Demand For Natural Resources Research Articles

Institutional arrangements in the promotion of sustainable livestock: an approach from the case of beef and dairy cattle production chains in Jalisco, Chiapas, and Campeche

This study focuses on a policy and practice review of existing institutional arrangements within the beef and dairy cattle production sectors in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Chiapas, and Campeche. Acknowledging the critical role of robust governance frameworks in transitioning towards sustainable livestock agriculture, a collaborative governance approach is employed to holistically address environmental and production challenges. This approach underscores the importance of active participation, stakeholder collaboration, and contextual adaptation in decision-making processes. Classified as explanatory research, the study is grounded in a qualitative approach, covering a synchronous period from 2017 to 2022. Secondary sources such as public policies, international climate commitment reports, sector-specific reports, and databases were utilized to provide context and data regarding the analyzed institutional arrangements. Additionally, semi-structured information-gathering protocols were developed and, in conjunction with participant observation, administered to approximately 30 key stakeholders from public, private, academic, research centers, international cooperation, and civil society sectors involved in institutional arrangements in the aforementioned states. The findings highlight the significance of collaborative governance as a valuable alternative for addressing governance challenges in the livestock sector, particularly when hierarchical or market-oriented approaches are less effective. The diversity of identified institutional arrangements, ranging from hierarchical to polyarchic, emphasizes the need to acknowledge the specificities of the context in which they operate and adapt strategies accordingly. This analysis contributes to the growing discussion on sustainable livestock farming and the fundamental role of institutional arrangements in promoting responsible practices and mitigating environmental impacts. As demands for natural resources and environmental awareness increase, understanding and strengthening these arrangements become essential to balance livestock production and environmental conservation.

Solar-driven sugar production directly from CO2 via a customizable electrocatalytic–biocatalytic flow system

Conventional food production is restricted by energy conversion efficiency of natural photosynthesis and demand for natural resources. Solar-driven artificial food synthesis from CO2 provides an intriguing approach to overcome the limitations of natural photosynthesis while promoting carbon-neutral economy, however, it remains very challenging. Here, we report the design of a hybrid electrocatalytic−biocatalytic flow system, coupling photovoltaics-powered electrocatalysis (CO2 to formate) with five-enzyme cascade platform (formate to sugar) engineered via genetic mutation and bioinformatics, which achieves conversion of CO2 to C6 sugar (L-sorbose) with a solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency of 3.5%, outperforming natural photosynthesis by over three-fold. This flow system can in principle be programmed by coupling with diverse enzymes toward production of multifarious food from CO2. This work opens a promising avenue for artificial food synthesis from CO2 under confined environments.

Eco-Patents at the Crossroads Between Technological Neutrality and Environmental Sensitivity

Abstract In a world where global warming and the consequent melting of glaciers seem to have become an irreversible trend, the growing demand for energy and natural resources can be met only if businesses actively foster the green conversion of their strategies and activities. Although primarily devoted to the promotion of technological innovation as such, patent law could play a crucial role in the fight against climate change by favoring those intangibles that are compatible with the environmental imperative. The aim of this paper is to assess the desirability of a patent system that is sensitive and permeable to the need for environmental neutrality as against a system that is neutral to technological innovation. The assessment of this tension is made by focusing on two relevant issues arising in the registration phase: (i) the opportunity to introduce an accelerated procedure for green patents both at the national and at the European level; (ii) the possibility of denying the patentability of highly polluting inventions based on ordre public considerations as well as on other provisions, like Art. 81quinquies of the Italian Intellectual Property Code.

Domination, Collaboration and Conflict in Cabo Delgado's History of Extractivism

A long history of extractive industries and activities have shaped the societies of northern Mozambique, and the Cabo Delgado province in particular. For centuries, the growing international demand on local resources had a great impact on the northern micro-societies. The demand for cheap labour and natural resources, ranging from ivory and cotton, to timber, rubies, land, gas and more, involved thousands of local actors in its extraction, reproducing systems of local power. The persistence of poverty, inequality and conflicts, as well as simmering and sometimes grand-scale violence, fits into a long-term trend of extractivism. Through a historical approach and field observations, we focus on the political economy of extracting natural resources. We point out the persisting basic patterns of extractivism that accompanied Mozambique's integration into global markets, and continued or even deepened, in the post-independence period. These activities are oriented towards foreign markets. They are instigated by foreign investment, but invariably carried out in collaboration with a chain of national gatekeepers. In a clientelist system, local elites resort to their proximity to the state to reproduce their power, often at the expense of state expropriation. Weak state institutions have the functional effect of reproducing the elites, also serving the interests of extractivist capital. It is, however, a system with many and profound contradictions, producing conflict and violence, which also recurrently put those interests at risk.

NEURAL NETWORK BASED ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT IN TURKEY WITH ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

The globe is currently confronted with escalating ecological challenges as a result of the exponential growth of the population, the expansion of industrial activities, the rapid urbanization process, and the heightened levels of consumption. Due to the prevailing ecological issues, there has been an unbridled surge in the demand for natural resources. The emergence of the Ecological Footprint was driven by the observable escalation of environmental degradation, with the primary objective of promoting sustainability. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed for the estimation of ecological footprint. In the first stage, the variables affecting the ecological footprint were determined. It was concluded that there are strong relationships between the independent variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), KOF Globalization Index (KOFGI), and Natural Resource Rent (NRR) and the dependent variable of ecological footprint. In the light of this information, the data of GDP (% annual increase), NRR (% GDP) and KOF Globalization Index and ecological footprint data of Turkey between 1970 and 2016 were used to present the ANN model. Feed-Forward Backprop Method, which is one of the multi-layer network models, was applied in the modeling of the ANN. Levenberg-Marquardt optimization, which updates the weight and bias values of the network, was used as the network training function. The study's results suggest that there was a strong correlation between the whole dataset and the model's accuracy, with a close match of 99.316%. Based on the findings, it can be deduced that the developed artificial neural network (ANN) model has a significant level of precision in forecasting the Ecological Footprint.

Challenges in Implementing Environmental Laws and Policies in India

This study explores the implementation challenges of environmental laws and policies in India. It reveals the difficulties and problems associated with breaking environmental laws and regulations in India. This study's primary goal is to list the several obstacles India must overcome in order to put environmental laws and policies into effect. A review of the literature of this study provides other points and topics that are aimed to be discussed. The importance of maintaining rules, issues for violating the rules, challenges faced during implementation, and strategies that may help mitigate the problems are discussed. Some theories may help to solve the issues. People are surveyed using the primary data collecting approach in order to obtain general data. Primary data is gathered from non-manipulable sources that do not exist. The data was analysed using the primary quantitative research approach. The secondary data were gathered from various books, newspapers, journals, and articles on Google Scholar. Thirteen questions and fifty-five surveys to gather people's opinions have been analysed using the SPSS program. A thorough explanation is dotted with statistical data. The difficulties encountered, parallels and divergences between the findings and the literature study are discussed. Demand for natural resources and food supplies is another effect of overpopulation. Humans must use natural resources in order to satisfy their needs. Amidst all of this, it is also evident that regulations and limits are ineffective because individuals are not abiding by them. Ultimately, it may be said that corruption, overpopulation, ignorance, and poor education are the key reasons for India's difficulties in implementing environmental laws and policies.

Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Casualties Caused by Wildlife Attacks in Peninsular Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: This study examines human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in Peninsular Malaysia, a consequence of human population expansion, natural resource demand, deforestation, resettlement, infrastructure development, urbanization, and agricultural land growth. We analyze HWC incidents and human casualty statistics from wildlife attacks recorded by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, between 2011-2018 and 2008-2019, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected on HWC cases reported to the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia (locally known as PERHILITAN), from 2011 to 2018. This data underwent processing, analysis, and presentation in tables and bar charts. RESULTS: There was an increasing trend in reported HWC cases from 2012 to 2018 (5,602 to 7,967 cases). The majority of these incidents in Peninsular Malaysia involved mammalian species such as the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), elephant (Elephas maximus), civets (Viverridae family), and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), totaling 33,198, 6,614, 3,797, 3,219, and 2,232 cases respectively. Notably, snakes accounted for over 80% of fatalities and injuries. CONCLUSION: This report is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of HWC cases and casualties due to wildlife attacks in Peninsular Malaysia. Our findings highlight the urgent need for policy evaluation and improved inter-agency coordination for effective HWC management, wildlife conservation, and reduction of wildlife attack casualties

Sustainable Green Development: Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies

In the context of global climate change and increasing demand for natural resources, sustainable development requires the introduction of innovative technologies that contribute to the conservation and rational use of water resources. This article aims to examine water-saving irrigation technologies. The efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation system is affected by the wind flow and evaporation. Therefore, the comparison of designed and measured values of discharge from a nozzle and throwing radius of three sprinklers for 6 pressured head were done. Experiment was conducted at Uchxoz district, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan with latitude 69.248903 and longitude 41.037240. The place is 2 ha and experiment were at wheat crop. Irrigation system has been taken from Chirchik river. Sprinkler system installed with 9 to 12 m distances connect with a soil condition and slope. Because of importance of natural conditions, especially wind drift and radiation connect with the evaporation, research was performed at these losses. Furthermore, the calculation of wind drift and evaporation losses based on the observed values was calculated. The measured values of the discharges were lower as the designed one in all cases from 71% to 83%. Furthermore, we can conclude that the smallest differences were observed during the experiment with highest radius with smallest pressure head. The real radius of wetter area was from 80% to 88% of the designed radius by producer. The results showed the need to use the higher number of sprinklers or higher pressure to irrigate the required area.

Анализ уровня экологической компетентности учителей биологии Северо-Казахстанской области

The article presents an analysis of the level of environmental competence of biology teachers in the North Kazakhstan region. The relevance of the research is due to the need to form the environmental competence of teachers in order to achieve sustainable development of society and the economy in education and the transfer of environmental knowledge. The method used was a sociological survey using an Internet resource on the Google platform. As a result of the study, data were obtained that most teachers need to improve their knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of ecology, since this integrative indicator characterizing teachers is considered as a separate component of their professional activity. In turn, it influences the transfer of acquired environmental competencies to students through the implementation of educational activities during biology training. Environmental education should become a universal part of education, first of all, so that every teacher has environmental competence in the face of growing demand for natural resources, taking into account the careful attitude and transfer of clean air, genetic biodiversity and soil fertility to future generations.

Advancement of Concrete by Partially Replacing Cement by Zeolite & Fine Aggregate by Glass Powder

Using glass powder for partially replacing of fine aggregate in concrete helps to reduce the demand for natural resources like sand, promote recycling of glass waste and enhance the overall strength and durability of concrete, it can also improve the thermal and sound insulation properties of concrete. Zeolite is a naturally occurring mineral that can enhance the properties of concrete, and increase its strength and durability. It can also help with reducing the carbon footprint of concrete production. By partially replacing cement with zeolite, we can reduce the amount of cement needed, which in turn reduces the carbon emissions associated with cement production. Zeolite is a type of porous mineral that has unique properties, making it a potential substitute for cement in concrete production. When zeolite is used as supplementary cementitious material, it improves strength and durability of the concrete while reducing its environmental impact. This property helps to improve the workability of the mix and enhance the hydration process of cement. Additionally, zeolite can contribute to the formation of additional cementitious materials, which can further enhance the durability and strength of the concrete. By partially replacing cement with zeolite, we can reduce the overall amount of cement used in concrete production. Manufacturing of cement is a main source of co2 emissions, this reduction can help to mitigate the environmental impact of concrete manufacturing.

The potential nexus between fintech and energy consumption: A new perspective on natural resource consumption

In fintech innovation, conventional financial service limits are exceeded, contributing to regional sustainable development by reducing strain on resources. It is crucial in mitigating the demand for natural resources (e.g., fossil energy consumption), essential for achieving regional sustainability. To investigate this, we examine how fintech influenced fossil energy consumption in 272 cities between 2006 and 2019, using fixed and threshold regression models. The findings underscore that fintech exerts a significant influence in escalating fossil energy consumption and augmenting energy intensity. Notably, the impact of fintech on fossil energy consumption witnesses a distinct hierarchical pattern, with prevalence in the eastern regions surpassing that of the central and western counterparts, and the impact of fintech on energy intensity is more prominent in western China. Fintech stimulates fossil energy consumption in the high-level fintech group while exhibiting insignificance concerning energy intensity in the low-level fintech group. A heightened degree of marketization can moderate fintech's impact on energy consumption and curbing energy intensity. Notably, a threshold in fintech development emerges at 3.466, where lower levels inhibit energy consumption, while levels exceeding 3.466 demonstrate a stimulative effect on energy consumption. The industrial structure is moderating in the nexus between fintech and urban fossil energy consumption, showcasing a threshold value of 0.268. When the industrial structure's developmental level is below this threshold, fintech promotes fossil energy consumption. while levels exceed 0.268 in industrial structure development, fintech facilitates energy conservation by restructuring industries. These findings offer relevant policy recommendations. Our findings can help alleviate resource consumption pressure through fintech and further informing the green and low-carbon transition of cities.

Explore the Design Principles and Prospects of Green Buildings

The construction industry is an important symbol of the development of human civilization and an important part of human social and economic activities. However, with the influence of population growth, accelerated urbanization, and rising living standards, the construction industry is also facing great challenges. On the one hand, the demand and consumption of natural resources in the construction industry are huge, resulting in resource scarcity and waste. On the other hand, the development of the construction industry has caused serious pollution and damage to the environment, leading to problems such as the greenhouse effect, climate change, and biodiversity loss. According to statistics, the global construction industry occupies a lot of energy, water resources, raw materials, and wood, and produces a lot of solid waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and wastewater discharge. Therefore, it is important to investigate, observe, and study the existing literature on the current status of green buildings to derive the development of green buildings.

Performance assessment and cost analysis of slag/metakaolin based rubberized semi-lightweight geopolymers with perlite aggregate: Sustainable reuse of waste tires

Low-carbon binders or industrial waste can reduce or even eliminate the demand for Portland cement and other natural resources, which reduces environmental pollution in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The assessment of the mechanical, durability and microstructural properties of slag/metakaolin based rubberized semi-lightweight geopolymer composites (LWGC) with perlite aggregate (PA) is the main objective of this study. Waste tires aggregates (WTA) was produced from discarded waste tires, another environmental pollutant, and used in LWGC mixtures as substitution for the fine perlite aggregate by 0%, 20%, 45%, and 60% replacement. Metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used as precursors in the synthesis of LWGC. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution was used as activators. Eight mixtures were created; four of them had 100% GBFS, while the other four contained 90% GBFS slag and 10% MK. All eight mixtures were then cured for 5 h at 60 °C and 100 °C. The effects of curing temperature, WTA, and MK on the compressive, flexural strength, physical properties, and sorptivity of the LWGC were examined as well as flowability. The performance of the blends at high temperatures, freeze thaw cycles and sulfate attack was also evaluated. Microstructure analyses of the mixtures were also done using SEM. CO2 emissions and costs of the mixtures were also evaluated. The results showed that inclusion of WTA instead of PA and MK instead of GBFS decreased the flow diameter. Thermal conductivity and dry density of the mixtures also decreased considerably with the addition of WTA. The findings showed that 10%MK incorporated mixture with 60%WTA produced a compressive strength of 25.10 MPa at curing temperatures of 100 °C. The results indicated compressive strength of MK incorporated mixture with 60%WTA increased by 48.10% and 31.20% at heat curing of 60 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The mixture WT60MK0 cured at 100 °C exhibited the best high temperature resistance and the same mixture also presented the best F-T performance regardless of curing temperature. The mixture WT40MK0 cured at 60 °C and the mixture WT60MK10 cured at 100 °C performed the best sulfate resistance.

Performance of Ore Sand as Aggregate for Interlocking Blocks

The search for alternatives that can replace conventional materials extracted from nature is crucial for environmental sustainability. This is especially the case for construction and geotechnical engineering, as this sector is a major consumer of the planet’s natural resources. This paper explores the use of ore sand (OS) tailings with fine aggregate characteristics, which are generated during exploration of iron ore and usually stored in stacks, in terms of their potential for replacing conventional aggregates (gravel, natural sand, and limestone sand) used in interlocking paving blocks for light-traffic pavement. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA, cradle-to-gate) approach was applied for aggregates in interlocking blocks produced using OS compared to blocks produced with conventional aggregates. The OS was able to replace 24wt% of conventional aggregates (100% limestone sand and 13.3% natural sand), while maintaining compressive-strength performance similar to that of the conventional block (35 MPa). For all eleven environmental-impact categories evaluated in the LCA, the block with OS has improved environmental performance compared to the conventional block. Through the creation and use of a scoring indicator (SI), it was possible to determine that the transport distance of the OS is a limiting factor for the environmental efficiency of the alternative block. Nonetheless, the incorporation of OS mitigates the impacts of block production on eutrophication, acidification, fresh water, human toxicity, and abiotic depletion. The use of tailings reduces the demand for natural resources, decreasing the environmental impact of production and promoting sustainable construction practices.

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN VIETNAM: A PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

The projections of UN indicate that by the year 2030, natural resource demand will become threefold as of today. This for sure surpasses existing capacity due to which many countries are facing depletion issue or might face depletion issue in coming years. Realizing this challenge, economies all over the globe are shifting towards circular economy development in order to address the environmental sustainability issue. In Vietnam, economic activities are normally based on the principle of linear economy. However, this traditional approach not only creates shortage of natural resources but also becomes the reason of environmental destruction. Thus, the study is an attempt to find out the harmonious relationship of economic and non-economic determinants with circular economy in the presence of sustainable supply chain management as a moderator. By employing structural equation modelling, findings indicate that circular economy is the right direction as it ensures job security and bring quality education and political stability. Results also confirm that sustainable supply chain management increases the strength of positive relationship of said variables. In the light of the evidences, the paper proposes few suggestions and implications to promote the development of circular economy so that economic growth and environmental quality can be achieved at the same time.

Unraveling the role of Financial Risk, social globalization and Economic Risk towards attaining sustainable environment in China: Does resources curse still holds

In recent empirical studies, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint (EF) have faced criticism due to their limited ability to assess pollution, as they do not account for how nature satisfies biocapacity or ecological needs. The ecological footprint only considers environmental deterioration resulting from human demand for natural resources. To address this limitation, the study adopts the load capacity factor (LF) as a metric to evaluate ecological quality, which covers both the supply and demand aspects of nature. This metric enables a more comprehensive evaluation ecological quality by analysing both EF and biocapacity simultaneously. Thus, the research addresses a gap in the existing literature by using LF to provide a more detailed evaluation of ecological quality. Additionally, this research investigates the role of economic risk, financial risk, natural resources, economic growth, and social globalization on three different ecological proxies (load capacity factor, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint) in China by using the ARDL estimators. Results from the ARDL estimators highlight that economic risk and social globalization boost environmental quality, while natural resources, economic growth, and financial risk mitigate ecological quality in China. From these results, the research proposes essential policy implications for China to attain Sustainable Development Goals 8, 12, 13, and 17.

Natural resource scarcity, fossil fuel energy consumption, and total greenhouse gas emissions in top emitting countries

Natural resource scarcity, fossil fuel energy consumption, and total greenhouse gas emissions are critical issues that require immediate attention. With the global population steadily increasing and economies expanding, the demand for natural resources, particularly fossil fuels, has experienced an unprecedented surge. This surge in consumption is directly linked to the alarming rise in greenhouse gas emissions. The study examines the nexus between agricultural nitrous oxide emissions and natural resource scarcity, taking into account the dynamics of agriculture, forestry, fishing value addition, fossil fuels, and total greenhouse gas emissions in top-emitting countries between 1971 and 2020. Natural resource scarcity positively correlates with agriculture, forestry, fishing, fossil fuel energy consumption, and total greenhouse gas emissions. There is a decrease in natural resource scarcity in countries that emit agricultural nitrous oxide, forestry, fishing emissions, fossil fuel energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Policy-makers may promote sustainable development, mitigate climate change, and ensure the long-term viability of agricultural systems by addressing the dynamics of agriculture, forestry, and fishing value addition in top-emitting countries. Through strategic policy interventions, supported by technology transfer, capacity building, and market-based instruments, the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sector can achieve a more sustainable future while addressing the challenges of natural resource scarcity.

Forecasting China-Africa economic integration using Wavelet-ARIMA hybrid approach

China-Africa economic integration generally looks lucid, as evidenced by rising bilateral trade, as well as Chinese FDI, aid, and debt financing for infrastructure development in Africa. The engagement, however, appears to be strategically channeled to benefit China’s resource endowment strategy. First, Chinese FDI in Africa is primarily resource-seeking, with minimum manufacturing value addition. Second, China has successfully replicated the Angola model in other resource-rich African countries, and most infrastructure loans-for-natural resources barter deals are said to be undervalued. There is also a resource-backed loan arrangement in place, in which default Chinese loans are repaid in natural resources. Third, while China claims that its financial aid is critical to Africa’s growth and development processes, a significant portion of the aid is spent on non-development projects such as building parliaments and government buildings. This lend credence to the notion that China uses aid to gain diplomatic recognition from African leaders, with resource-rich and/or institutionally unstable countries being the most targeted. The preceding arguments support why Africa’s exports to China dominate other China’s financial flows to Africa, and consist mainly of natural resources. Accordingly, this study aims to forecast China-Africa economic integration through the lens of China’s demand for natural resources and Africa’s demand for capital, both of which are reflected in Africa’s exports to China. The study used a MODWT-ARIMA hybrid forecasting technique to account for the short period of available China-Africa bilateral trade dataset (1992–2021), and found that Africa’s exports to China are likely to decline from US$ 119.20 billion in 2022 to US$ 13.68 billion in 2026 on average. This finding coincides with a period in which Chinese demand for Africa’s natural resources is expected to decline.

Государственная политика ресурсосбережения в Российской Федерации

The problems of sustainable development, the development of a resource-saving economy, and a closed-cycle economy are becoming increasingly relevant for the Russian Federation, as a state whose economy accounts for a significant volume of its raw materials sector. The stable state of the extractive industry enterprises, the continuing internal and external demand for natural resources of our country reinforce the need for the formation and implementation of a balanced macro- and meso-economic policy of resource conservation, financial and investment support for extractive and processing enterprises for the implementation of environmental and environmental programs, as well as further development and improvement of economic tools for managing resource conservation processes. The problem of resource conservation is complex and its solution is impossible without the participation of the state and business. The significant role of the regions of Russia and its subjects in solving issues and problems of resource conservation on the ground is also noted. The proposed relevance of the study determined its purpose and objectives, research methods and approaches to its implementation. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific research methods — analysis, synthesis of the information received, interpretation of data. The study uses data from statistical observation of current (operational) environmental protection costs in the Russian Federation, posted on the official website of the Federal Statistics Service. The article presents statistical data on the volume of extraction of raw materials in Germany. The method of economic analysis is logically defined as the main research method. In modern Russian economics, in general, the composition of economic instruments for managing resource-saving processes has been formed. The main economic tool for managing resource-saving processes on the part of the state are government subsidies to the regions of Russia. A significant contribution to protective and environmental measures is also made by business entities, primarily corporate business.

How to pay for ecosystem services

New investments in conservation are needed to halt and reverse the rapid and extensive changes to ecosystems driven by growing human demands for natural resources. A major barrier is matching viable financing solutions to conservation projects. Recent conservation finance studies catalog available financing options but do not provide adequate guidance on which financing pathways are suitable for a particular conservation project. Studies in the natural capital literature identify activities that best serve the conservator's objectives but typically fail to address the question of how to pay for them. We attempt to bridge these literature sources by providing a framework for identifying the specific conditions that must be satisfied by a project in order for an existing financing mechanism to be viable. Notably, our framework quickly reveals financing approaches that can be eliminated. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through conservation case studies on establishment of native forests, coral reef restoration, oyster restoration, and island biosecurity.