Demographic Dimensions Research Articles

Demographics shape public preferences for carbon dioxide removal and solar geoengineering interventions across 30 countries

Climate intervention technologies such as carbon dioxide removal and solar geoengineering are becoming more actively considered as solutions to global warming. The demographic aspects of the public serve as a core determinant of social vulnerability and the ability for people to cope with, or fail to cope with, exposure to heat waves, air pollution, or disruptions in access to modern energy services. This study examines public preferences for 10 different climate interventions utilizing an original, large-scale, cross-country set of nationally representative surveys in 30 countries. It focuses intently on the demographic dimensions of gender, youth and age, poverty, and income as well as intersections and interactions between these categories. We find that support for the more engineered forms of carbon removal decreases with age. Gender has little effect overall. Those in poverty and the Global South are nearly universally more supportive of climate interventions of various types.

Variables influencing students' learning motivation: critical literature review

This study presents a critical literature review exploring the variables influencing student learning motivation between 2017 and 2023. The study analyzes 84 empirical studies to identify trends and patterns across diverse demographics, including varied age groups and cultural backgrounds, focusing on contrasting Eastern and Western educational contexts. This study aims to fill the existing gap by examining a wider range of populations in recent years to assess the relationship between learning motivation and the factors that influence it. Six pivotal factors influencing learning motivation were identified: psychological values, cognitive factors, social and environmental influences, demographic factors, academic background and study habits, and interventions and programs, each contributing uniquely to the understanding of student motivation. Moreover, the findings underscore the predominance of psychological values in Eastern countries, whereas the Western literature focuses on social and environmental influences. This review acknowledges the nuanced relationship between cultural constructs and learning motivation research, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive educational policies and practices. Additionally, by taking into account the recent advancements in technology and the effects of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, this study considers additional motivational factors, presenting a holistic view that could inform future educational interventions and academic policies. For example, the revised categorization in our study emphasizes the complex and interconnected nature of the factors affecting learning motivation, highlighting the interaction among psychological, social, cognitive, and demographic dimensions.

Inclusion in Indian Organizations: Relating Perceptions to Demographic Dimensions

Inclusion in Indian Organizations: Relating Perceptions to Demographic Dimensions

A decadal review of the role of communication-mobile technologies in promoting digital inclusion: Digital divide

Advancements in communication-mobile technologies have transformed the digital landscape, creating new opportunities while also exposing disparities in access and usage. This phenomenon of unequal digital participation, often termed the “digital divide”, can exacerbate inequalities. Bridging this divide through innovative technological solutions and policy interventions is critical for empowerment. This study investigates the role communication-mobile technologies have played in promoting digital inclusion over the past decade through a systematic review of academic literature. Fourteen studies published between 2012 and 2023 were analyzed following a rigorous selection process. A conceptual framework was developed to examine the layers of the digital divide, variety of divides, intervention types, and tools used. The analysis reveals the multifaceted nature of the divide across geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic dimensions. Communication and access emerge as pivotal elements, with studies emphasizing approaches like leveraging libraries as community hubs. The importance of multi-tiered interventions, from grassroots to policy-level, is pronounced. Arts, libraries, training, and mobile platforms are identified as key tools. While the findings largely align with the topics highlighted in the preliminary sections, gaps exist concerning insufficiently addressed divides and groups. Expanding the discourse to incorporate these areas can enrich the conceptualization of communication technologies’ role in digital inclusion. This timely systematic review provides a foundation for continued interrogation of digital participation challenges facing diverse global populations.

Digital access and learning outcomes: a study of equity and inclusivity in distance education

PurposeThe transformative impact of digital innovations on education has reshaped academic landscapes, affecting both instructional methods and evaluation systems. This study delves into the realm of distance education, exploring the intricate dynamics of digital access, equity and inclusivity, with a particular focus on their influence on learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive survey involving 360 participants was conducted to gather data on various facets of the digital learning environment. Descriptive statistics illuminated participants' perceptions, while digital access disparities were analyzed through a chi-square test. Structural equation modelling (SEM) assessed direct relationships, mediation and moderation analyses and elucidated the nuanced influence of demographic parameters.FindingsDescriptive analysis revealed generally positive perceptions of digital learning, with some variability in aspects like accessibility of learning materials and Internet connectivity. Digital access disparities were evident across demographic parameters, highlighting significant associations with gender, education, income, geographic location, religious affiliation and field of study. SEM indicated robust positive associations between digital access and learning outcomes, strategies for enhancing equity and inclusivity and their combined impact on overall academic success.Originality/valueThis study contributes original insights by comprehensively analyzing the interplay of digital access, equity and inclusivity in distance education and their impact on learning outcomes. The research unveils nuanced disparities across demographic dimensions, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The study’s integration of SEM, mediation and moderation analyses adds a sophisticated layer to the understanding of these relationships.

Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia

Abstract The development of the functional settlement typology methodology is of academic and practical importance as it incorporates the social, economic, and demographic dimensions of regional development. Rural settlements are seen as a base for labor; traditional urban centers have become a base for commuters, while at the same time, new economic centers are emerging where capital investment is accumulating. This article presents the research conducted in the Srem region (located in the province of Vojvodina) to determine the functional typology of the settlement, which is of social, economic, and demographic importance for the region itself and for Serbia as a whole. This well-known immigration area in Serbia has been inhabited for centuries for its specific economic and political reasons. The very intensive economic activities of the last two decades have been influenced by development investments and contributed to the functional transformation of the settlements. The census data from 2022 make it possible to determine a functional typology of settlements in the Srem region using the factor method (principal component analysis). The article aims to explain the basic characteristics of functional types of settlements and to determine the mechanisms of their territorial distribution, which would be helpful in the future planning and organization of local and regional development of the Republic of Serbia.

Cardiovascular and renal physiological impacts seen in blood tests of flu diagnosed patients

Early detection of influenza virus infection can potentially reduce risk of morbidity, mortality, and virus transmission through earlier intervention strategies. Although seasonal influenza is a localized respiratory viral infection, changes in cardiovascular physiology and inflammatory biomarkers have been previously observed by our group in mice during influenza infection. Distinguishing patterns among common blood panels, including complete blood count, basic metabolic, comprehensive metabolic, coagulation panel, and c-reactive protein, could lead to earlier diagnosis and better prognosis of symptomatic carriers, but also be useful to diagnose asymptomatic carriers of the virus and provide better infectious disease surveillance. The objective of this study was to utilize the University of Mississippi Medical’s extensive clinical database (EPIC) to investigate the potential association between common blood tests with patients diagnosed with influenza from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Diagnosed patients were identified from over 1 million patients (of a total population of 3 million) and 36 million encounters of Mississippi residents from the electronic health record Data from patients with reported demographic dimensions (age, first race, and sex), offce visit dimensions (BMI, diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, respiration rate, systolic BP, and temperature), and common blood test values were obtained for 1896 influenza diagnosed patients, including day of diagnosis and additional encounter visits within 60 days before and after first unique influenza diagnosis. Overall, at day of influenza diagnosis, we see an increase in red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prothrombin time (PT), and c-reactive protein (CRP) and a decrease in platelets, calcium, glucose, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (AST). Yet, at the sex-specific level, there were differences; females have an increase in glucose, BUN, and creatinine, while males have an increase in albumin and ALP. Multivariate analyses of patients with complete data for 18 blood tests and binned by month relative to the day of diagnosis confirm distinct differences on the day of diagnosis. Future analysis will reveal which blood tests contribute to overall change on the day of diagnosis. Our findings show both changes in cardiovascular and renal physiology during influenza infection and the need to assess these blood measurements during influenza virus infection studies in mice. NIH/NIGMS — 1P20GM144041-01A1 5334 Host-pathogen molecular and cardiovascular interaction during influenza infection. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

URBANIZATION AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA: AN INTROSPECTIVE STUDY THROUGH GINI CONCENTRATION

Introduction: Development and urbanisation are closely related, there isn't a clear-cut relationship between the two. The process of urbanization can be measured in terms of many demographic dimensions. Objective: The paper aims to calculate the Gini Concentration Ratio (GCR) of urban population i.e., Co-efficient of urban concentration for the urban towns in India for 2001 and 2011 censuses to examine whether urban concentration increases or not leading to urbanization. Method: This study is an introspective type of research based on secondary data gathered from books, articles, websites, web-based journals, Census Reports, and government offices. Result and Discussion: Gini-Concentration Ratio is used to calculate for 2001 and 2011 censuses and its different values are interpreted. Findings: The value of Gini concentration ratio of 2011 census is greater than 2001 census indicating that the concentration of urban population is increasing thereby development of India. Conclusion: An important way to reduce the differences in the rate of urbanisation between rural and urban areas is seemed to prioritise for socio-economic development of the country.

The direction, timing and demography of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera) invasion reconstructed using complete mitochondrial genomes

The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is a pest insect that feeds on hundreds of species of wild and cultivated plants including important fruit, vegetable, and field crops. Native to Japan, the pest has invaded large areas of the USA, Canada, the Azores (Portugal), Italy, and Ticino (Switzerland), and it is considered a priority for control in the European Union. We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence in 86 individuals covering the entire distribution of the species. Phylogenetic analysis supports a major division between South Japan and Central/North Japan, with invasive samples coming from the latter. The origin of invasive USA samples is incompatible, in terms of the timing of the event, with a single introduction, with multiple Japanese lineages having been introduced and one accounting for most of the population expansion locally. The origin of the two invasive European populations is compatible with two different invasions followed by minimal differentiation locally. Population analyses provide the possibility to estimate the rate of sequence change from the data and to date major invasion events. Demographic analysis identifies a population expansion followed by a period of contraction prior to the invasion. The present study adds a time and demographic dimension to available reconstructions.

PRESERVING AND EXPANDING OLYMPIC SPORT HERITAGE: EXAMINING THE "PAGER" FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Objective. This review aims to investigate literature on the heritage of Olympic sport participation from 2000 to 2023 in order to assess the advancement of consistency and achievements from participation in Olympic sports.
 Methodology. The bibliosemantic method was used to clarify the state of the problem, study the analysis of the results of previous scientific research based on printed literature and electronic sources. This review study analysed broad sections including the demographic dimension, the social dimension and the intervention process. Five main research themes were summarised from these three broad sections using the PAGER system.
 Results. After the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Chinese officials declared that the goal of "attracting 300 million people to play sports on ice and snow" had been achieved. Historically, the London 2012 Olympic Games had a similar goal: to increase participation in sports for all through the hosting the Olympic Games. Given the goals highlighted, the impact of the Olympic Games on sport participation has certainly been significant. This impact can be called the heritage of Olympic sport, the intangible heritage of the Olympics. This has attracted the attention of many researchers in the academic field in recent years.
 Unlike previous reviews of sport heritage, this review applies the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence of Practice, and Research Recommendations (PAGER) framework in the stage of result analysis to enhance the quality of the findings. Numerous related studies have been studied in this review, and their scope ranges from the study of state sports policy to the impact of social, economic and cultural policies on the heritage of participation in Olympic sports.
 Conclusion. Current research, as reviewed here, tends to prioritize phenomenological descriptions and recommendations for future planning in Olympic sports. Notably, considerable progress has been made in this area. Several studies highlight the importance of collaboration and long-term planning between various government agencies and stakeholders for achieving success in Olympic sports and realizing their lasting social, cultural, and political impact.

Social Demographic Dimensions of Contraceptive Use in the Land of Papua: A Cross-Sectional Approach

Background: The use of contraception is one of the efforts to prevent unwanted or mistimed pregnancies. Therefore, it has become a family planning program for motivating families to have ideal plans for pregnancies in time and with a desired number. However, although nationally, 58.7% of married women aged 15-49 years old used contraception in 2019, the percentage of contraceptive users remained the lowest in Papua, with only 13.7% of married women of the same age group using contraceptives in addition to 20% of the women having the unmet need for contraception. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the use of contraception in women of childbearing age in Papua Province.Method: This study employed data from the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were 666,866 married women aged 10-54 years. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS with a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) to express statistical significance.Results: Residence, educational status, pregnancy, employment, age at first marriage, number of children, cell phone ownership, and health insurance were significantly correlated with contraceptive use (p < 0.001). Residence in an urban area, junior high school education, pregnancy, marriage at less than 20 years of age, having more than two children alive, and ownership of a cell phone and health insurance were associated with an increased chance of using contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Papua. The chance to use contraception was the highest for married pregnant women of reproductive age, and the women, in this case, were 35 times more likely to use contraceptives compared to unpregnant ones.

Evaluation of the functional capacity of elderly users of primary care in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Population aging is a growing phenomenon that deserves to be highlighted in the current situation in which the country and the world find themselves. The increase in life expectancy has brought a new challenge to the elderly, which is to age with quality of life, physically and mentally healthy. The functional capacity as well as the socioeconomic and demographic dimensions must be investigated so that this information provides support for the rehabilitation and recovery of this segment of the population. This study was a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research, in which a questionnaire was used to characterize the elderly regarding their demographic, social and economic condition, together with internationally validated questionnaires that assessed functional capacity (Katz and Pfeffer). The elderly interviewed in this study were mostly female, aged between 60 and 93 years old, retired, married, most of them did not have health insurance, but had an illness diagnosed by a doctor; As for functional capacity, the majority of the sample proved to be independent. Understanding the aging process and seeking alternatives for providing care to the elderly today represents a challenge for everyone who works in public health services and society as a whole.

Quality of health service in the local government authorities in Tanzania: a perspective of the healthcare seekers from Dodoma City and Bahi District councils.

Improvement and access to quality healthcare are a global agenda. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3) is committed to ensuring good health and well-being of the people by 2030. However, this commitment heavily depends on joint efforts by local authorities and the immediate service providers to communities. This paper is set to inform the status of health service provision in local authorities in Tanzania using the determinants for quality health services in Dodoma City and Bahi District. A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data from 400 households in the Local Government Authorities. The five-service quality (SERVQUAL) dimensions of Parasuraman were adopted to gauge the quality of service in public healthcare facilities. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the frequency and mean of the demographic information and the quality of health services, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to establish the influence of the demographic dimensions on the quality of health services. The findings revealed that quality health services have not been realised for healthcare seekers. Further, the area of residence, education, and occupation are significantly associated with the perceived quality of health service delivery in the Local Government Authorities. The healthcare facilities under the LGAs offer services whose quality is below the healthcare seekers' expectations. The study recommends that the Local Government Authorities in Tanzania strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of health service delivery in public healthcare facilities.

A Study on the Employee Perception towards the Impact of the Workforce Diversity on their Performance

Companies are implementing various strategies to promote workforce diversity in order to accomplish various goals in HR-related areas. The growing globalization and competition present both problems and possibilities for a diversified workforce. In order to incorporate the influence of diversity, organizations have emerged that represent diverse people, regardless of organizational hierarchy, and so they can meet the needs, services, products, and processes of the social aspects that emerge once diversity is prevalent. Hence fostering and upholding an organizational culture that encompasses the total range of various people. This study was conducted with the objective of understanding the relationship between workplace diversity and the performance of employees in organizations and revealed that there is significant relationship between them. Moreover, all the demographic dimensions selected for the study have significant positive correlation with the performance of the employees. Key words: diversity, performance, organization,

Using Trend Models for Analysis and Forecasting Basic Demographic Indicators (case study of Sumy Region, Ukraine)


 
 
 The article is dedicated to the analysis of the demographic situation in Sumy region and possible scenarios for its development. The aim of the article is to carry out a demographic forecast of the main demographic indicators of Sumy region (Ukraine) till 2030. Forecasting is based on defining the tendencies in the dynamics of demographic indicators during 1990-2021. It should be noted that the demographic situation in Sumy region is perhaps the most complicated in the national demographic dimension. According to many demographic indicators, the region holds the most negative positions in Ukraine. Besides, negative features continue to grow: over the past 10 years, the population of the region has decreased by 9.3%, urban – by 6.3%, and rural – by 15.4%. According to our forecast, the population of the region will decrease by another 12% and will amount to approximately 911 thousand inhabitants by 2030. Forecasting the number of the rural population showed a faster rate of its depopulation – up to 253.8 thousand people, or 18.8%. Besides, there will be negative changes in the population of certain age groups. For example, in the age group 0-17 years, there will be only 135 thousand people and the number of children will decrease by 17.7% by 2030. The main point is a significant decrease in the birth rate, which will be reduced by 14.5% during the forecast period. The fertility rate will decrease by 13.7% and it will amount to 0.7 children per woman. On the other hand, there is a tendency towards an increase in mortality, the level of which in 2021 reached the highest value – 20 ‰. According to our forecast, by 2030, the mortality rate will stabilize at the level of 19.6-19.7 ‰, and in the pessimistic scenario, it will increase by 16.2% (up to 23.2 ‰). As a result of the two demographic tendencies mentioned above, since the 1980s, there has been a natural decline in the population in Sumy region. By 2030, the rate of depopulation will increase by 2.4%, and its level will be -15.1% per year. The results of the demographic forecast can be used in assessing the balance of labor resources in the future, planning the development of the social sphere, housing construction, etc.
 
 

Between Old and New Needs: The Issue of Inclusion of the Elderly before, during and after COVID-19. The Case of Rural Areas in Canada-Québec and Italy

During the health crisis, the elderly were identified as being among those most at risk of developing complications in the event of contamination by the virus, so in Italy, Canada and many other parts of the world, various specific measures were implemented to protect them. However, these have mainly involved measures to reduce both physical and social contact. This has led to repercussions not only on the social and psychological well-being of seniors but also on their social participation and inclusion. According to these aspects, in this article we analyze the situations and experiences of the elderly (aged seventy and over) in rural areas, in Italy and Canada, trying to highlight the socio-territorial effects of this health crisis on seniors. Therefore, on one hand, the aim is to identify the aspects that have accentuated the vulnerability of seniors and, on the other hand, the protective and supportive measures that have enabled them to cope with the pandemic crisis and its consequences. Furthermore, we will illustrate the different efforts to respond to the complex issue of ageing (demographic dimension) within rural areas (socio-territorial dimension) in an emergency-pandemic context (socio-health dimension), asking whether or not the initiatives and processes implemented by a variety of actors (non-profit associations, local or public institutions) respond to the needs and requirements of seniors living (in) the areas under study.

Demographic Transformations in the Historical Process in the Light of Technological Development: Theoretical Approach

The analysis of the demographic component and of the demographic dimension of historical process has unfortunately not been sufficiently studied in the social sciences. The demographic development of humankind is even more rarely studied in its close connection with technological development. However, this is an extremely important aspect that can not only explain essential dimensions of the development, but also provide a basis for explaining current processes and forecasting our futures. Moreover, in many ways, it is an integral aspect of analysis, because it focuses on people, the population, that is the main subject of society and humanity. Accordingly, the changes in demographic parameters (both quantitative and qualitative) have an impact on the entire social system, from technology to ideology as well as on the World System at whole. Population growth is undoubtedly the most important driving force of the development of society. The most important subsystem of society, which constitutes its material basis, combines population and production. The link between demography and production is seemingly obvious, since, on the one hand, production determines population growth opportunities and, on the other hand, population size affects the production and other opportunities of a society. However, this relationship is not so simple and is also non-linear, and in addition, the correlation between the demographic and production components of societies changes significantly over the course of the historical process. It is also not always so easy to explain strong fluctuations and transformations in population dynamics. In the present study, the authors provide an analysis of the demographic development of humankind in its close connection with technological development, including the twenty-first century trends. This work, consisting of two articles, aims to provide a theoretical framework for the correlation between the development of production and technology, on the one hand, and demographic transformations, on the other, during the historical process, and to describe all major demographic transformations during human history. The work describes the historical types of population reproduction (TPR) and the reasons for their change. All this makes it possible to make a forecast about the vectors and main features of the coming demographic transformation in the twenty-first century. This (first) article describes theoretical approaches and models of the connection between production revolutions (Agrarian, Industrial and Cybernetic) and the largest demographic transformations, and also reflects important points influencing on population growth and its limitatio-ns. It is shown that the production revolution and the development of the production principle cycle in general change the type of population reproduction, and together they provide the most powerful impulse for the qualitative reorganization of the entire social structure and social relations and further world-system configurations. The authors conclude that every production revolution is followed by a fundamental change in demography. And vice versa, population growth causes such changes in society and inter-societal relations, communications and diffusion of innovations that it greatly accelerates technological development. However, there are many nuances and external inconsistencies in this correlation that require explanation. The latter are given in the second article, which also makes predictions about future demographic transformations.

Demographic Transformations in the Light of Technological Development: Types of Demographic Reproduction in the Past and in the Future

The analysis of the demographic component and demographic dimension of historical process has not been sufficiently studied in the social sciences. The demographic development of humankind is even more rarely studied in its close connection with technological development. However, this is an extremely important aspect that can not only explain essential dimensions of the development, but also provide a basis for explaining current processes and forecasting our futures. Moreover, in many ways, it is an integral aspect of analysis, because it focuses on people, the population, which is the main subject of society and humanity. This work, consisting of two articles, aims at providing a theoretical framework for the correlation between the development of production and technology, on the one hand, and demographic transformations, on the other, during the historical process, and to describe all major demographic transformations during human history. The work describes the historical types of population reproduction (TPR) and the reasons for their change. All this makes it possible to make a forecast about the vectors and main features of the coming demographic transformation in the twenty-first century. In the first article we described theoretical approaches and models of the correlation between production revolutions (Agrarian, Industrial and Cybernetic) and the largest demographic transformations, and also spoke about important factors influencing the population growth and its limitations. We showed that the production revolution and the development of the production principle cycle in general change the type of population reproduction, and together they provide the most powerful impulse for the qualitative reorganization of the entire social structure and social relations and further world-system configurations. Thus, every production revolution is followed by a fundamental change in demography. In the present (second) article, the relationship between each production revolution and each production principle, on the one hand, and demographic transformations and type of population reproduction, on the other hand, is analyzed not just in a theoretical model, but in connection with the specific course of the historical process and those quantitative data, which science currently has at its disposal. When considering the defined correlation between transformations in production and demography, we give explanation to many important peculiarities. All these ideas about demographic trends from the Upper Paleolithic to the end of the twenty-first century have also been summarized by us in a convenient tabular form. A particular attention is given to the analysis of the demographic transition in connection with the demographic transformations taking place in the last seven to eight decades; in addition, the connection between the ongoing Cybernetic Revolution and global aging is revealed. Forecasts are made about future demographic transformations associated with the development of the aging process and the formation of a new type of population reproduction. The arti

A Study on the Relationship between Emotion Regulation Strategies,Five-Factor Personality Traits and Mental Health of College Students in Private College

Private university students are an important part of Chinese college students. Exploring private university students' mental health status and its influencing factors will help college counselors and psychological counselors to carry out mental health education work. This study focuses on the analysis of the relationship between emotion regulation strategies, personality traits and mental health, and mainly uses questionnaire survey to obtain effective data of 266 college students in private universities. Through the difference test, correlation analysis and regression analysis of the three variables, it is found that students in private universities are more inclined to use cognitive reappraisal strategy. Among the five personality factors, agreeableness, Neuroticism, Extraversion and conscientiousness have significant differences in demographic dimension. Freshmen scored significantly higher than seniors in total mental health scores, self-denial, depression and anxiety. Students who had served as class leaders had better mental health status than students who had not served as class leaders. The expression inhibition strategy of emotion regulation strategy can significantly predict the level of mental health, and neuroticism and extraversion play a complete mediating role between them. Neuroticism and conscientiousness had the greatest effect on the total score of mental health. Extraversion and conscientiousness had a negative effect on self-denial, while neuroticism had a positive effect on depression and anxiety.

SATISFACTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS WITH ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19

Purpose- With the advent of COVID-19 the world has faced a situation that has changed the course of education towards technology-based alternative solutions. High education institutions in Turkey rushed from the first moments to avoid the disruption of education process, and transformed into the online learning system. Current study aims to investigate the satisfaction level of high education students in İstanbul Turkey during COVID-19. Methodology- An online survey has been filled out by more than two hundred students. Findings- The results show that most of the variables related with the usage and usefulness of online system have statistically significant effects on students’ perceptions concerning satisfaction. It can be reported that the transformation during COVID-19 is satisfactory for all levels of higher education students. Conclusion- The study also tries to differentiate between the perceptions of undergraduate and postgraduate students and it has been found that post graduates are more satisfied in overall terms. Moreover, most demographic dimensions also have different influences on the undergraduate and postgraduate students’ perceptions. The results of the study lead to recommendations and suggestions related with future implementation of online education system useful for both educators and implementers. Keywords: Online education, Covıd-19, satisfaction, higher education. JEL Codes: M40, M41