Project Delays Research Articles

Construction Delays Analysis in the Kampung Akuarium Flats Project, Penjaringan-Jakarta

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The most common impediment to project work is a delay in implementing work activities. Even though the completion time has been calculated, there are several influencing factors, such as natural factors that cannot be predicted, late material delivery, a lack of workers that are not optimal when doing project work, and insufficient funds. In this case, the construction project of the Kampung Akuarium flats in Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was delayed from both technical and non-technical. The objective of this study</span><span lang="EN-US"> is</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">to identify the factors causing the project delays and the delay time of the project. This research was conducted by collecting data obtained and processed using Microsoft Project 2019 and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to help identify the problems. From the results that have been analyzed, critical paths include the structural work, finishing architecture 3rd floor, finishing architecture 4th floor, and finishing architecture 5th floor. If not completed immediately or delayed during implementation, the entire project schedule will be delayed. This has an effect where the initial contract plan was completed in 182 days to 259 days with a difference of 77 days or 11 weeks.</span></p>

Causes of Delays in Construction Projects in Peshawar Region and It’s Preventive Measures

Abstract: Construction delays means that tasks are finished later than expected time or required by contract. Finding the source of construction delays is crucial to reducing them. This study tries to identify the major causes for project delays and typical remedies in Peshawar region, Pakistan's construction industry. Additionally, by correlating the criteria found in the literature review with perceptions from construction specialists working in Peshawar region, Pakistan. This research confirms the validity of the factors found there. This study was carried out utilizing a combination of evaluating previous research and conducting a questionnaire-based survey. To collect opinions from a range of construction professionals, including clients, contractors, and consultants, the survey questions were purposefully designed to include both open-ended and close-ended forms. These questionnaires were distributed to a number of people working in the construction business. The primary factors contributing to delays were mostly associated with financial challenges, including the slowness in receiving progress payments from project owners and difficulties contractors encountered in obtaining project financing. In addition to these difficulties, the study determined that cost overruns were the main effects of these delays. Notably, the study also identified effective communication as the most important aspect of controlling project delays. This study will help to improve business procedures and lessen the negative effects of construction delays in addition to offering helpful information to legislators, the individuals who hold decision-making authority, as well as other relevant parties involved in the construction sector.

Quality-Induced Impacts on Time Overrun, Cost Overrun, Dispute, and Litigation in EPC Contracts

Abstract: This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between quality assurance measures and their consequential effects on time overrun, cost overrun, disputes, and litigation within Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts of National Highway. Through an extensive qualitative study and in-depth analysis in SPSS, this paper aims to shed light on the critical high risk contract clauses which make project delays, budget overruns, and legal conflicts impacted by quality. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights for stakeholders in the construction industry seeking to enhance project performance and minimize legal liabilities through effective quality control mechanisms. Contractors, consultants, and employees of the authority were handed a questionnaire survey as part of this investigation. Google Forms was used to gather 161 replies. Principal component analysis was used in SPSS to analyse the aforementioned data. The result shows that there are a number of crucial (high risk) contract elements in EPC contracts that could lead to litigation.

Determining the Critical Risk Factors of Implementing Public–Private Partnership in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Facilities: Perspectives of Private and Public Partners in Iran

Due to the fact that risks can cause project delays and increase project implementation costs, successful construction project completion requires effective and holistic risk management. Identification and evaluation of critical risk factors (CRFs) associated with different types of projects are the most significant components of accurate risk management. This study aims to identify and evaluate the CRFs inherent with private–public partnership (PPP) projects specifically for the development of water and wastewater infrastructure (WWI) facilities in the developing country of Iran. In this line, a comprehensive literature analysis was undertaken to extract the CRFs in applying PPP projects for the development of infrastructure projects in developing countries in general. Then, four rounds of a Delphi survey were conducted to consolidate the major risks to the circumstances of Iran and WWI facilities. There were a total of 35 risks that were grouped into six categories. The main risks were then analyzed and ranked using the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) technique. The overall ranking results of the various CRFs revealed that “lack of trust in government’s economic programs” risk was ranked first in terms of importance, followed by the risk of “delay in timely fund payment for project financing and credits,” and the risk of “delay in finalizing bank negotiations.” The overall ranking of the risks placed “economic changes, such as inflation, increase or decrease in prices, and exchange rate” risk in the bottom position. According to the risk ranking findings based on the opinions of private experts, “lack of commitment to the project schedule” was placed first. Conversely, experts from the public sector considered “choosing the wrong financing method” to be the most CRF. It is anticipated that the key research findings and effective recommendations of this study will considerably contribute to the smooth development and remarkable improvement of risk management in applying PPP for WWI facilities in developing countries while enhancing different stakeholders’ understanding of the CRFs for PPP projects, particularly towards WWI services in Iran.

Enhancing US Software Companies' Competitive Edge with Agile Project Management

The primary purpose of this study was to examine how the adoption of Agile Project Management practices can help US-based software companies gain a competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving global marketplace. With ever-increasing customer demands and changing technology landscapes, it was crucial to assess whether agile methodologies could effectively address these challenges. The software industry in the USA faced challenges related to project delays, cost overruns, and difficulties in responding to changing customer requirements. Traditional project management approaches often proved inadequate in such dynamic environments. The study aimed to determine whether Agile Project Management could mitigate these issues and improve competitiveness. The research employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through surveys distributed to software companies implementing agile practices. Qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews with industry experts. Data analysis involved statistical techniques for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings revealed that Agile Project Management significantly improved software development processes. Agile adoption also fostered better collaboration among cross-functional teams. Moreover, Agile practices positively impacted software quality and customer satisfaction, ultimately contributing to a competitive edge. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Agile Project Management has a substantial positive impact on the competitiveness of US-based software companies. To enhance competitiveness, it is recommended that US software companies consider the adoption of Agile Project Management practices. Additionally, organizations should invest in training and cultural changes to facilitate a smooth transition to agile methodologies. Continuous improvement and alignment with agile principles are essential for sustained competitiveness. Keywords. Agile Project Management, Software Development, Competitiveness, Customer-Centric, US Software Companies

Significant Factors Causing Delay of Ethiopian Road Construction Projects performing by Foreign General Contactors

Following the booming of the Ethiopian construction industry, a number of Foreign General Contractors (FGCs) are participating in the industry. The severity of the construction projects schedule delay, which is a worldwide problem also, affecting the FGCs participating in the Ethiopian road construction projects. Identifying the challenging factors affect the project performance was an important and initial stage for improving the project progress. This study identified the significant factors that cause the projects schedule delay systematically and objectively. After 30 factors were determined from literature and pilot survey, the final questionnaire survey of 235 domain experts was conducted to systematically select 20 factors. Based on the 20 selected factors, 81 historical data of road construction projects with schedule delay were collected; and the database was established. The artificial neural network (ANN) inference model was developed to train the database and predict the project schedule delay. Integrating it with the Garson algorithm (GA), the relative weights of challenging factors with rankings were calculated and identified. The top ten significant factors identified were Contractor's poor site management; Ineffective planning, scheduling, controlling and quality monitoring; Difficulty in Budget availability for the project; Delays in construction activities due to weather changes; late land acquisition; Shortage of materials; Financial problem of contractors; Poor supervision; Cash-flow problems (irregular payments), and Financial Capability of Client. This study uses as a significant reference for FGCs who are currently working in the Ethiopian Road construction projects for improving the projects schedule performance.

Influence of Human Resources Management Practices on Organisational Performance of Construction Firms in Lagos State –Nigeria

The success of any organisation depends on the effective and efficient utilisation of its human resources. In every project-based industry, such as the construction industry, project performance is tied to the effectiveness of its human resources. Labour turnover in the Nigerian construction industry and the poor performance of the Nigerian construction industry in terms of project delay, cost uncertainty, and quality deficiency is caused by inadequate utilisation of human resources management practices. The study aimed to assess the influence of human resources management practices on the organisational performance of construction firms in Lagos State in order to improve their competitive edge. A quantitative research method was adopted involving administration of 140 well-structured questionnaires to registered construction firms. The results revealed that human resources management practices (selection, training, development and reward) have a positive and statistically significant influence on organisational performance, with a p-value of <.001, <.003, <.003 and <.002 respectively. While the other practices (recruitment and compensation) did not significantly influence organisational performance. This indicates that human resources management practices are important to the success of organisations. Therefore, in order to overcome the challenges of labour dissatisfaction at work resulting from organisational instability, poor working conditions, lack of training, and reducing the low performance of the employees in the construction industry, appropriate and adequate human resources management strategies, policies, and action plan provisions should be put in place in order to improve organisational performance and to maintain competitive advantages.

Forecasting Construction Cost Index through Artificial Intelligence

This study presents a novel approach for forecasting the construction cost index (CCI) of building materials in developing countries. Such estimations are challenging due to the need for a longer time, the influence of inflation, and fluctuating project prices in developing countries. This study used three techniques—a modified Artificial Neural Network (ANN), time series, and linear regression—to predict and forecast the local building material CCI in Pakistan. The predicted CCI is based on materials, including bricks, steel, cement, sand, and gravel. In addition, the swish activation function was introduced to increase the accuracy of the associated algorithms. The results suggest that the ANN model has superior prediction results, with the lowest Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Theil’s U statistic (U-Stat) values of 0.04, 28.3, and 0.62, respectively. The time series and regression models have ME values of 0.22 and 0.3, MAE values of 30.07 and 28.3, and U-Stat values of 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. The proposed models can assist contractors, project managers, and owners through an accurately estimated cost index. Such accurate CCIs help correctly estimate project budgets based on building material prices to mitigate project risks, delays, and failures.

Strain-Based elevation monitoring during construction of the Salesforce Tower

Anticipated complexities associated with monitoring elevation changes during construction of the 326 m tall Salesforce Tower in San Francisco prompted the implementation of a strain-based system. This system utilizes strain gages embedded into the tower’s reinforced concrete walls and the resulting measurements are inputs into one of three shortening estimation models of varying complexity and applicability. This methodology was successfully utilized to monitor time dependent shortening due to axial, shrinkage, and creep strains in the tower. Strain-gage based systems assist with slender tower construction in urban areas because the tower’s slenderness coupled with adjacent obstacles stretch the limits of traditional or alternative instrument capabilities and they provide redundancy of measurement to ensure accuracy. This paper is a case study of how a strain-based elevation monitoring system helped this project to be successful. The most relevant findings are: 1) the shortening estimation models were in agreement with conventional survey measurements (±4.6 mm) within their recommended tower height and temperature range capabilities; 2) implementation of this system resulted in a net monitoring cost reduction on the order of 15 %, 400 less labor hours, and reduced potential for project delays; and 3) improvements are needed for supplying power to the sensors as there were interruptions, cut cables, and lack of sources that led to a 44 % sensor success rate. Given the need for structural health monitoring, the successful outcomes documented in this paper, and the potential for continued improvement by way of, for example, wireless and battery free sensing technologies, the work documented herein is believed to be an incremental advancement to the state-of-the-art of tall buildings.

Assessment and Analysis of the Complexities in Sustainability of the Transport Projects Under CPEC: A Grounded Theory Approach

This study proposes a modern research framework for establishing a grounded theory perspective on regional development initiatives along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Grounded theory is a well-known research approach that uses comparative analysis to generate hypotheses from analyzed data. Thematic event analysis exposes the transitions between domains throughout CPEC project design and execution, including political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental elements. The Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT) project’s axial coding highlights contextual variables such as problematic agreements, circumvention of regulations, lack of preparation, public indignation, heritage demolition, tree cutting, and regional tensions. These elements, coupled with China-Pakistan relations, the CPEC framework, infrastructural conditions, and other considerations, impact top-down planning, bureaucratic difficulties, and mismanagement of government plans. Consequently, these techniques cause project delays, unsustainable subsidies, historical damage, and environmental implications, raising questions about accountability and political regime change. This chapter focuses on data collection by using the Grounded Theory Method. These ramifications go beyond the CPEC project, emphasizing the significance of consulting key parties and selecting projects based on scientific and technological criteria. Institutional strengthening, climate change policies, and a focus on sustainable development are all critical. Policy consequences include open and accountable resource allocation, enhanced planning and risk assessment, cost-cutting techniques, cultural heritage preservation, specialized courts, and investment in education and healthcare. It is also critical to strengthen democratic institutions and reduce the environmental dangers.

Development of a risk analysis model for the installation of offshore wind farms

The installation of offshore wind farms represents a major driver of offshore wind energy costs due to the high level of associated risks. Substantial cost reduction potential can be realized if these risks are effectively identified and controlled, preventing project delays and financial damages. Therefore, we propose a new method to identify, analyse and evaluate installation risks for use in project planning. This paper provides an in-depth walkthrough of the steps involved in the development of a simulation-based quantitative risk analysis model. At the example of a turbine installation case study, project plan-related risks are identified and quantified by conducting a literature review and expert interviews. The corresponding risk likelihoods and consequences are modelled with probability distributions to simulate their impact on total project duration. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the distribution of results is statistically evaluated to derive the expected project delay caused by the analysed risks as well as reference values for optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Regarding the underlying model assumptions, the most significant risks (e.g. supply chain failure) are identified and examined in a sensitivity analysis. The developed model can serve as a basis for developing more reliable schedule estimations and contribute to minimizing installation delays and costs.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Global Stock Markets and Real Estate Markets Before and After the Coronavirus Pandemic

The relationship between the stock market and the real estate market has been the focus of several studies in the past. The nature of this relationship continues to remain ambiguous, with results varying according to a country’s economic condition and the level of co-integration between the two markets. This paper reviews the variables that influence the behavior of the stock market and the property market in the United States and the UAE. It examines whether these markets appear to be interlinked in these countries. To make the research more relevant, we have also reviewed the relationship between these two markets and how they have been influenced by the Coronavirus pandemic. As per our findings, the key variables impacting this relationship include the wealth effect, the percentage of real estate assets owned by publicly-traded companies, the news, the number of mortgage-backed securities available in the market, and the amount of risk associated with these securities. Besides this, initial public offerings (IPOs) and market liquidity also play a vital role. Regarding the Coronavirus pandemic, the primary impacts of this health crisis appear to be limited to the short-term. The most significant effects include a rise in stock market volatility, a decline in buying and selling activity, and delays in real estate construction projects in response to government restrictions and new Coronavirus-related deaths. Keywords: Real estate, stock market, coronavirus pandemic, the impact of the stock market, property market, real estate prices, share prices, COVID-19 pandemic

Cause of delay and cost overrun in infrastructure projects

This paper focused on identifies causes of cost overrun and delay factors in infrastructure projects. Mainly, a structured review of literature has been conducted for the purpose of knowing extend of time delay and cost overruns experienced by infrastructure projects. To know this issue this paper explored current state of cost overruns and delay in infrastructural projects. Principally, the reviewed of 15 empirical literatures demonstrated different causes of delay and cost overrun. Main findings proposed distinctive factors of cost overrun and delays, and the main of them; pitfalls and errors in design, economic and political instability, bureaucracy of owner, poor experience of contractors, late in payment to contractor for terminate work, incompetent contractor human resources, in accurate scheduling and initial cost estimation by contractor and recurrent design change.

Analyzing the Key Factors Contributing to Project Delays in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Study

Analyzing the Key Factors Contributing to Project Delays in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Study

Analysis of Project Delay Using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Method in Rising Building Projects

A job on a construction project can affect delays throughout the project. Every construction project has a specific plan and schedule for when to start when to finish, how to schedule, and how to provide resources. There should be no delays in implementation because they will result in increased project costs. However, there was a delay in the performance of the lecture building construction project with the Faculty of Engineering UPN "Veteran" East Java. The methods given in the discussion to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of delays are the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method and the Obtain Cut Set Method (MOCUS). Work items that experienced delays were structural, architectural, and MEP work. There are three top events known through FTA analysis, namely delays caused by design changes and wrong drawings, which are factors causing delays from service users. The dominant factor causing delays in structural work is the difference in elevation with elegant buildings and a need for more attention to structural safety. This problem occurs in the top event factor of service users. The service users referred to in scientific research are the owners and/or planning consultants. From the results of a quantitative Fault Tree analysis, the reliability value of the structural work is 0.861. In this case, the structural work experienced a delay of >10% with a Reliability value below 90%, so the contract was declared critical.

Project Acceleration By Time and Cost Optimization at PT. Dui Esa Unggul With CPM & Pert Method

Projects are activities that are temporary in nature, have deadlines, budgets, resources and have product specifications to be produced. The case study of this research is the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 fabrication project carried out by PT. Dui Esa Superior . The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause project delays, and to find out how long the duration and the optimal cost for the project are. The methods used are FTA (Fault Tree Analysis), CPM (Critical Path Method), and PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). The results of direct field observations and interviews, as well as analysis and evaluation using the FTA, CPM and PERT methods, obtained 19 basic event factors causing project delays, namely labor shortages, workers lack of understanding of drawings, bad weather / rain , and others. There are 9 basic event combinations or minimum cut sets, namely (D1*D2*D3), (D4*D5), (C3), (D6), (E1*E2), (E3*E4*E5), (F1 ), (F2*F3*F4), (F5*G1*G2). The optimal duration of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project is 57 days from the normal 61 days with a 69.15% chance. The total optimal cost of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project with the optimal duration is Rp. 127,772,400.

A double-decomposition based parallel exact algorithm for the feedback length minimization problem.

Product development projects usually contain many interrelated activities with complex information dependences, which induce activity rework, project delay and cost overrun. To reduce negative impacts, scheduling interrelated activities in an appropriate sequence is an important issue for project managers. This study develops a double-decomposition based parallel branch-and-prune algorithm, to determine the optimal activity sequence that minimizes the total feedback length (FLMP). This algorithm decomposes FLMP from two perspectives, which enables the use of all available computing resources to solve subproblems concurrently. In addition, we propose a result-compression strategy and a hash-address strategy to enhance this algorithm. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm can find the optimal sequence for FLMP up to 27 activities within 1 h, and outperforms state of the art exact algorithms.

Enhanced ESM approach for duration forecasting in delayed projects

Delays occur commonly for construction projects. How to control projects before delays are desired by project managers. The Earned schedule method (ESM), a derivative of the earned value management method, forecasts project durations effectively regarding time and cost perspectives, that provides new performance measures for better project control. This study proposes an enhanced approach, ESmin+ method that is designed to solve the incapability of two existing earned schedule methods, to instantly identify schedule delays when the delayed activity is on a non-critical path. To validate the capability of the proposed approach, this study examines the factors that affect the accuracy of duration forecasting, including performance factors, project seriality, and project delay conditions. The enhanced ESM-based approach yields more precise project duration forecasts, particularly in situations where delays occur. By implementing the proposed working procedure, project managers and schedulers can expect superior outcomes in schedule management, ultimately leading to more successful construction projects

Primate field research during a pandemic: Lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly halted most primate field research in early 2020. While international travel bans and regional travel restrictions made continuing primate field research impossible early on in the pandemic, ethical concerns of transmitting the virus from researchers to primates and surrounding human communities informed decisions regarding the timing of resuming research. Between June and September 2020, we surveyed field primatologists regarding the impacts of the pandemic on their research. We received 90 completed surveys from respondents residing in 21 countries, though most were from the United States and Canada. These data provide a valuable window into the perspectives and actions taken by researchers during the early stages of the pandemic as events were still unfolding. Only 2.4% of projects reported continuing research as usual, 33.7% continued with some decrease in productivity, 42.2% reported postponing research projects, and 21.7% reported canceling projects or postponing research indefinitely. Respondents most severely impacted by the pandemic were those establishing new field sites and graduate students whose projects were postponed or canceled due to pandemic-related shutdowns. Fears about increased poaching, the inability to pay local assistants, frozen research funds, declining habituation, disruptions to data collection, and delays in student projects were among the top concerns of respondents. Nearly all the projects able to continue research in any capacity during the early months of the pandemic were run by or employed primate habitat country primatologists. This finding is a major lesson learned from the pandemic; without habitat country scientists, primate research is not sustainable.

Assessment of Factors Influencing the Effective Implementation of Public Projects: The Case of Selected Public Projects Financed by Botor Tolay Woreda Administration, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to assess the factors that influence the effective Implementation of public projects: The Case of Botor Tolay Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
 Methodology: The study was both descriptive and explanatory research design and applied Quantitative and qualitative research approach. The primary and secondary data was used, the primary data was collected by using questionnaires and observation while the secondary data was through analysis the documents. Purposively select 26 expertise and experienced employee from the government office and Contractors. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. To ensure the relationship between independent and dependent variables the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression was applied. The data was analyzed by using Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The study Result was presented through the using of table and figures.
 Finding: The study focuses on the four major factors that affecting the success of public project implementation those planning and scope cause of delays, Client related, Contractor related and external factor related delays of the public project implementation. The findings of correlation and regression show that there was a positive and significant relationship between Project implementation and, Planning and scope of the project, Client, Contractor and external factor related delays.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The researcher recommended that the government body open consulting and supervising office of construction at woreda level for delays of payment approval to successful implementation of the public project, The woreda also practice by improving the delays of client, and planning and scope level delays, the contractor practice their work as schedule, cost and quality.Both government body and contractor develop the methods of resisting the external factors to compact the problemsystems, stakeholder, agency, institutional, and resource dependency theories.