of dengue in Shimoga district of Karnataka, India. Methods: A comprehensive data collection about dengue infection, prevalence, transmission and severity in different taluks of Shimoga district of Karnataka, India from district health department, hospital records, meteorological departments and district surveillance board. Data analysis and rate of prevalence of Dengue in the district was calculated. Results: Data analysis revealed Shimoga district having an alarming rate of 67 fold increase in dengue cases in 2013. Shikaripura taluk emerged as the most dengue prevalent taluk and females were less prone to dengue epidemic in all taluks of Shimoga. Monitoring Aedes mosquito larvae or larval indices such as Container Index(CI) and Breteau Index(BI) soon after the outbreak showed higher rate than accepted by WHO which was correlated with the number of dengue incidence in the taluk. Conclusion: The study showed a direct relation between Dengue prevalence in district during monsoon months due to the increase in the Aedes mosquito larval breeding sites. This also gave insights about improper eco-epidemiological settings for the increase in the magnitude of this epidemic in the district.

Prevalence of patients with acute febrile illnesses and positive dengue NS1 tests in a tertiary hospital in Papua New Guinea.

Because the prevalence of dengue fever in urban settings in Papua New Guinea is unknown, we investigated the presence of dengue using the NS1 antigen test in an outpatient-based prospective observational study at Port Moresby General Hospital. Of 140 patients with acute febrile illnesses, dengue fever was diagnosed in 14.9% (20 of 134; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 9.6-22.4). Malaria (2 of 137; 1.5%; 95% CI = 0.3-5.7), chikungunya (3 of 140; 2.1%; 95% CI = 0.6-6.6), and bacterial bloodstream infections (0 of 80; 0%; 95% CI = 0-5.7) were uncommon. Dengue fever should no longer be considered rare in Papua New Guinea.

Vasculitic skin lesions in dengue fever - Case series

The number of cases of dengue fever (DF) has increased dramatically during the last decade and is emerging as a global health problem. The increased prevalence of DF has been noticed recently in Kerala. Eighty percent of people infected with dengue virus are asymptomatic. Typical and atypical presentations of DF have been mentioned in the medical literature. The usual presentation is with thrombocytopenia associated periorbital petechiae and purpura along with other symptoms like fever, skin rash, headache and myalgia. In this case study, we report two cases of DF with ecchymosis. The rare manifestation such as low grade intermittent fever and vasculitic skin lesions, even if normal platelets count and bleeding parameters, should not ignore the possible dengue viral infection. Keywords: Ecchymosis, platelet count, dengue IgM, vasculitis