Deictic Words Research Articles

An Analysis of Deixis in "Who I Am" Song Lyrics by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias.

Songs are among the most widely used forms of media in society to convey ideas and emotions which can draw pragmatics attention. The objective of this research is to analyze the types, and the dominant type of deixis used in song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias. The researcher elects the song as the object of the analysis because the song is the result of collaboration among three talented singers and one of them is from Indonesia, Putri Ariani. The music video had been watched more than 32 million times and was included in the YouTube Music trending ranks. This research uses qualitative research method. In data collection technique, the researcher uses document analysis. All the types of deixis encompassing personal pronoun, social, discourse, place, and time deictic expressions were found in the song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias. In person deixis, the deictic expression are personal pronoun. The results of the research indicated (1) there are 99 data of five deixis types found in song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias, consisting of: 49 data (49.49.7%) of person deixis, 6 data (6.06%) of spatial deixis, 32 data (32.32%) of temporal deixis, 1 word (1.01%) of social deixis, and 11 data (11,11%) of discourse deixis. Thus, the personal deixis (49 deictic words or 49.49%) was the most frequently used deixis.

The Use of Deixis in Students’ Writing of Descriptive Texts

This study aims to identify the types of deixis, and the deixis used, and to analyze the reason deixis used in the students’ writing descriptive text at the tenth grade MIA 2 high school Kemala Bhayangkari Medan. This research used descriptive qualitative research where the participants were 20 students who took English class. The result of this research showed five types of deixis, how the deixis are used, and the reason deixis is used in their writing using Levinson's theory (1983). Five types of deixis are spatial deixis, temporal deixis, person deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. From 20 total data, the researcher found 186 deictic words in the students’ writing. 84 or 45% in the spatial deixis, 40 or 22% in the person deixis, 25 or 13% in the temporal deixis, 22 or 12% in the discourse deixis, and 15 or 8% in the social deixis. Therefore, the reasons students used deixis are: to Indicate a specific location, chronology of events, to convey a personal point of view, to incorporate cultural and social signifiers, and to create a strong and coherent connection.

DEIXIS ON WEDNESDAY: WHAT ARE THEY?

This research aims to classify the kinds of deixis and identify the most dominant deixis used in the Wednesday serial movie. It also analyzes to whom, what, and where the actresses are addressed based on the deixis used in the utterances in the Wednesday serial movie. The method used in this research is the descriptive-qualitative method. The researcher applied Levinson’s theory to identify and classify the kinds of deixis in the Wednesday serial movie. The data used in this research are utterances spoken by the main character in the Wednesday serial movie. In analyzing the research, the researcher found 1.805 deictic words included in the kinds of deixis. According to the findings of this research, there are five kinds of deixis contained in the Wednesday serial movie from chapters I -VIII, namely person deixis with a percentage of 83,4%, time deixis with a percentage of 4,4%, place deixis with a percentage of 2,6%, social deixis with a percentage of 4,7%, and discourse deixis with a percentage of 4,9%. The most dominant deixis used in the Wednesday serial movie is person deixis. In general, person deixis shows the person as a speaker, listener, or someone who is addressed in a speech event. Time deixis indicates the time period when an utterance is spoken; place deixis indicates the relative location of participants in a speech event; social deixis indicates the social relationship between the speaker and the listener; and discourse deixis is concerned as if it is used to relate to other parts of the discourse.

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE PRACTICES IN THE “EVERYDAY NATIONALISM”

In 1995, M. Billig’s “Banal Nationalism” was published for the first time. This pioneering work initiated a new way of studying “nation” and “nationalism”. Somewhat later, the concept of “Banal nationalism” was clarified and supplemented by the concept of “Everyday Nationality”, that together compose “Everyday Nationalism’s” research. The study, which is directly based on M. Billig’s “Banal nationalism”, examines how elites mobilize elite (state) symbols, nationalist discourses, and other material and immaterial elements that form the usual landscape and semiosphere of the territory. Instead of this, “Everyday Nationhood” try to show, how people reinterpret elite symbols and nationalist discourses or create their own versions of nationhood enacted as everyday practices. Actually, among the elements that serve as a daily reminder of people’s place in the “world of nations” are language and language practices, as well as small deictic words (“domestic policy” / “foreign policy”, “us” / “them”, “here” / “there”, etc.), which are used by mass media and other services that we read, listen, watch, etc. Finally, ideas, that seem banal to us, turn out to be ideological constructs of nationalism. The idea of “language” should also be considered a historical construct of nationalism. The concept of “language”, at least in the sense that it seems obvious to “us”, is an “invented permanency” created in the era of the nation-state. Language does not create nationalism as nationalism creates language; or, rather, nationalism creates “our” common view, that there are “natural” and indisputable things called “languages” we speak.

An information-theoretic approach to the typology of spatial demonstratives

We explore systems of spatial deictic words (such as ‘here’ and ‘there’) from the perspective of communicative efficiency using typological data from over 200 languages Nintemann et al. (2020). We argue from an information-theoretic perspective that spatial deictic systems balance informativity and complexity in the sense of the Information Bottleneck (Zaslavsky et al., (2018). We find that under an appropriate choice of cost function and need probability over meanings, among all the 21,146 theoretically possible spatial deictic systems, those adopted by real languages lie near an efficient frontier of informativity and complexity. Moreover, we find that the conditions that the need probability and the cost function need to satisfy for this result are consistent with the cognitive science literature on spatial cognition, especially regarding the source–goal asymmetry. We further show that the typological data are better explained by introducing a notion of consistency into the Information Bottleneck framework, which is jointly optimized along with informativity and complexity.

Interaksi referen dan konteks dalam antologi memoar Guru Welas Asih

This study aims to describe the form of reference and context contained in the anthology of “Guru Welas Asih” memoirs. Qualitative descriptive method used in this study. This research aims at mapping references contained in the form of changes in the meaning of synesthesia. The data in this study are the form of words or phrases in the anthology of “Guru Welas Asih” memoirs. The data source for this research is an anthology of memoirs by the Komunitas Menulis Memoar entitled “Guru Welas Asih”. The memoir consists of 17 titles written by 17 members of the community. Provision of data in this study using note-taking techniques and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis uses the equivalent method with the application of referential techniques. The results of this study indicate that referent references cannot be separated from context. According to the findings of this study, the references contained in the anthology of “Guru Welas Asih” memoirs are: (1) reference words and (2) deictic words. The identified deixis is (1) persona deixis, (2) pointer deixis, and (3) place deixis. The type of reference refers to something that is bound by context. Therefore, the referent and context interact to show the reference.

Экспериментальный дейксис в пространстве поэтического текста

The article deals with the linguopoetics of deixis as one of the key mechanisms for expressing subjectivity in artistic communication. The aim of the study is to discuss the specifics of deictic words and constructions in experimental poetic discourse. The second part of the article analyzes the functions of personal, spatial, and discourse (textual) deixis in the visual layout of a poetic text (spatial design of verse). The material for analysis encompasses Edward Cummings’ experimental verse, conceptual poetry, US Language Writing, and Arkadii Dragomoshchenko’s poetic texts. The study has found that the deictic means of language, interacting with the visual space of the poetic text, actualize the dynamic subjec­tivity of the aesthetic utterance. In poetic discourse, the spatiality, length and duration of the utterance (message) as such is a particularly active field of indexicality.

Functional profile of the lexeme ot in contemporary Polish: A cross-linguistic examination

The Polish lexeme ot, which has no direct English translation, is an expression used mainly in fictional writing. Over the past several hundred years, ot has changed its function and use. Most of the Polish language dictionaries consulted for this paper define the lexeme as a tool for indicating the speaker’s opinion that the subject matter at hand is trivial or insignificant. In one dictionary, ot is also defined as a deictic word. These definitions present only a general picture of the use of ot in modern-day Polish and do not fully account for the lexeme’s functions in individual contexts. This study seeks to create a detailed functional profile for ot by examining its English equivalents. Acting as convenient labels for or paraphrases of the lexeme’s functions, the equivalents are believed to be particularly helpful in identifying these functions. This study provides evidence that in contemporary Polish, ot is used as both a discourse marker (DM) and a deictic expression, yet there is a considerable imbalance between these two broad roles, with the former being the role that notably prevails. As a DM, the lexeme serves several specific functions, such as signalling insignificance, exemplification or explanation. In a wider context, this paper shows how a translation-based study may inform research on the functional potential of semantically elusive items.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Deixis and Reference on Kim Hanbin Songs

This pragmatic study aims to examine the different types of deixis from Cruse’s theory and references using pragmatic analysis in Lost at sea and Got it like that songs using descriptive qualitative. The result found from the analysis is that both songs use all five types of deixis. The personal deictic words occ. Thehe first person mainly refers to the singer or the songwriter. The second person refers to the addressee that is remarked by “you and your” and the last is third person “it” refers to something or someone that becomes the main thing or character in songs. Furthermore, the use of spatial deixis is quite a lot for both songs. Next, the temporal deixis that appeared in both songs is similar. Temporal deixis has two types of deixis, in “Lost at sea” and “Got it like that,” the pure deictic and verb tense occurred. The last, the social and discourse deixis with different deictic words, also occurred in both songs. Hopefully, the result could be a reference for students in the Linguistic Field in analyzing the written discourse with a Pragmatic Approach.

Acquisition of L2 English spatial deixes by Arabic-speaking children.

Deictic words are considered the earliest words which children acquire at the stage of two-word-utterance. However, mastering them like adults may take more time. This paper investigates how L2 children comprehend and produce English spatial deixis 'here', 'there', 'this', and 'that' by observing and documenting their responses and reactions in hide-and-seek game. It also aims to find out the children's obstacles in acquiring these words, such as proximity bias and egocentrism. The subjects are Arabic children of ages four, five, and six who acquire English as a second language in international schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They performed two types of tasks: comprehension task and production task. Both tasks contained two trials: same perspective and the different perspective. Based on the results, children did better in comprehending the spatial deixis than in producing them. Moreover, the results showed that there was no proximity bias happened with children in this study. In addition, the results of the two trials in both tasks illustrated that changing the deictic center improves with age. Although the study provides some significant results, there should be an increase in the number of the samples in order to make the results generalized.

Tangible and digital materials for spatial play: Exploring the effects on parental talk and children's spatial reasoning

AbstractTechnology is transforming children's lived experience with spatial play. In particular, parents may interact with children differently depending on whether they play together with tangible or digital materials. The present research examined whether the medium for play (tangible or digital) affected kindergarten‐aged children's language experience during puzzle play and explored immediate effects on spatial reasoning. Sixty parent–child dyads played with a tangible or a digital set of tangram puzzles for 10 minutes; children received the Children's Mental Transformation Task (CMTT) before and after the play session. Their performance on the most challenging problems of the CMTT improved after tangible, but not digital, play. This effect was related to parental use of orientation and transformation words during the play session and unrelated to the success of puzzle completion. Moreover, we found that the digital interface, specifically the prescribed movements to use the app, affected parental use of deictic words (eg, here, there), and that this relation may be driven by children's production of a pointing‐like action. Together, these results shed light on the interaction between material for play, parent spatial talk and children's spatial reasoning. Practitioner notesWhat is already known The use of touchscreen devices for play by children has become increasingly common. Parents tend to engage children in device‐relevant talk more than task‐relevant talk when using electronic devices. Hands‐on experience with tangible materials provides short‐term and long‐term benefits on children's spatial reasoning. What this paper adds With their parents, children at 5 to 6 years completed more puzzles of tangible materials than of digital materials; the design interface of the digital puzzles affected children's action experience. Tangible materials invited parents to talk about orientation and transformation more than digital materials. The design interface that prompted children to produce pointing‐like gestures invited parents to use more deictic words (eg, here, there). Children's spatial reasoning was elevated after playing with tangible (but not digital) puzzles. This elevation was related to parental talk about orientation and transformation. Implications for practice and/or policy This study sheds light on the considerations for parents and educators when choosing tangible or digital materials for children to engage in spatial play. The results inform about design principles of educational technology for spatial learning by children at the kindergarten age.

Deixis in Romanian and in Children's Literature

Deixis constitutes a captivating system of terms which do not have a “fixed” point of reference, since they rely on the conversational context of two or more speakers and their subsequent body language. Such words constantly occur in our day-to-day talks and they can denote various elements, from time and space to other people known by all the parties engaged in the respective discussion. Since we are dealing with a spoken dialogue, one may end up wondering whether deictic terms can be easily detected in written texts, as well. The situation does get trickier, but simultaneously more intriguing, and we are to reach the conclusion that deictic items are most effective when they are accompanied by visual aids. The following article will explore deixis starting from the mentioned premise and resorting to examples from contemporary picture books for children, written either by Romanian authors or foreign ones. The main purpose is to trace how illustrations provide a favourable medium for deictic expressions to arise, filling certain “gaps” inside the texts, so as to ensure that the story’s message and intentions are passed on successfully to the readers. The selection of examples will cover three types of usage of deictic words, specifically the symbolic one (which requires the speakers to be aware of the temporal and spatial framework of their conversation), the gestural one (which includes, as the name already suggests, the speakers’ gestures, in order to indicate the referent) and the mixed one (which is simply a combination of the first two types).

Deixis In Story Snow White And Seven Dwarfs

The research method uses qualitative research in collecting and selecting data for research. Data based on Levinson's theory analysis `The object of this research is utterances that contain deixis in the story of Snow White. The research question of this investigation is what kind of deixis is found in the film Snow White and how is deixis used in the film. Deixis is one of the linguistics forms in pragmatics that can help the reader or speaker to understand the meaning of an utterance. In studying deixis means learning one aspect of natural language to require the reference of who are the speaker and the hearer, the place and the time of speaking in which the deictic word used. Many language phenomena use deixis, such as poem, lyric, film, novel, talk show, and also advertisement. In our daily life, we always find advertisement around us, such as in magazine, newspaper, internet, radio, or television.Based on the findings, it us conclude that there are 5 types of deixis there are person,deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and speech deixis.

Deixis In Story Snow White And Seven Dwarfs

The research method uses qualitative research in collecting and selecting data for research. Data based on Levinson's theory analysis `The object of this research is utterances that contain deixis in the story of Snow White. The research question of this investigation is what kind of deixis is found in the film Snow White and how is deixis used in the film. Deixis is one of the linguistics forms in pragmatics that can help the reader or speaker to understand the meaning of an utterance. In studying deixis means learning one aspect of natural language to require the reference of who are the speaker and the hearer, the place and the time of speaking in which the deictic word used. Many language phenomena use deixis, such as poem, lyric, film, novel, talk show, and also advertisement. In our daily life, we always find advertisement around us, such as in magazine, newspaper, internet, radio, or television.Based on the findings, it us conclude that there are 5 types of deixis there are person,deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and speech deixis.

Contributions of the deixis clarified to the reading comprehension competence of the 6th graders

Deixis are generally expressed as words or phrases whose meaning changes depending on who is talking, who is listening, where and when it is spoken (I, you, here, there, yesterday etc.). Foreign language learners have difficulties in decoding deixis in reading and listening skills. Therefore, this study aims at discussing how well the 6th graders are able to comprehend deixis in a written discourse. In order to collect data, twenty-two students have divided into two groups with even numbers as control and experimental groups. The 6th graders in experimental group have been given three different written texts in which deixis are clarified in parenthesis just after the use deictic words whereas the 6th graders in control group have been given the same three different written texts without identified deixis. The data have been collected through the reading comprehension questions after each text used in both groups. The findings have been analyzed by the SPSS 22 version program and t-test. As a result, the analysis indicates that there is a significant difference between the graders in both groups. The 6th graders in the experimental group seem more successful in reading comprehension than those in the control group because of the deictic words clarified.

TYPES OF DEIXIS USED IN THE DOUM-TREE OF WAD HAMID: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY

In linguistics, the term deixis is used to describe the use of general words and phrases by speakers to point to persons, objects, specific place and time from their physical or psychological positions while communicating their messages. Such words and phrases are considered deictic when their denoted meaning becomes context-dependent. The present study used AntConc v.3.5.9 corpus analysis toolkit to find out the frequent occurrence of the types of deixis used in the English translation of the short story The Doum-tree of Wad Hamid, and then utilized the useful information obtained along with examples manually derived from the story to discuss the extent to which this use of deixis reflects the author's style and the story's point of view. The results indicated that the common five types of deixis were used in the short story with a different degree of frequency and usage, but personal deixis was the most dominant with 653 examples represented 54.10% out of the total of 1207 deictic instances found in the corpus. Social deixis ranks second with 242 examples represented 20.05%. The study deduced that the dominant use of person pronouns as personal deixis or relational social deictic words reflects the author's style and point of view in the narration line via which the narrator recounts the events from his own perspective.

ПОЛИМОДАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЙ ДЕЙКСИС В РЕЧИ И ЖЕСТАХ: СИСТЕМЫ КООРДИНАТ В ЭКСПЛАНАТОРНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

The study explores the distribution of deictic words and gestures in multimodal explanatory discourse. To proceed, we compile the corpus of speech and gesture in which the experiment participants are explaining the difference between close synonyms. The study develops the method of modelling deixis as a discourse frame of reference which allows to identify objects and situations via pointing at them. We show that two frames of reference - egocentric and allocentric - help explore the discourse semantics of deictic words and gestures on the same grounds using the coordinates of two frames which are the distance from the speaker (closer to the speaker / farther from the speaker) and the type of communicative situation in discourse (the internal communicative situation / the external communicative situation). The results reveal that the differences between the two frames of reference may not always be explicit in the semantics of deictic words, still they may appear in the use of gesture types.

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP PRESS CONFERENCE CORONAVIRUS TASK FORCE

Deixis is the study of deictic or indexical articulations in language exchanges, prefaces, and monolog like you, presently, today. Deixis can be named as a unique sort of linguistic property, managing increasingly natural syntactic classifications of individual, place, time. The purpose of this research are to describe the types and the most dominant of the deictic words used in the Donald Trump Press Conference Coronavirus Task Force. The researchers designed this research as descriptive qualitative research. The data was gathered from a speech of donald trump press conference and using theory Yule (1996). The result showed that there are three types of deixis, they are Personal Deixis, Time Deixis and Place Deixis. This research found that there are three types of deixis in press conference, they are Personal Deixis 23 occurances, Time Deixis 8 occurance, Place Deixis 1 occurance. Based on this analysis it can be concluded that personal deixis is the most dominant types of deixis used than the other types. Keywords : Deixis, Donald Trump, Coronavirus

СВОЄРІДНІСТЬ ВИРАЖЕННЯ ДЕЙКСИСУ У НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНОМУ ТЕКСТІ

The article is devoted to defining deictic elements, the translation of which remains insufficiently systematized, especially on the example of scientific and technical texts. The aim of the work is to study deixis in English texts, to determine its linguistic and extralinguistic features and to translate it into Ukrainian. The latest view of deixis is to understand it as a universal category that functions at all linguistic levels. This phenomenon helps to understand the author, to isolate the most important information and to navigate in space and time. The specifics of personal deixis in the scientific and technical literature are based on the relationship of transmission-reception of information between the author (addresser) and the reader (addressee) at the extralinguistic level. As follows from the analysis of examples, the text of a scientific article expresses not only the intellectual content – information about the facts and their theoretical justification, but also the author’s will to attract the reader’s attention, to bring them to accepting the author’s point of view. The use of 2nd person as a deictic element is subject to the task of implementing the author’s pragmatic guidelines. In expressing his/her opinion, s/he aims to make the statement less categorical, leaving it open to the reader’s judgment. Deictic words help to establish contact with the reader, which is directly related to embodying the main communicative function of a scientific text – the function of communication.

DEIXIS ANALYSIS IN “A NIGHT AT THE OPERA” ALBUM

This research discussed types of deixis found in Queen’s album entitled “A Night At The Opera”. It is aimed at revealing the deixis in the song lyrics and explaining the deictic words used by all members of Queen by utilizing the theory of deixis as the analysing tool. The deixis was collected from 11 (eleven) songs’ lyrics on the album by using observation and audio-visual material techniques. The lyrics were copied into.docx format so that the researchers can matched the lyrics while listening to the songs before finally analyse the deixis in it. The result shows that this album contains the whole types of the deixis listed in Levinson’s theory of deixis. The most dominant deixis wasperson and time deixis, while the least dominant one is discourse. The result also exposes the mostly used type of deixis by all members of Queen, that is, first person deictic words since the whole 11 songs in the album mostly told their fans or song listeners about their own story or experience.Keywords: deixis, reference, context, song lyrics