Democratic Management Research Articles

Conscientization on Techniques of the Social Audit towards the Implementation of the Village Development Program

Through the social audit, villagers can control, supervise, and evaluate certain development programs or activities that have been implemented by the village government, because social audit can be positioned as a variant of public participation oriented towards the realization of democratic governance. This critical learning facilitation was held in the context of social awareness to expand the understanding of villagers about social audit techniques based on principles, benefits, and ideal stages while at the same time fostering the commitment of the village government to apply the principles of transparency and accountability in development management, including providing access to information disclosure related to the village planning and budgeting documents so that it can be known by the citizens as a whole. This community service activity involved dozens of residents and the village government officials as participants and was carried out during March 2018 in the Rabakodo Village, Woha District, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province by applying special learning methods in the form of various lectures to convey the conceptual substance of social audit that must be understood by program participants, as well as practices to demonstrate the social audit work process that can be directly observed and practised by them. These facilitation activities produce outputs in the form of recommendations from residents to the village government so that (1) public participation in the planning-budgeting process, including the activities in the field of village development, community building, and community empowerment must be provided in large portions by the village government for the sake of democratic and inclusive management of the village development; (2) The village government must act transparently and responsively to the needs of the residents, and prioritize a persuasive approach when facing their demands; and (3) villagers must always actively participate in all stages of the village development management, especially in planning, budgeting, implementing, and monitoring phases.

Exploring the value of a risk-management quality-assurance model to support delivery of quality higher education in the conflict-affected northwest of Syria

Universities worldwide are adopting quality-assurance programmes to improve the quality of their services, however, the value of Western quality-management models developed for stable contexts, in conflict-affected contexts is questionable. This study sought to review the quality management strategies, policies and practices of two higher education institutions (HEIs) in the non-regime conflict-affected northwest of Syria (NWS), selected as representative of the emerging HE sector in the area since 2015, and to explore the potential benefits of a risk-management approach to quality assurance, a model that places context at its heart to help mitigate identified risks that might undermine delivery of quality HE. A mixed-method approach, was adopted, combining an analysis of the two HEIs administrative documents, with fourteen semi-structured interviews with senior administrative and teaching staff, and a survey of 120 of their 2019/20 graduates. Findings indicated that a risk-management approach would allow HEIs in NWS to develop strategies, policies and practices that would better respond to their conflict-affected realities, and the need for a more transparent and democratic management approach to decision-making and management/staff/student relations and communication. A set of risk-management quality assurance recommendations are offered for consideration by all Syrian HEIs in NWS, to allow the development of management policies, strategies and practices that mitigate risks to delivery of quality HE services. Equally important is to acknowledge the resilience and adaptability of the two study universities, and their commitment to sustaining access to HE for local and displaced communities, despite ongoing insecurity and deteriorating economic and social conditions .

Singular therapeutic Project in Psychosocial Care Centers: Brazilian scientific production in graduate studies

Objective: to know and analyze the trend of Brazilian scientific production on the Singular Therapeutic Project in Psychosocial Care Centers. Methodology: this is a narrative review of the literature, carried out on the theses and dissertations portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, in June 2022. Results: the Singular Therapeutic Project provides the user and their family with the protagonism in care, making them co-responsible for it. The instrument is based on the use of light technologies, such as listening and welcoming, which corroborates the emancipatory care in mental health. It enables the services of the psychosocial care network to move towards the management of mental health care based on the humanized, integral and equitable health model. Furthermore, the Singular Therapeutic Project appears as an important way to build public policies based on the real needs of the territories and assisted users. However, it is known that there are still important challenges facing the construction of the instrument, which directly impact the democratic management of the instrument. Final considerations: the study made it possible to know the scientific productions of graduate programs about the Singular Therapeutic Project in Psychosocial Care Centers, which predominantly use qualitative research methods. Furthermore, it made it possible to identify the weaknesses that still exist in the services of the care network, providing a basis for the development of future research and actions in the field of mental health.

Articulating Methodology – Weaving a Trans-Disciplinary Knowledge

Background: With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the educational context became more complex, and other challenges were added to the already-existing ones. The way of doing and thinking about education mediated by digital technologies emerged suddenly. It put our view of the world into question because the world has changed, we are no longer the same, and the need for humanitarian health and transdisciplinary education has expanded in all contexts. The new educational reality is evidenced by the social distancing and the teaching and learning processes, requiring prepared teachers and committed to the act of educating. The current pandemic exposed some needs that foster policies, projects and actions with innovative strategies, which enhance learning, so that participants are immersed in an inclusive, trans-disciplinary, dialogic, free and universal education, with a view to unraveling the complexity of social interactions. The new reality aspires to generate a transforming awareness of society, in which people recognize themselves as part of the problems, but above all as part of the solutions. In the education and health sectors, it is essential to reconstruct dynamics, processes, participatory methodologies, and forms of democratic management, which are reaffirmed in the daily practice of educators and health professionals. Objective: Systematize the concepts of the Articulating Methodology (AM) with the Permanent Health Education principles in a perspective that promotes transdisciplinarity, multiple identities, knowledge exchanges and singularities that configure the subjects involved in the education and learning act. Method: This is a descriptive-exploratory study carried out in three stages: description of the authors' personal and professional experiences; conducting of bibliographic research; conducting of an integrative review for a broad discussion on the contextualization of active methodologies in the education and health sectors. Results: We identified important elements in the bibliographic and integrative review that can be added to the Articulating Methodology. In addition, we note that information technology can facilitate trans-disciplinary, as well as a fast, effective and inclusive communication, as long as some dimensions brought by the Articulating Methodology (e.g. lovingness, humanization, intersectoriality, for example, articulation of education and health sectors), interculturality and internationalization of knowledge. Conclusion: We emphasize that it is essential to reaffirm the importance of the role of the educator in the construction of knowledge, whether in the education and health sectors, however, it is necessary to develop a "sensitive reason" for a more humanized practice filled with meanings, emotions and motivation. The applicability of AM, as a device that enhances Permanent Health Education, reinforces dialogue, exchanges of experiences, trans-disciplinary, intersectoral and intercultural actions. In addition, Articulating Methodology, through Proactive Agendas, encourages social participation, the use of information technologies and the creation of bridges between policy maker, managers, inter-disciplinary professionals and social environment, allowing the tone of the narratives and propositions to emerge from the experiences, voices and intercommunication of the participants, thus, enabling a direct impact on the practice of educators and health professionals.

RELATIONSHIP OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICERS

The article discusses the aspect of the influence of the chosen leadership style on the effectiveness of the activities of subordinates, taking into account the specifics of serving in the internal affairs bodies. The relevance of the research is based on the specifics of the managerial style used in the system of the administrative and power apparatus. The effectiveness of management in the internal affairs bodies is based on the simultaneous observance of two factors: the effectiveness of the activities of internal affairs officers and the preservation of hierarchy and accountability in the management system. The purpose of the article is to identify the influence of management style on the efficiency of the workforce of internal affairs officers. As research methods, such methods as classification, comparative analysis, analysis of scientific literature, survey, description were used. It has been found that the basis of effective leadership style management is a combination of management styles, which should change depending on the tasks facing employees in the short and long term. The key conclusions are that in the long run it is most advisable to use a democratic management style, while in the short term it is advisable to use an authoritarian approach to achieve the best results.

A Discussion On The Effects Of Blockchain Technology Within The Context Of Sustainable Development

The solutions made possible by blockchain technology, and crypto assets, are changing the dynamics of many industries. Blockchain technology, which is the subject of discussion with the constructive destruction and energy consumption it triggers, offers a global and inclusive vision that serves sustainability. In this article, a discussion is presented on the effects of blockchain technology, on the environment, economy and society, which are the three main areas of sustainable development. It can be said that blockchain technology has positive and negative effects on these three main areas. Providing the opportunity to create collective value and support social impact projects with a focus on sustainable society, this technology also enables the democratic management of data. Blockchain technology, which allows the development of new business models with a focus on sustainable economy, has the potential to increase financial inclusion. While blockchains working with proof-of-work method have the potential to harm the environment with high energy consumption, blockchains working with different methods can reduce energy consumption. At the same time, studies that will increase the use of renewable energy resources in mining continue, and it is foreseen that the negative effects of this technology on the sustainable environment can be eliminated.

The participatory process in the review of the Master Plan of Vitória (2014-2018)

The Federal Constitution of 1988 defined the Master Plan as a 'basic instrument' of urban development policy and subsequent legislation, which regulated the Urban Policy chapter (Estatuto da Cidade, Federal Law No. 10,257 / 2001), reinforced a set of participatory requirements in the availability and implementation of the corresponding policies. Based on this new institutional arrangement, this research paper analyzes a participatory structure in the process of reviewing the Master Plan for the municipality of Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo, in the period 2014-2018. The investigation took as an analytical parameter the participatory methodology proposed by the Ministry of Cities, whose distinguishing feature was the dissemination of democratic management instruments. The empirical analysis shows that several participatory mechanisms were implemented, such as public hearings of regional and social segments, thematic seminars, round tables, territorial assemblies, implementation of a collaborative website, involvement of the Municipal Council of the Urban Master Plan (CMPDU) and realization of the Municipal Conference on Urban Policy (Encontro da Cidade), in which the draft of the Master Plan bill was presented, discussed and voted on. Thus, the process incorporated the participatory methodology recommended by the Ministry of Cities and the corresponding legislation. The effectiveness of participation according to the guidelines of the City Statute is still an ongoing process, but the inclusion of democratic management mechanisms is a reality in Vitória, constituting an institutional advance.

Willingness to Communicate and Collaborate: The Key Role of Educational Leadership in Primary Education

<p style="text-align:justify">This article aims to explore the views of primary school teachers regarding the educational leadership exercised by leader teachers at the human resource management level, and how this can affect their willingness to communicate and collaborate. The theoretical framework analyzes the dimensions of human resource management by a leader teacher, as a communication channel, team empowerer, and creator of a climate of trust. The research was carried out using quantitative method, with a closed digital questionnaire which was completed by 693 primary school teachers from whole Greece. Initially, the analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and then selected questions were analyzed by statistical inference test. The findings show a shift towards the model of a transformational leader, despite the country’s education system remaining highly centralized. In addition, the findings show a correlation between democratic and cooperative staff management, with the axes of inspiration and responsibility on the teachers’ side. This article highlights whether the communication skills of a leader teacher affect the functioning of the school. The research was carried out during a pandemic and thus it was not possible to collect qualitative data using interviews with leader teachers so that we can have a comparative approach to the issue.</p>

Interaction Between Media Culture and Legal Culture and Their Impact on the Media Regulation System in Bulgaria

The article discusses the democratic changes in the Bulgarian society and the new regulatory system from the perspective of media and legal cultures. The article analyzes legal phenomena as such, as well as the social environment in which they have emerged and developed during the years of democratic transition. Law is a social regulator and has to serve the public interest. In Bulgaria, however, it has always been subject to the political will of the majorities and could not fulfill its function to provide the necessary basis for the establishment of democratic regulatory culture, management culture and culture of independence within the media.

Reflections on the limits and possibilities of democratic management in High Schools in a City in Ceará

This paper discusses Education Management in the context of Public Policies. The objective is to understand the limits and possibilities of a Democratic Management in High Schools in a municipality of the State of Ceará. The qualitative research used the methodological strategy of multiple case study, collecting data through document analysis and interviews with members of the core management of two high schools. The results indicated that democratic management is made possible by means of similar mechanisms between the schools, but obtains different results due to educational conditions, related to workload, curricular components, and physical facilities. It was possible to discuss the potential of democratic management and the actions that favor collectivity, while there are limits, such as bureaucratic obstacles, considered challenging for collective decision-making.

Analysing the Views of School of Foreign Languages Instructors about Organizational Culture

This study aims to investigate the views of school of foreign languages instructors about organizational culture. The study is designed in qualitative research method and as a case study. The study was conducted with 15 school of foreign languages instructors who were selected by maximum variation sampling method during the 2018 and 2019 academic year in Ankara. Semi structured interviews were conducted to gather data and content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study emphasises that for the powerful school culture, instructors should focus on orientation, social activities, merit, and democratic management style.

Multiparty Mediation as Solution for Urban Conflicts: A Case Analysis from Brazil

Social conflicts are becoming more complex every day and, therefore, the development of alternative forms of conflict resolution is necessary in view of the limited role of the Judiciary. With this, mediation gains more space in Brazil and in the world through the 2019 Singapore Convention on Mediation. Mediation is beneficial in the urban context to stimulate the population’s participation and guarantee legitimacy at different levels of power. It enables public and private convergences, better public interest comprehension about the best way of life in cities and enhanced democratic management due to better dialogue and cooperation with the public administration. Mediation focuses on the interventions’ reasons, the role of those involved in the process, welcoming the urban conflict with its peculiarities. It promotes the constitutional principles of democracy, pacification, solidarity, dignity, autonomy of will, speed and popular participation in the administration of Justice. However, in urban conflicts, which involve public administration and a multiplicity of parts, it is often necessary to apply collective or multiparty mediation. Thus, the article’s main objective is to address the effectiveness of multiparty mediation as a solution to urban conflicts through the analysis of 5 (five) concrete cases mediated at the Judicial Dispute Resolution Centers – CEJUSC of the Rio Grande State Court of Justice of the South in Brazil. In the first step, a theoretical-descriptive analysis of multiparty mediation in Brazil and the mediator’s role is carried out. In a second step, we will perform the analysis of practical cases to reach the appropriate conclusions.

The role of judo in the physical training of officers of special structures (on the example of officers of the operational and tactical management level)

The article considers the results of the study related to the use of judo in the sports training (physical activity) of special forces personnel (officers, police, National Guard, other security agencies). According to the results of the study in the studied group of officers engaged in judo, dominate a one-person democratic management style, reflects the ability to delegate their responsibilities to deputies (subordinate personnel), activity in leading people, demanding and moderate trustworthiness A quarter of the investigated officers engaged in judo were found to have a predominant authoritarian and one-person management style, reflecting good leadership qualities, the ability to command the actions of subordinates (personnel), exactingness and insistence, the desire to influence the collective by force of order and coercion, purposefulness and egoism, a superficial attitude to the requests of subordinates, unwillingness to listen to the suggestions of deputies. In 18% of the studied officers engaged in judo is shown passive management style as the leading, revealing the lack of desire of the officer-manager to live the interests of the collective, to show concern for subordinates (personnel), their initiative, respond to criticism and rely on the active, the ability to persuade and explain the content of orders, combine encouragement, use requests and listen to the proposals of subordinates, develop collective opinion. On the basis of the received data the postulate that it is judo is a productive means of maintaining physical activity for the officers-operational-tactical level of management is highlighted. It is shown how physical exercises in judo can influence officers' leadership qualities as well as their leadership style (authoritarian-unique, one-man, passive, directive, liberal), self-assessment and orientation style (orientation on oneself, on relations, interests of the case or on subordination).

The Economic Effects of Direct and Indirect Employee Involvement: Evidence From Corporate Social Responsibility Reports of Chinese Listed Companies.

Employee direct involvement and indirect involvement have been identified as essential forms of an enterprise’s democratic management in the digital economy. Research on the complementary effects of direct and indirect involvement is still in a blank state in China, which limits the external validity and accumulation of employee participation theory. The present study aimed to investigate the complementary effects of employee direct involvement and indirect involvement on the firm’s financial performance. Although previous research suggests that the influence of employee direct or indirect involvement on corporate financial performance has been examined separately, it is unclear whether the association between employee direct involvement and indirect involvement is complementary or conflictual. Based on strategic human resource management theory, we semantically encode 2,680 corporate social responsibility reports and the annual reports of 268 state-owned listed enterprises published from 2014 to 2018 via content analysis method, and the economic effects of employee direct involvement and indirect involvement were concurrently measured. We use configuration theory to explore the complementary effects between employee direct involvement and indirect involvement. Our results reveal that (1) employee involvement in Chinese enterprises was unbalanced, (2) both employee direct involvement and indirect involvement were positively related to enterprise’s financial performance, and (3) there is a complementary effect between the two forms of employee involvement. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

The system of interaction between the state and the citizen in Uzbekistan: renewal and development paths

The article is devoted to the analysis of some theoretical and practical aspects of such a phenomenon as the system of interaction between the state and the citizen in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the consideration of the place of legal values in this system, the grounds and conditions for the establishment of e-democracy, the importance of administrative procedures and public services. The characteristic of the basic legal values of the system of interaction between the state and citizens is given, the position is argued according to which constitutional values determine the essence of the relationship between them. E-democracy is considered in the context of the process of increasing the participation of citizens in the democratic management of state affairs, ensuring the transparency of the activities of state bodies, as well as their interaction with the population. The authors notes that the elements of e-democracy are most visibly manifested in the practice of interaction between the state and society. Given the assessment of the state of development of e-democracy in the country, the authors made an attempt to consider the prospects for its further development in Uzbekistan. Administrative procedures and public services are considered as instruments of interaction between the state and the population, in the context of dialogue between the state and the citizen.

My school is my nation project: paths for the construction of school identity

This study presents and discusses the actions for the implementation of a project. The project was started in a school unit in the State Education Network in the state of Sao Paulo in the Integral Education [PEI], located in the city of Piracicaba – SP, as a way to guarantee the expansion of democratic management within the school, The objective of this work was to present and discuss the relationship between the constitution of the project in a comprehensive way, with the results of the actions that have already been carried out at the school. The school’s documents were analyzed, as well as the legal documents and the relevant bibliography. These all have a purpose to theoretically support the project, giving it a well-founded basis for its implementation. The purpose is to expand the democratic rights within the unit to allow Class Assemblies, corroborating with the democratic management, which will provide the school with a path towards its own identity. Along with the studied literature, the school’s internal documents and the results of the actions already carried out at the school, all validate the project’s viability. There is legal support for its implementation by meeting these proposals. Positive results corroborated the continuity of the successful practices by the analysis of data and the actions already carried out at the school which gives the full implementation of the project.

The Impact of effective leadership on the performance of individuals in Saudi Airlines: تأثير القيادة الفعالة على أداء الأفراد في شركة الخطوط السعودية

The study aimed to get acquainted with the actual practices of effective leadership through the democratic style of the Saudi Airlines Company and to know the reality of the level of performance from their point of view of the Saudi Airlines Company, as well as to develop a proposed model to show the most important variables that affect raising the level of individuals ’performance according to effective leadership practices through the democratic pattern in Leadership at Saudi Airlines Company, the study relies on the descriptive and analytical approach to clarify its objectives, and to identify the extent of practicing effective leadership aspects by following the democratic management in the Saudi Arabian Airlines Company and its role in the performance of individuals. As this approach helps to study the reality, diagnose, express and describe the phenomenon under study accurately. The study population consists of all employees and employees working for the Saudi Airlines Company in the Jeddah branch (central) and their number reached 1497, and the target sample size was determined by 100 individuals, and the link to the questionnaire was distributed to them. The responses valid for statistical analysis reached 84 individuals, i.e. 84% of the target. According to the results, the study made several recommendations, the most important of which is raising the level of individuals' awareness of some democratic leadership practices and increasing human and social communication with subordinates as this contributes to raising performance efficiency.

Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan : Studi Kasus di SMK Nurul Jadid

The research is focused on the leadership of principals in improving the service and quality of NJ Vocational High Schools, with research questions directed at: What is the function and principals manner management in upgrading school quality and service in NJ Vocational Schools? What is the reality of quality and educational services currently at NJ Vocational School? To express questions, the method used by researchers is a qualitative method, by focus evidence analysis. To extract information and data from the informant (informant), the researcher used document analysis techniques, observation, and then ended with an interview to confirm the data. The results reveal that; Principal's leadership style in improving service and education quality in SMK Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo is a team or democratic management style. Whereas the leadership function that is applied is in line with the concept of leadership which is widely raised by expert observers. The reality of schools quality in SMK Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo, such as, raw inputs develop rapidly, the instrumental quality of inputs is incomplete but effective, and the environmental quality in the educational institutions is harmony.

Democratic Management in Times of COVID-19:

This paper discusses the issue of educational management in a challenging scenario: the closing of Brazilian schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an exploratory research, in a documentary character, the articulating role that educational management has been developing together with the families of students was evaluated, with the aim to guarantee their access to remote activities during this period, and their maintenance and organization by part of higher departments. Under the clipping of two official documents of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Deliberation No. 376 of the State Council of Education of the state and Resolution No. 5843 of the Secretary of State for Education, it was possible to identify a greater concern with access to content, either through technological mediation or printed material and with “supervision” of teachers and students, to the detriment of strengthening aspects relevant to democratic and participatory management. No references to management or direction were found in the documents under analysis, nor ways to consolidate the participation of all actors involved in the teaching-learning process. The absence of dialogicity with all parties led us to a traumatic and exhausting process for everyone involved. Therefore, the need to rethink the pedagogical practices involved in this pandemic period is discussed, based on the difficulties listed by students, families, teachers and managers, in order to consolidate the contribution of all, in a democratic way, even if there is no social interaction between those involved at the time.

THE EFFECT OF PRINCIPALS' MANAGEMENT STYLES ON TEACHERS' PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN OMDURMAN LOCALITY IN SUDAN

The aims of this study to identify the predominant management style practiced by principals in private primary schools in Omdurman locality; to analyse the relationship between management styles and teachers' performance; and to examine the effect of management style practiced by principals on teachers' performance. The study employed survey research designs using a questionnaire. 45 of teachers were selected using simple random sampling. The results indicate that the democratic management style is the predominant style practiced in private primary schools in Omdurman locality. Laissez-faire and autocratic management styles were not practiced by principals in private primary schools in Omdurman locality. The study also revealed that management styles were low and positively correlated with the teachers' performance. Management style had an effect on teachers' performance by the contribution of the democratic management style that caused 25.1% of the variance in the teachers' performance. The study recommended schools principals should be encouraged to continue on democratic management style with taking into account other management styles according to the situation.