Delegation Of Authority Research Articles

СУЧАСНИЙ ЛІДЕР У СТРУКТУРІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article analyzes the complex of leadership formation as a factor in the effectiveness of public administration, in particular in personal and corporate aspects, with the involvement of organizational, educational, psychological, regulatory and legal components. The views of scientists on the phenomenon of leadership in the field of management in general and public administration in particular are considered. The peculiarities of leadership as a social and psychological phenomenon are clarified with the analysis of personal charisma as a means of influencing a team of subordinates, relations in the dichotomy « leader – subordinate » , in particular, a comparison of the concepts of « management » and « leadership » is provided. The types of a modern leader in Ukraine are given with the definition of his negative traits, interpreted as a legacy from the totalitarian and authoritarian past, and positive, which should form a democratic leader, the basis of which is a partnership attitude towards subordinates. It is noted that the concept of « subordinate » is a component in the dichotomy with the concept of « leader » , and the concept of « leader » corresponds to « follower » , that is, a partner and like-minded person. The ways of reforming public administration in the field of management and leadership are indicated and analyzed, in particular benchmarking as taking into account the best practices; de-bureaucratization as a means of creating an atmosphere of openness in the management system; delegation of authority and subsidiarity as a means of implementing partnerships in a team; monitoring as an analytical tool for monitoring the performance of a public administration institution; selection of appropriate personnel as an increase in attention to public service personnel, as well as their training. The conclusion is made about the predetermination of the effectiveness of public management of the leader's leadership qualities, its positive influence on subordinates due to personal charisma and a partnership management strategy based both on his innate qualities and on those acquired during training and advanced training. Key words: public administration, leadership, charisma, dichotomy «leader – subordinate», reforming public service

Analysis of government expenditure and environmental quality: an empirical study using provincial data levels in Indonesia

The improvement of environmental quality is expected to increase along with the delegation of financial management authority to regional governments by the decentralization policy. The policy is expected to affect the handling of environmental problems in the regions. This study analyzes the influence of regional government expenditure variables and aggregate economie output variables at the regional level on environmental quality. This study uses cross-section data of 33 provinces in Indonesia in the period 2013-2018. Empirical studies were analyzed using panel data regression models. The results show that government expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index. The economie aggregate output variable has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index in Indonesia. This may imply that a rise in the quality of Indonesia’s environment is indicated by economie growth through a surge in aggregate economie output.

Are There Any Inherently Public Functions for International Law?

In “Are There ‘Inherently Sovereign Functions’ in International Law?”, Frédéric Mégret provides a deeply insightful reflection on “the essence of the state” from the point of view of international law, outlining a theory about the inherently sovereign functions in international law. He carefully identifies existing norms of international law that articulate certain public functions to be performed solely by the state rather than delegating them to private actors. Mégret offers functional and intrinsic rationales, suggesting that individuals have a right to benefit from certain public functions exercised by state authority, such as legislation and adjudication, what perhaps could be termed “the human right to the state.” In this essay, I suggest that it is indeed possible to derive such demands from the requirements of stable and sustainable governance that are embedded in the concept of sovereign responsibility, as well as from the rights associated with democracy and self-determination. I further argue that Mégret's inquiry can and must be extended also to explore the other side of the coin: the role of international law in facilitating (and possibly limiting) the delegation of public authority to unaccountable international organizations and other global governance bodies.

Impacts of Centralization on the Performance of Local Governance in Afghanistan; A Survey in Nangarhar Province

During the 18th century, Ahmad Shah Durrani has governed Afghanistan based on the devolution of some powers to the local religious people for the implementation of his kingship orders in the local area. From 1919 till the adoption of the 2004 constitution and the Hamid Karzai’s administration the authority of decision making is exercised by the central government in accordance to the provision of law, the provisions of law is not clearly enumerating the delegation and devolution of power but in practice there are lots of the affairs which taking place from the bottom at administration to the top level in the central government. This study is conducted to identify the Impacts of Centralization on Local Governance in Afghanistan, study of the structure of government and its impacts keep me more interested to find out about centralization and local administration and its challenges in the Afghanistan’s current political, economic, social and security situations. The research will also explore the legal framework of authority and its delegation in the constitutional context. This research survey determines the nature, magnitude, and sensitivity of centralization and decentralization, addressing the Social, Political, Economic and Cultural issues in Afghanistan which are identified in the assessment of research findings, and recommend measures for the development of Delegation, Devolution and Deconcentration of authority to local units.

Delegation of public authority to the payment operator using the example of aviation payments

Continuing the discussion around the constitutional problems posed by the introduction of new non-tax payments and private entities levying the corresponding payments, the payment operators are considered in the context of the respective payments. The author concludes that the considered example of the delegation of public powers to private entities – payment operators exists with constitutionally significant restrictions determined by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

Nondelegation Step Zero

The nondelegation doctrine, as a matter of both precedent and logic, properly distinguishes between delegations to administrative agencies and delegations to the President, imposing more vigorous scrutiny on the latter. The nondelegation doctrine vindicates the Article I Vesting Clause by preventing Congress from being divested of the legislative power. Its purpose is to reinforce Congress’s legislative supremacy in the realm of ordinary law, not to impede Congress’s ability to achieve legislative objectives by delegating regulatory authority to administrative agencies. At the same time, the nondelegation doctrine has a valuable role to play in constraining the delegation of broad powers to the President directly, a constraint that encourages delegation of regulatory authority to administrative agencies. The diffuse structure of the modern administrative state is a testament to the great success of the nondelegation doctrine, not evidence of its underenforcement. Indeed, the contemporary push to reinvent the nondelegation doctrine in an indiscriminate way would turn it into something closer to its opposite.

How Liberty Dies in a Galaxy Far, Far Away: Star Wars, Democratic Decay, and Weak Executives

In this article we argue that the story of Star Wars has much to tell us about perennial questions of constitutional design. The series offers a rich cinematic exploration of some of the most pressing real-life issues of politics and constitutionalism and is, we suggest, a fruitful source of insight for issues of constitutional design and regulation. This article proceeds in three parts. In Part I, we sketch the political context which grounds our analysis, tracing the key constitutional institutions of the Galactic Republic, and their rapid decline and fall as documented across the prequel trilogy. In Part II, we outline the existing contributions commentators have made in respect of Star Wars and its lessons for constitutional design and regulation—the problem with the concentration of government power in one person and the risks posed to political systems by excessive delegation of authority to the executive branch. We then introduce three more nuanced lessons that we think the films offer: the ‘Publius paradox’; the hollowness of legalism; and the dangers of confusion at the apex of power. In Part III, with detailed analysis of the films, we show how the Star Wars saga clearly illustrates these lessons: that a constitutionally weak executive, rather than a strong one, can be a cause of democratic decay and autocracy, as it proves incapable of meeting the demands of governance; that commitment to and obsession with law is not per se any bulwark against autocracy; and that unclear lines of constitutional authority pose a huge risk at times of strain and crisis. We argue that the constitutional problem Star Wars illustrates is more subtle and more important than the dominant accounts suggest: that under concentration of power creates the risk of overconcentration of power. If we fear the decay of democracy into autocracy and wish to respond to it, we must be careful not to excessively limit or diffuse power. If we do, and begin to see constitutionalism as solely or primarily a means of restraining government, we may limit government so much that we cause the very problem we seek to prevent.

УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ В СИСТЕМІ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The paper considers the theoretical aspects of management control in the management system of the enterprise, analyzes the disadvantages and advantages of management control. It is defined that management control is seen as a means of collecting and using information to assist and coordinate the planning and control decision-making process throughout the organization, and is used to manage the behavior of its managers and employees. The main functions of management control are presented and it is determined that thanks to such a function of management control as feedback, managers can get information about the process of the task and the moral and physical condition of employees, also identified three main types. The most common paradigms of managerial control are highlighted: 1. Red paradigm of managerial control – Constant demonstration of power by the leader in order to keep subordinates in subjection. The organization is held together by fear. Has a quick response, focused on short-term goals. Thrive in chaotic environments. 2. yellow paradigm of management control - High formalization of roles within the pyramid. Management and control is carried out from top to bottom (what to do and how to do it). Stability is valued above all and maintained through strict implementation of processes. The future is seen as a repetition of the past. 3. Orange paradigm of management control – overcoming competition, achieving profit and growth. Innovation is the key to staying ahead. Managementby goals (management and control over what to do; freedom in how exactly to do). 4. Green paradigm of management control – within the traditional pyramid structure focus on the delegation of authority to motivate employees. The advantages and disadvantages of using these paradigms are analyzed and the analysis of the use of corporate culture in the system of management control is made. The effect of worker productivity in organizations with different management is determined and the results of the analysis of each paradigm are presented.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К УКРУПНЕНИЮ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ЧЕРЕПОВЕЦКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The reform of local self-government in Russia, initiated in 2003, led to the creation of a large number of municipalities, a comprehensive analysis of which showed that they are heterogeneous neither in terms of socio-economic development nor in terms of their own income security. Such a territorial change did not take into account many factors, and as a result, a large number of economically and financially insolvent territories were formed. Currently, there is a tendency to reduce the number of municipalities, in this regard, studies on the possibility of implementing measures to consolidate them are relevant. As a social institution, local self-government helps to find the optimal combination of the interests of the state with the interests of the municipality. The article reveals innovative organizational and managerial approaches to the consolidation of municipalities, which consist in the application of the institutionalization of the system of managerial relations, which includes the regulatory support of the process of local self-government, the system of regulation in the field of municipal relations, SWOT analysis of the process of consolidation of municipalities, etc. The development of inter-budgetary relations actualizes the problem of including local self-government in the system of federal relations, since the delegation of authority to manage settlements allows creating a system of financial and economic interaction between different levels of authorities. The prospects, opportunities and problems of creating the Cherepovets municipal district are identified. Based on the analysis of socio-economic data of the Cherepovets district of the Vologda region, the positive aspects of creating a municipal district are justified: increasing budget revenues by stopping the payment of “negative transfer”, optimizing the management apparatus of settlement administrations, effectively solving local problems, a unified approach to tax policy, optimizing costs by centralizing purchases, etc. There are also negative aspects of the transformation of the district into a district, which include: problems with the employment of municipal service settlements, the “remoteness” of the authorities from the population, the unsettled regulatory framework at the federal level.

The impact of lending availability and conditions for SMEs on the global development of venture financing systems

Research background: The current situation, which caused global economy recession, has shown that all participants of the venture capital market are not ready for such occasions. Small and medium-sized businesses found themselves in a in a pickle that completely limited the ability to conduct business in most sectors of the economy and venture investors had to urgently reassess their capabilities and their requirements for investment objects. Different events have been constantly influencing the venture financing system to change and develop during decades of its existence. The most important changes are happening today in new world order dictated by COVID-19. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of venture financing, find out how VC is related to the ICT development in European countries, compare VC to other lending mechanisms for SMEs and assume how the global venture industry may be changed by global isolation. Methods: The ARDL model for panel data is used to assess the impact of ICT developments on VC. Comparative and statistical analysis of available datasets on financing mechanisms is conducted. Findings & Value Added: The results show that the increase in value-added in the ICT sector is driving the growth of venture capital in leading countries in terms of innovation activity. Venture capital will be forced to transform towards globalization and centralization, but with the delegation of authority to local representatives, through new communication forms. Countries with high ICT development may be more attractive for venture financing.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the processes of digitalization of the economy and features of digital transformation of small and medium-sized businesses. It is established that along with the significant advantages of implementing digital changes by small and medium-sized businesses related to optimizing business processes, improving communication with partners, customers and employees, increasing transparency of business processes and economic information, activating innovative activities of business entities and developing modern information infrastructure, you should pay attention to the significant challenges of digitalization caused by increasing dependence on digital technologies, delegation of authority to digital systems and loss of value of personnel's intellectual resources, reduced security of confidential information and cyber threats, increased reputational, environmental and social threats. The latter requires the use of effective tools for identifying and managing risks and threats of digital transformation of socio-economic systems in order to fully achieve the expected positive effects of the digital economy. It is established that in such conditions, it is economic security that is the key characteristic for stable functioning and achieving the necessary development indicators for both individual business entities and the economy as a whole. It is noted that in general, the economic security of an enterprise is formed under the condition of the most rational and efficient use of resources that ensure high results of activity and functioning of the enterprise at a stable level. To ensure the economic security of the enterprise at a high level, a systematic approach is considered the most effective, which implies the need to take into account all the features, conditions and factors of business development. The expediency of forming a system for ensuring economic security of small and medium-sized businesses and a mechanism for its implementation is proved. The key goals, objectives and subsystems of ensuring economic security of small and medium-sized businesses are highlighted and a list of promising tools for implementing them to ensure their sustainable growth is given.

Foreign experience of leadership development for Ukraine (on the example of Germany and Poland)

At the current stage of Ukrainian state integration into European community, country leaders face new challenges that require improving efficiency of public management and public administration based on democracy and human-centeredness. Urgency of public leadership development in Ukraine is closely related to the foreign countries’ experience study on the mechanisms of formation and development of public leadership, characterized by a high level of moral values, responsibility, communication, modesty. The new management paradigm, being introduced in public administration and public management in Ukraine, also requires introduction of new qualities in public leadership, manifested through establishment of moral values in the leader's personality, leader’s behavior in public service reform. According to the author, such qualities of leadership as delegation of powers in public authorities, intersectoral cooperation in public administration determine development of leadership in the context of educational trends in foreign countries. The article reveals priority models of public leadership of Western European countries as a prerequisite for formation of successful personality, successful leadership qualities, the trend of which is such an important factor as publicity, because before the 90s of the twentieth century not all government officials in European countries were public.The author of the article proposes to consider the features of the development of public leadership in Germany and Poland. Leadership qualities such as the ability to educate themselves, delegation of authority, transparent (transparency, openness and activation) and transformational cooperation. They determine a new style of leadership development in Western European countries, which will be useful for implementation in Ukraine. Therefore, the relevance of the article is beyond doubt.

Position of Land Deed Making Official (PPAT) in Bevoegdheid Bestuurs Perspective in Cirebon Regency

The research objective was to identify and describe: 1) Position of Land Deed Making Official (PPAT) in the perspective of Bevoegdheid Bestuurs. 2).The weaknesses of the position of the Land Deed Making Official (PPAT) from the perspective of Bevoegdheid Bestuurs. 3).The administrative responsibility of the Land Deed Making Official (PPAT) for deeds that are legally flawed from a Bevoegdheid Bestuurs perspective. The approach method used in this research is normative juridical.This type of research is classified as a descriptive analytical research. The data collection technique used literature study techniques, while the data analysis was descriptive qualitative analytical. The results show that 1. Basically the delegation of part of the authority to carry out land registration is one form of implementing the Bevoegdheid guidelines. Where the Bevoegdheid guideline referred to is the public authority or authority possessed by BPN as government. Thus it can be said that the PPAT obtained delegation authority from BPN. It is said to have obtained delegation authority because the position of BPN as a government agency is higher than that of PPAT. 2. Weaknesses arising from the position of PPAT in the perspective of Bevoegdheid bestuur is the occurrence of maladministration as a form of abuse of authority in making authentic deeds. 3. The form of PPAT administrative accountability for deeds with legal defects is divided into two areas. First, according to Article 62 PP No. 24 of 1997 is subject to sanctions in the form of: a) warning; b) Warning; c) Schorsing and d) Disrespectful termination of IPPAT membership. Second, Article 13 paragraph (1) Permen ATR No. 2 of 2018 regulates the development of the types of sanctions in PPAT into: a) written warning; b) temporary dismissal; c) honorific dismissal; and d) dishonorable discharge.

IMPLEMENTASI AKAD WAKALAH BIL UJRAH DALAM PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG PENYELENGGARAAN PERNIKAHAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi Analisis Pada Shahira Islamic Wedding Organizer Surabaya)

Wakalah bil ujrah covenant implementation is an agreement covenant of an authority delegation to do something (delegating an affair) in which the implementation can be implemented in the field of wedding exertion by a wedding organizer. But generally, in the field implementation, the society has not been fully acknowledge and understanding how this implementation of an authority delegation in a wedding exertion accords with the the things which have been appointed by the syari’a economic law, and the legal consequences from the achieved wakalah agreement.The problems formulation of this thesis is how the form of the wakalah covenant implementation and also the system of the ujrah taking in the authority delegation of a wedding exertion by Shahira Wedding Organizer Surabaya and analyzing the implementation based on the syari’a economic law of the National Syari’a Board - Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI).This Study was conducted using online research instruments (online field research) with qualitative method. As for the data collecting techniques were done and achieved by online, observation, and the documentation data that are in correlate to the object of the study. The collected data, furthermore is arranged and analyzed using descriptive analysis method, it is describing how the akad wakalah bil ujrah implementation concept in obligating the authority the wedding exertion is done from the shahibbul hajat to Shahira Wedding Organizer Surabaya.The results of the research show that the wakalah bil ujrah covenant implementation in delegating the authority from the shahibbul hajat to Shahira Wedding Organizer Surabaya is done orally through the agreement in choosing the packages of Gumush, Altin, and Platin using simple statements (informal language) as the Surabaya’s people do. Furthermore it will be followed by some representation acts by the Shahira Wedding Organizer Surabaya. Dealing with the ujrah or the fee taking, it will be alocated and included into the price-list of the packages that automatically when it was on the first offer, the value of ujrah has been written and agreed. According to the perspective of the syari’a economic law, this wakalah bil ujrah practice done by the Shahira WO has fulfilled the well conformity in the implementation for the whole components between the both sides have been fulfilled in both of the pillars and the requirements that have been set by the Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 10/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 about wakalah.Keywords : Wakalah Bil Ujrah, Wedding Organizer and Syari’a Economic Law Perspective

FOG-CLOUD-STRATEGIES OF DYNAMIC TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS MANAGEMENT

Background. Providing so called critical systems with reliable telecommunication service, and timely quality information by means of utilizing wireless sensor networks with mobile sensors, land telecommunication nodes, their efficient management along with simultaneous assurance of structural and functional connectivity of mobile sensors in response to their fast and unpredictable movement. Thus, such the methods development is challenging, that will allow dynamic network management on channel and network levels of OSI model, at the same time having the specified connectivity, operation time, service quality, information security enabled.Objective. The purpose of the paper is description of the possible intellectualization strategies of high-performance sensor networks management based on utilization of dynamic telecommunication networks (DTCN) and computing FOGCloud infrastructure to increase performance, reliability, timeliness of information provisioning to critical systems functioning process and critical infrastructure components.Methods. Alternative application strategies are synthesized concerning analysis of both the dynamic telecommunication network characteristics and dedicated FOG-Cloud-infrastructure configurations. DTCN control methodology is based on the fundamental automatic control theory tailored to DTCN objects.Results. The paper studies the matters of alternative DTCN control utilization strategies in the form of the hybrid FOGCloud infrastructure generic control model and its adaptation method specifications to increase performance and reliability of dynamic telecommunication networks.Conclusions. FOG technology is not an alternative to the Cloud infrastructure. In fact, FOG-infrastructure objects cooperate productively with Cloud infrastructure, especially in administration and data analysis, and such a collaboration generates the new application class. FOG networks distribute Cloud’s intelligence down to network upper edge. So called data processing authority delegation takes place from aggregated cloud down to network peripheral.

The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Administrative Empowerment: A Field Study at Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Yemen

The study aimed to measure the impact of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment, and identify the level of practicing it at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen. It also aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment practice in these companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and analytical method was adopted, and a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 330 participants selected by the complete sensus sampling method. However, only 227 of the questionnaires were valid for analysis. For data analysis, many descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Findings revealed that the level of practicing transformational leadership did not reach the expected level, as the mean was just medium. There were differences at the level of practicing the dimensions of transformational leadership; the highest effective difference was the intellectual arousal and the least one was the individualized consideration. Findings also showed that the level of administrative empowerment practice was medium, and the practice level of the dimension of authority delegation was high while participation in decision-making was low. Moreover, there were differences at the level of the impact of the dimensions of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment; the highest effective difference was the ideal effect and the least one was the individualized consideration. The study stressed the need to adopt various dimensions of transformational leadership, at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, with an emphasis on individualized consideration as this can have a great impact on administrative empowerment.
 Keywords: administrative empowerment, pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, transformational leadership

The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Administrative Empowerment: A Field Study at Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Yemen

The study aimed to measure the impact of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment, and identify the level of practicing it at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen. It also aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment practice in these companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and analytical method was adopted, and a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 330 participants selected by the complete sensus sampling method. However, only 227 of the questionnaires were valid for analysis. For data analysis, many descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Findings revealed that the level of practicing transformational leadership did not reach the expected level, as the mean was just medium. There were differences at the level of practicing the dimensions of transformational leadership; the highest effective difference was the intellectual arousal and the least one was the individualized consideration. Findings also showed that the level of administrative empowerment practice was medium, and the practice level of the dimension of authority delegation was high while participation in decision-making was low. Moreover, there were differences at the level of the impact of the dimensions of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment; the highest effective difference was the ideal effect and the least one was the individualized consideration. The study stressed the need to adopt various dimensions of transformational leadership, at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, with an emphasis on individualized consideration as this can have a great impact on administrative empowerment.
 Keywords: administrative empowerment, pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, transformational leadership

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Quality and Financial Performance in High Medicaid Nursing Homes

This study examined the association between leadership styles (autocrat, consultative autocrat, consensus manager, and shareholder manager) and resident quality and financial performance in under-resourced nursing homes. Survey data from 391 Directors of Nursing were merged with secondary data from LTCFocus, Area Health Resource File, Medicare Cost Reports, and Nursing Home Compare. Two multivariate regressions were used to model the relationship between leadership styles and the dependent variables: nursing home star ratings (1-5) and operating margin. The independent variables were composite scores for leadership styles, while control variables included organizational and county-level factors. Results show that compared to autocratic leadership, the consultative autocrat (solicits feedback but has total authority) was associated with lower quality (p < 0.05), while the consensus manager (delegates authority to the group) was associated with lower profit margin (p < 0.05). Under-resourced facilities need to recognize trade-offs of different decision making styles for performance.

The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Institutional Norms on Bureaucrats’ Use of Cost–Benefit Analysis: A Choice Experiment

AbstractA commonly assumed reason for the delegation of authority from a legislature (politicians) to bureaucracies is that the bureaucrats have an information advantage over the politicians, including knowledge of cost–benefit analysis (CBA). But it is reasonable to assume that the bureaucrats use their information advantage by taking all relevant aspects of policy into account? We model the use of CBA using a delegation model and then test the theoretical predictions with empirical data collected from five Swedish government agencies. The empirical results lend support both for the hypothesis that risk aversion concerning the environmental outcome, the bureaucrats’ environmental attitudes, and the cost of taking CBA information into account have a considerable impact on the probability of using information from a CBA. Hence risk averse and bureaucrats with strong environmental preferences are less likely and bureaucrats with low cost of doing a CBA more likely than other bureaucrats to use CBA information. Finally, a binding governmental budget constraint may positively influence a bureaucrat’s choice of using CBA information. A tentative conclusion is therefore that it may be possible to increase the use of CBA by making the budgetary consequences of policies much clearer and demanding due consideration of costs.

THE AUTHORITY OF THE SUB-DISTRICT HEAD IN EVALUATING DRAFT REGULATION OF THE VILLAGE REGARDING VILLAGE BUDGET IN CENTRAL BENGKULU BASED ON THE REGENT’S REGULATION OF CENTRAL BENGKULU NUMBER 34 OF 2018 REGARDING THE AUTHORITY DELEGATION OF THE REGENT TO THE SUB-DISTRICT HEAD IN EVALUATING DRAFT REGULATION OF THE VILLAGE REGARDING VILLAGE BUDGET AND DRAFT REGULATION OF THE VILLAGE ABOUT VILLAGE

The researcher will discuss the Sub-Districts Head authority in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village regarding Village Budget (APBDes) in Central Bengkulu Regency based on the Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu Number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the Sub-District Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village regarding Village Budget and Draft Regulation of the Village about Village Budget Amendment (p-APBDes). The purpose of this research was to find out and to analyze the authority of the Sub-District Head in terms of evaluating the Draft Regulation of the Village regarding APBDes in Central Bengkulu Regency based on the Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu Number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the SubDistrict Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village Regarding APBDes and Draft Regulation of the Village about p-APBDes. This research was normative legal research. Data sources used were primary and secondary data sources. In collecting the data, the researcher used the methods of library studies and field studies. After the research was conducted, it canbe concluded that the authority of the Sub-District Head in evaluating the Draft Regulation of the Village regarding APBDes and P-APBDes in Central Bengkulu Regency was carried out based on the regulation mandate that stipulated in Law No. 6 of 2014 about Village, Law No. 23 of 2014 about Local Government, Government Regulations No. 43 of 2014 about Regulations for Implementing Village Laws, Government Regulations No. 17 of 2018 about sub-districts, Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs No. 20 of 2018 about Village FinancialManagement and Regent’s Regulation of Central Bengkulu number 34 of 2018 regarding the Authority Delegation of the Regent to the Sub-District Head in evaluating Draft Regulation of the Village Regarding APBDes and Draft Regulation of the Village about p-APBDes.