Demand Imbalance Research Articles

A Standardized Education Program on Deceased Organ and Tissue Donation for Premedical and Medial Students in Korea.

As the imbalance in organ demand and supply is getting worse, <1000 patients waiting for organ transplants die each year in South Korea. To enhance positive attitudes to deceased organ-tissue donation through systematic education, we developed an educational program with delivery pathways for premedical and medical students. Online and offline self-learning educational materials on deceased organ-tissue donation were generated and posted on the Vitallink Academy YouTube site. Thirty-two pre- and 15 posteducation questionnaires were developed using a web-based survey platform, and conducted before and immediately after the education process. The education proceeded in 3 steps: (1) group study sessions on selected topics, (2) poster submissions by each group and the selection of excellent poster by the organizing committee, and (3) excellent poster presentation and questions and answers. A total of 141 students in the first year of premedical classes at the Seoul National University College of Medicine participated in this program. Only 24.2% of responders agreed that anyone who was diagnosed with brain death should donate. The proportion of students with positive attitudes toward organ-tissue donation increased from 74.7% to 97.7% (P < 0.001) with our education. Likewise, interest in deceased organ-tissue donation-related issues increased from 33.3% to 84.9% (P < 0.001). The expressed willingness for organ-tissue donation also increased from 76.8% to 96.5% (P < 0.001). The proportion of accepting brain death as the determination of death increased from 61.6% to 89.5% (P < 0.001). Moreover, 81.4% changed their approach and planned to register with an organ donor card. In this study, significant improvements were observed in knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward organ-tissue donation with our newly developed co-participatory education program for premedical students. Hence, target-specific education can be regarded as a valuable approach to enhancing public awareness of deceased organ-tissue donation.

Incentive Mechanism for Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Routing Using Secure Multi-Party Computation and Blockchain.

Traffic congestion results from the spatio-temporal imbalance of demand and supply. With the advances in connected technologies, incentive mechanisms for collaborative routing have the potential to provide behavior-consistent solutions to traffic congestion. However, such mechanisms raise privacy concerns due to their information-sharing and execution-validation procedures. This study leverages secure Multi-party Computation (MPC) and blockchain technologies to propose a privacy-preserving incentive mechanism for collaborative routing in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) context, which consists of a collaborative routing scheme and a route validation scheme. In the collaborative routing scheme, sensitive information is shared through an off-chain MPC protocol for route updating and incentive computation. The incentives are then temporarily frozen in a series of cascading multi-signature wallets in case vehicles behave dishonestly or roadside units (RSUs) are hacked. The route validation scheme requires vehicles to create position proofs at checkpoints along their selected routes with the assistance of witness vehicles using an off-chain threshold signature protocol. RSUs will validate the position proofs, store them on the blockchain, and unfreeze the associated incentives. The privacy and security analysis illustrates the scheme's efficacy. Numerical studies reveal that the proposed incentive mechanism with tuned parameters is both efficient and implementable.

MIGRATION POLICY DIRECTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR FOREIGN SKILLED WORKERS: SUPRANATIONAL LEVEL

The innovative development of the economies of the European Union continuously increases the demand for skilled professionals, which cannot be met solely through internal labor resources (intra-European mobility). In this regard, labor migration, particularly the stimulation of the influx of foreign skilled workers, plays a vital role in addressing the imbalance of supply and demand in the European labor market. This article examines the migration policy instruments of the European Union, applied at the supranational level and aimed at mitigating the imbalance between the growing demand for skilled professionals and the limited supply in the regional labor market. It argues that the overall vector of the EU's migration policy, as an integration union, is oriented towards attracting and accumulating potential (foreign students, interns, doctoral candidates) and actual skilled professionals within its territory, in line with the current and future needs of the European labor market, thereby contributing to the achievement of the strategic goals of the social, economic, and innovative development of the EU.

Analysis of Affecting Variables Actual Inflation Rate at Indonesia

The discussion in this empirical study is to find out what variables can influence the achievement of the actual inflation rate variable in Indonesia in the last ten years. The writer considers that achieving the actual inflation rate targeted by a Central Bank is not simply related to supply and demand imbalances for primary goods alone, but more broadly than that related to dynamic micro and macroeconomic conditions. The writer initially suspected that variables such as the inflation target rate, previous inflation rate, loan interest rate, and gross domestic product had a significant influence on fluctuations in the actual inflation rate in Indonesia. After statistical tests were carried out using the secondary data in the form of the rates of the four independent variables and the actual inflation rate in Indonesia as the dependent variable every year for the last ten years it’s found that only the loan interest rate had a significant and positive effect on the actual inflation rate in Indonesia. which means that the higher the loan interest rate will also increase the actual inflation rate. The three other variables tested in this empirical study, namely the inflation target rate, the previous inflation rate, and the gross domestic product rate, did not have a significant effect.

From Barter to Market: an Agent-Based Model of Prehistoric Market Development

Despite interest in preindustrial markets, archaeological discussions have largely been limited to proposing methods to determine the presence or absence of market exchange in ancient societies. While these contributions are important, methodological limitations have prevented theoretical considerations of the emergence and evolution of marketplaces and market exchange in prehistory. We propose that agent-based modeling provides a window to explore physical conditions and agent behaviors that facilitate the emergence of customary exchange locations and how such locations may evolve into socially embedded institutions. The model we designed suggests that simple bartering rules among agents can generate concentrated locations of exchange and that spatial heterogeneity of resources is the most important factor in facilitating the emergence of such locales. Furthermore, partner-search behaviors and exchange of information play a key role in the institutionalization of the marketplace. The results of our simulation suggest that marketplaces can develop, even with the absence of formalized currency or central planning, as a consequence of collective strategies taken up by agents to reduce exchange partner-search costs and make transactions more frequent and predictable. The model also suggests that, once established as a social institution, marketplaces may become highly conservative and resistant to change. As such, it is inferred that bottom-up and/or top-down interventions may have often been required to establish new marketplaces or relocate marketplaces to incorporate new resources, resolve supply–demand imbalances, or minimize rising economic costs that arise as a result of social, political, and economic change.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ И РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЮ ДИСБАЛАНСА СПРОСА И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ КАДРОВ НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ РЫНКАХ ТРУДА

The article presents a methodological approach to assessing and regulating the imbalance of demand and supply of professional personnel in regional labor markets. The author's methodology for assessing imbalances in professional personnel consists of four stages. In the first stage, the degree of regional differentiation is assessed according to the criteria of sectoral structural changes in employment and production based on indicators of regional asymmetry of structural changes, the quadratic coefficient of absolute structural changes, the integral coefficients of structural differences by K. Gatev, A. Salai, the V.M. Ryabtseva. In addition, the paper determines the dominant type of imbalance in the supply and demand of professional personnel (in the context of higher vocational training, secondary vocational training, nongovernmental education) in regional labor markets, it also classifies the subjects of the Russian Federation according to this criterion and identifies the differences in regional situations. The second stage is to assess the dynamic characteristics of the imbalance of professional personnel based on indicators of demand and supply volatility. The volatility of the types of imbalances in demand and supply of professional personnel is determined (in the context of higher vocational education, secondary vocational education, nongovernmental education), and an assessment and differentiation of regional situations is made based on the variability of imbalances. The third stage consists of assessing the determinants of the imbalance of professional personnel in regional labor markets. Based on groups of indicators that induce spatial differences in situations of imbalance in demand and supply of professional personnel in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, these differences are identified, grouped by the dominant type of imbalance, according to the most significant factors (based on the tools of regression models). The contribution of each factor is determined. The fourth stage is to develop monitoring and tools for regulating regional labor markets in accordance with the type, dynamic characteristics and determinants of the imbalance of professional personnel.

ДЕФИЦИТ РАБОТНИКОВ В НОВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The subject of the study is the state and prospects of the shortage of workers in the Russian labor market. The purpose of the paper is to analyze possible reasons for the imbalance of supply and demand of labor and assess measures taken by the state and businesses to address them. The relevance of the study is due to statistical indicators of the shortage of qualified personnel. The scientific novelty lies in the author's assessment of various factors influencing labor shortage and measures to mitigate them. The research methods are analysis, systematization, synthesis, induction, deduction, and modeling. The study results concluded that the main factors in reducing the labor shortage were increasing wages and labor productivity, and the compliance of education and training systems with market requirements. The measures taken by the state and businesses to reduce the labor shortage, and the problems of monitoring labor market indicators, are also considered. The author's assessments may be of practical interest when developing business strategies and state labor policies.

The Problem with Healthcare is ‘Disconnection’

The U.S. healthcare system is an ongoing failure: care is increasingly unaffordable, and doctors are harder, sometimes impossible, to find. Over the past half century, the federal government has passed innumerable regulatory “fixes” for healthcare which have not only failed – they have backfired, badly. Washington has expended trillions of taxpayer dollars and succeeded in making medical care less accessible. Systems theory, a novel approach to healthcare, was applied for economic analysis of the healthcare market. It revealed a cure for our sick system. U.S. healthcare is a centrally controlled, not a free, marketplace. Therefore, it lacks the free-market forces that normally balance supply and demand. In a centrally controlled market like healthcare, buyer and seller are disconnected by the federal government, which acts as the third-party payer and decision-maker. The resulting imbalance of supply and demand, created by disconnection, causes the unaffordability and inaccessibility of care. A program called Empower Patients is the cure, a permanent, effective solution. It reconnects buyer (patient) with seller (provider) removing the third-party government as decision-maker. When patients are in control of their own money and their own destiny, medical care in the U.S. will become high quality, readily accessible, timely, and affordable.

Новое качество российской экономики: стратегия и тактика

In 2024, Russia is entering a new electoral cycle, which involves both the formation of new development goals and certain shifts in economic policy. The new Presidential Decree on national development goals sets the general framework for the country's development for the next six years. It contains about 70 development goals, most of which are quantitative, which forms a new framework for both making management decisions and monitoring their implementation. The Russian expert community and academic economics should provide analytical support for decision-making on the implementation of national development goals. The most difficult and in-demand task is scientific and technological forecasting, which combines an understanding of the essence of a number of scientific solutions and an assessment of the economic efficiency of their implementation. There is a direct link between technological shifts and the level of labor productivity, which is the most important response to the challenges associated with changes in the labor market. The issues of structural imbalances of supply and demand and the impact of tax innovations on them are also the place where the intellectual efforts of the expert community and the Russian economic academic science are applied.

Market Analysis and Response Strategy Research on the Imbalance of Supply and Demand of International Talents in Leisure Sports

Market Analysis and Response Strategy Research on the Imbalance of Supply and Demand of International Talents in Leisure Sports

Uticaj veličine grada na gubitke na startu na signalisanim raskrsnicama

In recent years, the degree of motorization and transport work have been expanding, while the development of infrastructure, road and street networks, has not followed their growth. Such an approach leads to an increasingly frequent imbalance of traffic demand and capacity, that is, to a state of the traffic system in which the existing network is not able to respond to all requests made by users. The paper analyzes the influence of the size of the city on start-up lost time at signalized intersections. Investigations were conducted for traffic lanes right at two signalized intersections, in Smederevska Palanka and Belgrade. The research results indicate that the loss values are higher by 2.78 seconds in Smederevska Palanka.

Examining the Behavior of Maize Productivity and Harvest Land to Enhance Maize Production: a System Dynamics Framework

Food security remains a critical concern in Indonesia, prompting the need for adequate food availability nationwide. Maize, as a prominent staple crop, faces demand imbalances across the country. To address this issue, a system dynamics model is developed to analyze the dynamics of maize supply and demand in East Java. The model captures the non-linear and dynamic relationships inherent in maize production and consumption. Through a rigorous research methodology, this study presents a comprehensive system dynamics model that depicts the current state and dynamics of maize supply. The key findings shed light on the factors influencing maize availability in East Java and provide insights for policymakers to enhance food security. By utilizing a systems approach, this research contributes to the understanding of maize supply dynamics and supports the development of strategies to ensure sufficient food supply in the region.

Joint Peak Shaving Mechanism of Pipeline Gas Storage: Case Study of West-East Gas Pipeline

Demand imbalance owing to gas supply is considered in the context of a surge in natural gas demand. Currently, a single method of storing gas at the end of a pipeline is commonly used to alleviate the peak shaving pressure. This method is economical, convenient, and able to respond quickly to fluctuations in user gas demand. However, because of its limited gas storage capacity, gas storage for peak shaving is still considered when the demand for peak shaving is high. With the increasing demand for natural gas inclined towards residential life, it is difficult to achieve a relative balance between the supply and demand of natural gas solely by relying on traditional pipeline-end storage and peak shaving. Based on this, a “pipeline gas storage integration” peak-shaving model is constructed. Furthermore, the model is combined with real-time analysis of the required peak-shaving amount of the pipeline to achieve synergistic effects of multiple peak-shaving methods. The established model is used to study the collaborative peak-shaving mechanism between pipelines and gas storage facilities under different supply and demand conditions. In addition, a quantitative relationship between the optimal economic benefits and different peak-shaving methods is constructed using the model. A peak-shaving mechanism of gas transmission considering different uniformity coefficients is also studied. Considering the case of the Jiangsu section of the West-East Gas Pipeline for simulation analysis, we reasonably plan the capacity and layout of gas storage facilities, optimize the peak shaving capacity of pipelines and gas storage facilities, and provide specific measures and guidance for actual engineering. Furthermore, we improve the efficiency and flexibility of the natural gas supply chain and achieve maximum economic benefits.

Pricing competition in maritime transportation with blockchain technology and empty container repositioning

A duopoly maritime transportation system with two ocean carriers providing cargo transport services between two sea ports is investigated in this paper. Pricing game models are developed to describe the competitive relationship between the two ocean carriers with/without blockchain adoption. Empty container repositioning is characterized in the models. Through model analysis, the pricing equilibria are derived. Using theoretical analysis and numerical studies, we find that (1) only when the fixed cost of blockchain is low do carriers adopt blockchain technology; (2) regardless of whether or not the competitor adopts blockchain technology, the carrier is better off by adopting it; (3) when both participants choose to adopt blockchain technology, the impact of blockchain on actual demand is not always positive unless the original operational costs are relatively high; and (4) sometimes, empty containers caused by demand imbalance in the two transportation directions are helpful in increasing the carrier’s profit.

Macroeconomic imbalances of the formation of the public debt of Ukraine under the conditions of martial state

The article examines theoretical-methodical and applied aspects, the justification of management decisions in solving existing problems related to modern macroeconomic imbalances in the formation and maintenance of the national debt of Ukraine in the post-pandemic period and under martial law. The peculiarities of the formation and growth of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. In order to develop recommendations for minimizing the negative impact of the risks of the growth of the national debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, the author’s definition of the concept of «macroeconomic imbalance» was formulated, under which it is proposed to understand a certain imbalance or imbalance between various economic indicators on the scale of the entire national economy, and its types are also defined (budgetary, trade, consumer demand, investment and financial imbalances). It has been established that the main reasons for the significant imbalance of revenues and expenses in the budget of Ukraine are the irrational use of budget funds, economic instability, the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the presence of certain shortcomings in the legislative base, and the growth of the state debt. Indicators of macroeconomic development and their influence on the formation and servicing of the state debt and the economic security of Ukraine are determined. The main principles of ensuring the management and regulation of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law due to the observance of the doctrine of internal debt are substantiated; financial provision of the state’s needs in terms of provision of expenditures on the country’s defense capability, their economic feasibility and coordination with monetary and fiscal policy. It has been proven that the formation of the national debt can have different consequences for both the country and the population, in this regard, the factors of negative influence have been identified and the risks associated with the formation and growth of the national debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law for the country have been structured. as a whole and for the population. A program of specific measures to minimize the negative impact on the formation of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law is proposed.

Parking choice behavior analysis of rural residents based on latent variable random forest model

ABSTRACT The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers. However, most of the current research on parking choice mainly focuses on urban business and residential areas, lacks research on rural parking choice behavior, and focuses on the analysis of observable factors, ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables. Based on this, this study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’ willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables, to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’ parking choices, and to explore parking planning programs and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas. The results of the study suggest that safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents, and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model. Upon comparison, it is found that the application of the random forest algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect, indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents and that the random forest model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behavior of rural residents.

Sex Differences in Coronary Artery Disease Characteristics Among Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction

BackgroundType 2 myocardial infarction (MI) results from coronary supply and demand imbalance and has a poor prognosis. It is crucial to identify potential sex-based differences in the prevalence and nature of coronary artery disease (CAD) within this population. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-based disease differences in type 2 MI among patients evaluated with coronary computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve. MethodsIn a single-center, prospective study, patients with strictly adjudicated type 2 MI underwent coronary computed tomography angiography with fractional flow reserve. ResultsAmong 50 study participants enrolled, 50% were women. A similar mix of MI precipitants was present in both sexes. ST-segment depression was more common in women (64% vs 32%), while men were more likely to have T wave inversion (68% vs 36%). Women and men had comparable coronary artery calcium scores (median: 152 [Q1, Q3: 45, 762] vs 234 [Q1, Q3: 56, 422]). Prevalence of any CAD (84% vs 100%), obstructive CAD (24% vs 28%), and hemodynamically significant focal stenosis (20% vs 32%) were similar between sexes. Total plaque volume was similar between sexes, but women had significantly lower levels of low-attenuation plaque (median: 3 [Q1, Q3: 1, 7] vs 9 [Q1, Q3: 3, 14]). ConclusionsAmong patients with type 2 MI, prevalence of any CAD and obstructive CAD did not differ according to sex. Total plaque volume was similar between sexes, but women had a lower volume of low-attenuation plaque (DEFINing the PrEvalence and Characteristics of Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients With TYPE 2 Myocardial Infarction Using CT-FFR [DEFINE TYPE2MI]; NCT04864119)

Demand Prediction of Shared Bicycles Based on Graph Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit-Attention Mechanism

Shared bicycles provide a green, environmentally friendly, and healthy mode of transportation that effectively addresses the “final mile” problem in urban travel. However, the uneven distribution of bicycles and the imbalance of user demand can significantly impact user experience and bicycle usage efficiency, which makes it necessary to predict bicycle demand. In this paper, we propose a novel shared-bicycle demand prediction method based on station clustering. First, to address the challenge of capturing patterns in station-level bicycle demand, which exhibits significant fluctuations, we employ a clustering method that combines graph information from the bicycle transfer graph and potential energy. This method aggregates closely related stations into corresponding prediction regions. Second, we use the GCN-CRU-AM (Graph Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit-Attention Mechanism) model to predict bicycle demand in each region. This model extracts the spatial information and correlation between regions, integrates time feature data and local weather data, and assigns weights to the input features. Finally, experimental results based on the data from Citi Bike System in New York City demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a more accurate demand prediction.

Penerapan Digital Marketing Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran UMKM Studi Kasus Batik Tedjo

Digital marketing has changed MSME players to continue to develop their business so that they are not left behind and are able to utilize this digital media, as an effort to market their products so that consumers are more familiar with the products produced by these MSMEs. Batik Tedjo is one of the MSMEs that plays a role in preserving written batik, which is one of the cultural heritages of the Indonesian nation. This study aims to determine how Batik Tedjo SMEs implement digital marketing and whether the implementation of digital marketing has obstacles. The problems faced by Batik Tedjo MSME players in implementing digital marketing show that there are problems in the form of a lack of understanding of social media operators at Batik Tedjo and the imbalance of consumer demand with human resources or a very minimal number of employees in managing Batik products which are quite a lot every month, reaching 200-300 pcs. The sample used in this study is the UMKM actor Father Tedi Sumantri Almargono, S.Pd. The results obtained from this study are digital-based marketing strategies carried out by Batik Tedjo to market its products using digital marketing. Its use is to post batik on social media such as Tiktok, Instagram, and Whatsapp. Making it easier for consumers to buy and get information about Batik Tedjo is through social media. Based on the analysis and results of the discussion, he

Identification and assessment of supply chain risks: The case of food hubs

AbstractThe supply chain risk management literature highlights the importance of ex‐ante identification and assessment of risks to ensure continuity of firms, in particular, and the high performance of supply chains in which they operate, in general. Supply chain disruptions are harmful and costly for firms. The risk of such disruptions can be particularly consequential for firms in emerging industries that lack resources and for which dominant organizational and supply chain designs do not yet exist. Within local and regional food supply chains, food hubs are nascent enterprises coordinating these supply chains. Building off the existing supply chain risk management literature, this study identifies and assesses the perceived supply chain risks faced by U.S. food hubs. The study employs an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design and the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis methodology for this purpose. The results show risks related to imbalances in food supply and demand, logistical delays, human resources, and infrastructure capacity limitations were perceived to be the highest priority supply chain risks for the U.S. food hubs before the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study further provides insights on association between food hub characteristics and risk, as well as association between risk preferences and risk perceptions of food hub managers [EconLit Citations: L29 Other (Firm Supply Chain Risk Management)].