Delay Conditions Research Articles

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Kasus Development Delay: Case Report

Growth and development have similarities in change. And these changes involve all physical members, motor skills and language development. If there are abnormalities in the child's growth and development process, then the child will experience delays in growth and development which is usually called Developmental Delay. This study aims to determine the effect of play therapy on the growth and development of children with developmental delay conditions. This research uses the case study method. After carrying out therapy 8 times, the results showed that play therapy had an effect on improving gross motor skills and improving balance in children with developmental delay. Examination of children's motor skills using the DDST (Denver Development Screening Test) revealed an increase in several stages of ability development in gross motor aspects. Examination of the child's balance using the PBS (Pediatric Balance Scale) showed an increase in balance in several categories, such as the child being able to stand independently and turning 360°.

An EOQ Model Under the Condition of Permissible Delay in Payments with Allowed Stock-Out Cost and Lead Time

From this present study, derive the two consecutive demands between the time intervals: economic order quantity and total annual variable cost. The solution for this inventory model is optimizing the total annual variable cost. Here, given an arithmetical example and sensitivity analysis for the provision of the inventory model, assume the planning horizon and replenishment rate are infinite. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to find out the total annual variable cost using various costs under the condition of a permissible delay in payments with an allowed stock-out cost and lead time.

The date/delay effect in intertemporal choice: A combined fMRI and eye-tracking study.

Temporal discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards as a function of delay until receipt, is influenced by time framing. Specifically, discount rates are shallower when the time at which the reward is received is presented as a date (date condition; e.g., June 8, 2023) rather than in delay units (delay condition; e.g., 30 days), which is commonly referred to as the date/delay effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms of this effect are not well understood. Here, we examined the date/delay effect by analysing combined fMRI and eye-tracking data of N = 31 participants completing a temporal discounting task in both a delay and a date condition. The results confirmed the date/delay effect and revealed that the date condition led to higher fixation durations on time attributes and to higher activity in precuneus/PCC and angular gyrus, that is, areas previously associated with episodic thinking. Additionally, participants made more comparative eye movements in the date compared to the delay condition. A lower date/delay effect was associated with higher prefrontal activity in the date > delay contrast, suggesting that higher control or arithmetic operations may reduce the date/delay effect. Our findings are in line with hypotheses positing that the date condition is associated with differential time estimation and the use of more comparative as opposed to integrative choice strategies. Specifically, higher activity in memory-related brain areas suggests that the date condition leads to higher perceived proximity of delayed rewards, while higher frontal activity (middle/superior frontal gyrus, posterior medial frontal cortex, cingulate) in participants with a lower date/delay effect suggests that the effect is particularly pronounced in participants avoiding complex arithmetic operations in the date condition.

Post-encoding task engagement not attentional load is detrimental to awake consolidation

The fate of new memories depends partly on the cognitive state experienced immediately following encoding. Wakeful rest, relative to task engagement, benefits retention and this effect is typically explained through a consolidation account: rest is theorised to provide a state of minimal interference, which would otherwise disrupt consolidation. Yet, the determinants of consolidation interference, notably the contribution of attention, remain poorly characterised. Through a repeated measures design, we investigated attention load’s impact on consolidation. In three phases, participants encountered a set of nonwords and underwent immediate recognition testing, experienced a 5-min delay condition, and completed a delayed recognition test for the nonwords. This cycle repeated for each phase before proceeding to the next. Delay conditions comprised of wakeful rest and two sustained attention to response tasks (SART) that were of low (SART-fixed) and high (SART-random) attention load. Immediate memory was matched across conditions, but delayed recognition was poorer after completing the SART-fixed and SART-random conditions, relative to rest. There was no difference between the two SART conditions. These data provide insights into the factors that contribute to the success of consolidation and indicate that the attention load of a task does not determine the magnitude of consolidation interference and associated forgetting.

Atypical Impact of Action Effect Delay on Motor Performance in Autism.

Atypical sensory perception and motor impairments are primary features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that indicate atypical development and predict social and non-social challenges. However, their link is poorly understood. Sensory perception is often integrated with motor processes when a sensory effect is temporally contiguous with the motor response. Such sensory-motor coupling further improves motor behavior. Previous studies indicate alterations in sensory perception of action-effect temporal contiguity in ASD, which bares the question of how it may impact motor performance.People diagnosed with ASD and typically developed (TD) participants performed a speeded reaction-time task previously established to capture the facilitating impact of action's perceptual effect on motor response selection. The sensitivity of this mechanism to delays in the effect was measured, manipulating the action-effect temporal contiguity in a within-subject design.An immediate action effect (compared to a No-effect condition) facilitated response selection in the TD group. This facilitation effect was evident in the ASD group but did not show the typical sensitivity to the effect delay. While in the TD group, RT was shorter in the short (225ms) compared to the long (675ms) action effect delay condition, this distinguished pattern was absent in the ASD group.The findings provide supporting evidence that atypical motor performance in ASD results, at least in part, from an altered sensory perception of action effect temporal contiguity. We discuss the results in light of the reduced perceptual specialization account in ASD and its potential for undermining adaptive sensorimotor processes.

Action-outcome delays modulate the temporal expansion of intended outcomes

The phenomenon of intentional binding pertains to the perceived connection between a voluntary action and its anticipated result. When an individual intends an outcome, it appears to subjectively extend in time due to a pre-activation of the intended result, particularly evident at shorter action-outcome delays. However, there is a concern that the operationalisation of intention might have led to a mixed interpretation of the outcome expansion attributed to the pre-activation of intention, given the sensitivity of time perception and intentional binding to external cues that could accelerate the realisation of expectations. To investigate the expansion dynamics of an intended outcome, we employed a modified version of the temporal bisection task in two experiments. Experiment 1 considered the action-outcome delay as a within-subject factor, while experiment 2 treated it as a between-subject factor. The results revealed that the temporal expansion of an intended outcome was only evident under the longer action-outcome delay condition. We attribute this observation to working memory demands and attentional allocation due to temporal relevancy and not due to pre-activation. The discrepancy in effects across studies is explained by operationalising different components of the intentional binding effect, guided by the cue integration theory. Moreover, we discussed speculative ideas regarding the involvement of specific intentions based on the proximal intent distal intent (PIDI) theory and whether causality plays a role in temporal binding. Our study contributes to the understanding of how intention influences time perception and sheds light on how various methodological factors, cues, and delays can impact the dynamics of temporal expansion associated with an intended outcome.

Clinical Relevance of Painful Congenital Early-onset Scoliosis: A Magnetic Resonance Image-based Study.

Back pain, as a clinical marker in scoliosis, has been associated with underlying pathology for many years, warranting further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Failures of segmentation, mixed defects, female gender, rib anomalies, congenital thoracic anomalies, and neurocutaneous markers are known risk factors for abnormal MRI pathology findings in patients with congenital early-onset scoliosis (Congenital-EOS). Yet, back pain has not been evaluated as a risk factor for underlying MRI pathology in patients with Congenital-EOS. This study aimed to assess back pain as a risk factor for underlying pathology in Congenital-EOS using MRI as a diagnostic tool. A retrospective database review from the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG) of all patients with Congenital-EOS who reported a back pain complaint, and underwent a spinal MRI study before surgical intervention was performed. Patients were divided into those with an underlying MRI pathology and those without. Demographics were compared between groups. From a total of 2355 patients with Congenital-EOS registered in PSSG, 107 patients reported a back pain complaint, with only 42 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria (being evaluated with an MRI study). Overall group mean age was 8.1±4.5 years, with 25 of the 42 patients (60%) being females. Twenty-four of 42 patients (57%) had a comorbidity reported such as cardiac problems, musculoskeletal complaints, neurological deficits/myelopathy, gastrointestinal symptoms, developmental delay, respiratory problems, craniofacial abnormalities, and chromosomal conditions. An underlying MRI pathology was found in 21 of 42 patients with Congenital-EOS (50%) with back pain. The underlying MRI pathologies found were tethered spinal cord, spinal canal stenosis, syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and arachnoid cyst. Abnormal MRI findings are common in patients with Congenital-EOS who report back pain. Gender, age, major coronal curve angle, thoracic or lumbar predominance deformity, and comorbidities type or amount were not associated with abnormal MRI findings. Level II-Prognostic study.

A Proactive-Reactive-Based Approach for Continuous Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problems with Hybrid Uncertainty

Port operations have been suffering from hybrid uncertainty, leading to various disruptions in efficiency and tenacity. However, these essential uncertain factors are often considered separately in literature during berth and quay crane assignments, leading to defective, even infeasible schedules. This paper addressed the integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem (BACAP) with stochastic vessel delays under different conditions. A novel approach that combines both proactive and reactive strategies is proposed. First, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated for BACAP with quay crane maintenance activities under the ideal state of no delay. Then, for minor delays, buffer time is added to absorb the uncertainty of the arrival time of vessels. Thus, a robust optimization model for minimizing the total service time of vessels and maximizing the buffer time is developed. Considering that the schedule is infeasible when a vessel is seriously delayed, a reactive model is built to minimize adjustment costs. According to the characteristics of the problem, this article combined local search with the genetic algorithm and proposed an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Numerical experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with CPLEX and Squeaky Wheel Optimization (SWO) in different delay conditions and problem scales. An in-depth analysis presents some management insights on the coefficient setting, uncertainty, and buffer time.

A Study on Approximate Controllability of Ψ-Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with Impulsive Effects

In this article, we studied the approximate controllability of Ψ-Caputo fractional differential systems. We prove the sufficient conditions for an abstract Cauchy problem invloving infinite delay, impulsive and nonlocal conditions. The result is shown by means of the infinitesimal operator, semigroup theory, fractional calculus, and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. First, we prove the existence of the mild solution and demonstrate that the Ψ-Caputo fractional system is approximately controllable. Finally, an example is given to analyse the obtained results.

An Optimal Policy on a Two-Warehouse Model for Deteriorating Inventory Items with Varying Time-Dependent Generalised Demand and the Conditions of Delay in Payments

An Optimal Policy on a Two-Warehouse Model for Deteriorating Inventory Items with Varying Time-Dependent Generalised Demand and the Conditions of Delay in Payments

A study on the existence results of boundary value problems of fractional relaxation integro-differential equations with impulsive and delay conditions in Banach spaces

<abstract><p>The aim of this paper was to provide systematic approaches to study the existence of results for the system fractional relaxation integro-differential equations. Applied problems require definitions of fractional derivatives, allowing the utilization of physically interpretable boundary conditions. Impulsive conditions serve as basic conditions to study the dynamic processes that are subject to sudden changes in their state. In the process, we converted the given fractional differential equations into an equivalent integral equation. We constructed appropriate mappings and employed the Schaefer's fixed-point theorem and the Banach fixed-point theorem to show the existence of a unique solution. We presented an example to show the applicability of our results.</p></abstract>

Quantitative detection of sintered mixed materials using LIBS under different delay conditions

Quantitative detection of sintered mixed materials using LIBS under different delay conditions

A Note on an EOQ Inventory Model with Varying Time-Proportional Deterioration, Time-Dependent Demand and Shortages under the Conditions of Permissible Delay in Payment

A Note on an EOQ Inventory Model with Varying Time-Proportional Deterioration, Time-Dependent Demand and Shortages under the Conditions of Permissible Delay in Payment

A note on an EOQ inventory model with varying time-proportional deterioration, time-dependent demand and shortages under the conditions of permissible delay in payment

A note on an EOQ inventory model with varying time-proportional deterioration, time-dependent demand and shortages under the conditions of permissible delay in payment

Existence results for a coupled system of nonlinear fractional functional differential equations with infinite delay and nonlocal integral boundary conditions

<abstract><p>This article is devoted to studying a new class of nonlinear coupled systems of fractional differential equations supplemented with nonlocal integro-coupled boundary conditions and affected by infinite delay. We first transform the boundary value problem into a fixed-point problem, and, with the aid of the theory of infinite delay, we assume an appropriate phase space to deal with the obtained problem. Then, the existence result of solutions to the given system is investigated by employing Schaefer's fixed-point theorem, while the uniqueness result is established in view of the Banach contraction mapping principle. The illustrative examples are constructed to ensure the availability of the main results.</p></abstract>

Policy Strategy for Transaction Speed, Data Security and Regulation in the Banking Industry: A Case Study on Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri and the Impact of its Contribution to Bank Performance

Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri needs to improve customer data security by developing the right policy strategy. Policies that need to be implemented include multi clouds with homomorphic encryption, managerial security awareness with Big Data Solution vendor reputation, and the use of holistic data warehouses in data privacy health architectures. In addition, Bank Jatim needs to pay attention to banking regulations and restrictions on access to activities between countries to minimize data security risks and increase customer trust. This study uses quantitative design and interview and observation instruments to obtain reviews on delay conditions in transactions, customer data security, banking regulations, and benefits for Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri. implement appropriate policy strategies such as multi clouds with homomorphic encryption, managerial security awareness with Big Data Solution vendor reputation, and using holistic data warehouses in data privacy health architectures. In addition, Bank Jatim also needs to pay attention to banking regulations and limit access to activities between countries to minimize data security risks and increase customer trust. Through the implementation of the right policy strategy, it can improve financial performance, expand the reach of customer services, and maintain its position in the midst of today's banking industry competition. The implementation of policy strategies must be carried out accurately and agilely in order to optimize bank performance and performance.

Can you change my generosity towards future others? The impact of observability on intertemporal pro‐social decisions

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that delays in realizing pro‐social decisions significantly influence pro‐social choices. However, the impact of time delay may vary by context. A key contextual factor is decision observability (i.e., the visibility of one's decision to others). Using a dictator game task with delayed rewards, the current study examined the effects of observability on intertemporal pro‐social choices. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an Anonymous group, where payment was private, or an Observable group, involving public payment. They had to decide between the selfish option (which only benefited the subject) and the generous option (sharing money with another person in a specific delay condition). Our data revealed that subjects were less eager to forgo money when time delay increased and showed more selfishness toward specific people, independent of decision observability. This pattern was aligned with a hyperbolic discounting model. Notably, observability mitigated the impact of time delay; subjects were more inclined to donate to temporally distant individuals when their decisions were observable instead of anonymous. In addition, we discuss the practical implications of observability for designing intertemporal donation appeals.

Monotone iterative technique for evolution equations with delay and nonlocal conditions in ordered Banach space

In this paper, based on monotone iterative method in the presence of the lower and upper solutions, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of the S-asymptotically ω-periodic mild solutions to a class of nonlocal problems of evolution equations with delay in ordered Banach spaces. Firstly, we introduce the concept of lower S-asymptotically ω-periodic solution and upper S-asymptotically ω-periodic solution. Secondly, we construct monotone iterative method in the presence of the lower and upper solutions to evolution equations with delay, and obtain the existence of maximal and minimal S-asymptotically ω-periodic mild solutions for the mentioned system under wide monotone conditions and noncompactness measure condition of nonlinear term. Finally, as the application of abstract results, an example is given to illustrate our main results.

General Stability for the Viscoelastic Wave Equation with Nonlinear Time-Varying Delay, Nonlinear Damping and Acoustic Boundary Conditions

This paper is focused on energy decay rates for the viscoelastic wave equation that includes nonlinear time-varying delay, nonlinear damping at the boundary, and acoustic boundary conditions. We derive general decay rate results without requiring the condition a2>0 and without imposing any restrictive growth assumption on the damping term f1, using the multiplier method and some properties of the convex functions. Here we investigate the relaxation function ψ, namely ψ′(t)≤−μ(t)G(ψ(t)), where G is a convex and increasing function near the origin, and μ is a positive nonincreasing function. Moreover, the energy decay rates depend on the functions μ and G, as well as the function F defined by f0, which characterizes the growth behavior of f1 at the origin.

Vitamin and microelement status and somato­sexual development of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Objective — to study peculiarities of the state of vitamin and microelement provision in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with the physiological and pathological course of puberty.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 143 patients (75 boys and 68 girls) with type 1 diabetes aged 10 to 17 years. The level of retinol, tocopherol, 25(OH)D3 and Zn concentration were determined in blood serum.Results and discussion. The gender characteristics of vitamin and microelement imbalance in adolescents with type type 1 diabetes were determined, the nature of which depended on the course of puberty. Among boys with type 1 diabetes under the conditions of harmonious physical development (PD), an increase in the percentage of low levels of vitamin E was recorded more often than in girls (39.1 vs. 12.2 %, рφ < 0.02). In girls with a disharmonious type of PD with increased body weight and high height, there was an increase in the frequency of high levels of vitamin E (48.1 %) under conditions of a normal level of retinol (37.0 %). In boys with high height and body weight disorders, an increased level of Zn (64.3 %) and an increase in the frequency of pronounced vitamin D deficiency (47.6 %) were recorded more often. Only 9.5 % of patients had vitamin D levels that corresponded to the optimal level of provision. In girls with disharmonious PD, the level of 25(OH)D3 was higher than in boys and was (19.06 ± 1.51) and (13.10 ± 1.53) ng/ml, respectively; (рu < 0.002). Under the conditions of disharmonious PD boys had lower values of vitamin A (52.2 vs. 29.6 %, рφ < 0.05) and vitamin E (39.1 vs. 3.7 %, рφ < 0.05) compared to girls. In boys with the physiological course of sexual development (SD), in comparison with girls, a decrease in the level of zinc, retinol and tocopherol was more often registered. Under the conditions of SD disorders, a reduced level of vitamin A was more often registered in girls (66.7 vs. 35.7 %, рφ < 0.03) with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its elevated values (8.3 vs. 37.5 %, рφ < 0.01) relative to patients with a physiological course of SD. At the same time, normal levels of vitamin E were recorded more often. Under conditions of sexual development delay in boys, the frequency of normal values of vitamin E was decreased compared to girls. Аt the same time, pronounced deficiency of vitamin D was more often registered in boys with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its suboptimal level.
 Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a relationship between indicators of vitamin and microelement status and somatic and sexual development in adolescents with type I diabetes was established. The tension of reserves of vitamins A, E, D and the imbalance of zinc concentration were found in boys with disharmonious physical development. Sexual development delay in boys was accompanied by a deterioration in the nature of providing the body with vitamins D and E.