Dehydrogenation Rate Research Articles

Photothermal Induced Dual-Interface: Accelerating Sustainable Hydrogen Evolution from Formic Acid.

Formic acid (FA), a liquid hydrogen storage carrier, can release hydrogen via photothermal catalysis, providing a clean and sustainable solution toward a carbon-neutral energy cycle. Despite recent advances in the design of efficient catalysts, the development of advanced systems with high H2 yield, stability, and durability remains challenging due to the inefficient photothermal conversion and mass transfer in the traditional liquid-solid bulk system, as well as the trade-off between hydrogen storage density and dehydrogenation rate. Here, we address these challenges by creating a photothermal-induced dual-interface characterized by high spectral absorption and low heat loss, a facile supply of FA, and vaporization of FA to minimize the energy barrier of the reaction. As a result, a record hydrogen evolution rate (200.9 mmol g-1 h-1) is achieved in a high concentration (26 M) of FA, which is about 15 times higher than the liquid-solid bulk system. In addition, it can be operated continuously for more than 192 h without additive addition and energy consumption, providing a strategy for accelerating interfacial mass transfer to improve catalytic activity, and also presents a reference for sustainable hydrogen production.

Characteristics of constant pressure dehydrogenation and construction of linear diffusion model for solid hydrogen storage materials: A case study of TiMn1.5 alloy

Solid-state hydrogen storage is considered to be the most promising hydrogen storage technology because of its high volumetric capacity and good security. The process of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of solid hydrogen storage materials can be characterized by a diffusion kinetic model, which can be used to guide the safe and efficient application of hydrogen storage materials. Currently, experimental study on the dehydrogenation characteristics under constant pressure outer boundary condition has not been carried out methodically, and a simple and reliable diffusion kinetic model under this condition should be established based on the experimental results. In this study, an experimental platform for hydrogen absorption and constant pressure dehydrogenation of solid hydrogen storage materials was independently established. The TiMn1.5 alloy and its interstitial hydrides were taken as the experimental research objects to conduct constant pressure dehydrogenation tests, and the dehydrogenation properties at different temperatures were systematically studied. The results show that the dehydrogenation rate decreases with the increase of testing time. The ultimate capacity of hydrogen release increases first and then decreases with the increasing temperature, reaching the maximum value at 30 °C. It is found that the diffusion coefficient increases linearly with time during constant pressure dehydrogenation process. On this basis, a linear diffusion kinetic model is established. The initial diffusion coefficient D0 calculated by the new model has a quadratic polynomial relationship with temperature, and the increase coefficient α of diffusion coefficient has a linear relationship with temperature. According to the mathematical expressions, the dehydrogenation process of TiMn1.5 alloy at different temperatures can be predicted. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safe, efficient and controllable application of hydrogen storage materials.

Suppression effect of CO2 on ignition and combustion of AlH3-nanoparticles: A molecular dynamics study

AlH3 is a high-capacity hydrogen storage material but is prone to explosion. Thermodynamic and structural properties of AlH3-nanoparticles at different CO2 inerting systems from ignition to combustion are studied using ReaxFF-MD method. The influence of CO2 on AlH3-nanoparticles ignition and combustion is investigated by comparing the changes of surface O adsorption rates, particle charge, temperature rise rates and so on. Results indicate that an increase in CO2 is crucial for suppressing AlH3-nanoparticles ignition and combustion by impeding the formation of an Al-rich environment. In contrast to three stages of AlH3-nanoparticles combustion in pure O2 system: surface combustion, slow temperature rise, and self-sustaining combustion, the process of CO2 inerting system is different, with third stage is slow temperature rise at a constant rate. When CO2 concentration reaches to 90%, the dehydrogenation rate reduces by 70.0%, the temperature rise rate decreases by 78.6%, and the ignition delay time reaches 45 ps.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Regulation for Mg‐Based Hydrogen Storage Materials: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

AbstractMg‐based hydrogen storage materials have drawn considerable attention as the solution for hydrogen storage and transportation due to their high hydrogen storage density, low cost, and high safety characteristics. However, their practical applications are hindered by the high dehydrogenation temperatures, low equilibrium pressure, and sluggish hydrogenation and dehydrogenation (de/hydrogenation) rates. These functionalities are typically determined by the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of de/hydrogenation reactions. This review comprehensively discusses how the compositeization, catalysts, alloying, and nanofabrication strategies can improve the thermodynamic and kinetic performances of Mg‐based hydrogen storage materials. Since the introduction of various additives leads the samples being a multiple‐phases and elements system, prediction methods of hydrogen storage properties are simultaneously introduced. In the last part of this review, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed and a summary of the emergence of new materials and potential strategies for realizing lower‐cost preparation, lower operation temperature, and long‐cycle properties is provided.

Metal-organic framework-derived carbon-supported high-entropy alloy nanoparticles applied in ammonia borane hydrolytic dehydrogenation

While high-entropy alloy nanoparticle (HEA NP) catalysts from a sacrificial high-entropy-MOF (HE-MOF) have been attractive, their conventional characterizations may be misleading. Here, we report HEA NPs on HE-MOF-derived carbon (HE-MDC) via direct pyrolysis of MnFeCoNiCu HE-MOF in Ar and H2 at different temperatures and durations with a fast-ramping rate. With the profound investigations of the metal NPs on HE-MDCs by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and absorption, we revealed that the Ar-treated HE-MDCs had either Cu-dominant solid solution or phase-segregated metal NPs, whereas H2 pyrolysis yielded well-dispersed HEA NPs on HE-MDCs. For ammonia borane hydrolysis, although the metal NP size in H2-treated HE-MDC was not the smallest, it showed the fastest dehydrogenation rate (TOF=5.76 molH₂∙min−1∙molcat-1), 2 ∼ 4 times faster than the Ar-treated HE-MDCs. It emphasized the crucial role of elemental uniformity in the HEA NPs over the traditionally reported catalyst size.

Controllable preparation of Co-based catalysts doped with Cu and Mo for boosting hydrogen evolution

Hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane hydrolysis is a promising way for utilization of clean energy. Development of efficient and stable non-noble catalysts for improvement of hydrogen generation rate is essential but still a challenge. Herein, the heterostructured Co-based catalysts were controllably designed by combining the synergistic effect with oxygen vacancy engineering to improve the hydrogen generation rate. CoCu1Mo3-NC-O-15 exhibits the TOF value of 24.44 min−1 at 298 K with addition of 0.44 M NaOH, which is nearly 68 times that of Co-NC. The activation energy over CoCu1Mo3-NC-O-15 is 28.44 kJ mol−1. The CoCu1Mo3-NC-O-15 catalyst presents the good stability in ammonia borane hydrolysis reaction due to the carbon-coated structure. The strong synergistic effect and oxygen vacancy are favorable to the adsorption and dissociation of NH3BH3 and H2O molecules, leading to an astonishing improvement of catalytic activity. This study provides a novel way to design the heterostructured catalysts and a rational way to boost the dehydrogenation rate from AB.

Role of the in situ formed LiAl(NH)2 and LiNH2 in significantly improving the hydrogen storage properties of the Mg(NH2)2-2LiH systems with Li3AlH6 addition

The Mg(NH2)2-2LiH system has attracted considerable interest due to its high hydrogen capacity and low theoretical dehydrogenation enthalpy. However, its practical application is limited by sluggish kinetics due to the slow mass transfer rate and the stable N-H bond. In response to these problems, this study introduced Li3AlH6 into the Mg(NH2)2-2LiH system, leveraging the mutual destabilization effects between lithium alanates and metal amides to attenuate the stability of the N-H bond in Mg(NH2)2. The results show that the Mg(NH2)2-2LiH-0.1Li3AlH6 composite can reversibly desorb/absorb hydrogen up to 4.33 wt% at 140 °C with an initial dehydrogenation temperature of 90 °C. This represents a significant improvement over the pristine sample's capacity of 1.23 wt% under the same conditions. Phase structure analyses reveal that the in situ formed LiAl(NH)2 and LiNH2 particles during ball milling play a crucial role in decreasing the energy required for cleaving the N-H bond, transferring mass, and initiating nucleation. Dehydrogenation curves suggest that the dehydrogenation process follows the Avrami-Erofe'ev equation, signifying that the process is controlled by both nucleation and diffusion processes. A pronounced correlation exists between dehydrogenation kinetic energy barriers and nucleation energy barriers of the dehydrogenation products. This finding implies that future reductions in operating temperature and enhancements of the dehydrogenation rate in the Mg(NH2)2-2LiH system can be achieved by decreasing the nucleation energy barriers of the dehydrogenation products.

Explosion characteristics of AlH3 dust cloud with varying micron particle sizes

The explosion characteristics of AlH3 dust clouds with varying micron particle sizes are investigated in this paper. The explosion mechanism of AlH3 dust clouds is initially explored. The results indicate that the activation energy for hydrogen evolution shows an increasing trend with the AlH3 particle size, and both of these values are comparable to the 30 kJ/mol desorption energy of hydrogen from large AlH3 clusters. Due to the rapid dehydrogenation rate and small-size residual aluminum core, fine AlH3 particles exhibit a continuous gas-phase flame and fast propagation velocity. With increasing particle size, the lower dehydrogenation rate, reduced specific surface area, and higher volume heat capacity contribute to a higher level of incomplete reaction. Consequently, large micro-sized AlH3 particles display a discrete flame, slower flame velocity, and lower explosion pressure. The flame delamination phenomenon is not observed in our experiments on AlH3 dust clouds.

Kinetic modeling of the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 over a CrOx/SiO2 catalyst and assessment of CO2 utilization

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide (ODPC) has gained attention as a sustainable process capable of simultaneously producing propylene and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, we developed a kinetic model of the ODPC over a silica-supported chromium oxide catalyst based on the Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism using the experimental data obtained under controlled conditions. The constructed model estimated both reactant conversions and propylene yield within an absolute error of 3% of the experimental data, confirming the integrity of the kinetic model. The kinetic analysis provides insight into the activation of propane and CO2 via several reactions occurring under ODPC conditions, emphasizing that the ODPC cycle is limited by the high energy barrier for CO2 activation. In addition, it allows comparison of the contributions of non-oxidative and oxidative dehydrogenation reactions, the two main reactions producing propylene under ODPC conditions. The estimation results show a significant increase in the reaction rate of ODPC with increasing CO2 partial pressure, in contrast to a nearly constant reaction rate of non-oxidative dehydrogenation, highlighting the promoting effect of CO2 in enhancing the ODPC reaction. Furthermore, the potential of the ODPC process is assessed by considering propylene productivity, net CO2 emissions, including the energy consumption for the separation process, and the global warming index of the energy grid. A comprehensive investigation of the ODPC process through controlled experiments, kinetic modeling and evaluation of net CO2 utilization provides insight into future strategies for using the ODPC as an efficient and eco-friendly process.

Half-Sandwich Iminophosphonamide Rhodium Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine-Borane

The dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane (DMAB) catalyzed by the iminophosphonamide rhodium(III) complexes [Cp*RhCl{Ph2P(N–p-Tol)(NR)}] (Iа, R = p-Tol; Ib, R = Me) in situ formed fulvene [(η4-C5Me4CH2)Rh(NPN)] (IIa, IIb) and diene [(η4-C5Me5H)Rh(NPN)] (IIIa, IIIb) rhodium(I) derivatives is studied. Catalysts IIIa and IIIb turn out to be the most active and demonstrate a TOF activity of 110 (IIIа) and 540 h–1 (IIIb) at 40°С in toluene. The activity decreases significantly in more polar and coordinating THF. At the same time, the rate of DMAB dehydrogenation by complexes Iа and Ib is lower by 10–30 times, and fulvene complexes Iа and Ib are rapidly deactivated after the active initial period (20% conversion). The kinetic studies show that the reaction has the first order with respect to the substrate and catalyst. The model 11В NMR experiments confirm that the reaction proceeds via the intermediate formation of a monomer Me2N=BH2, which rapidly dimerizes to (Me2N–BH2)2. The mechanism of DMAB dehydrogenation with the formation of unstable hydride intermediate [Cp*RhH{Ph2P(N–p-Tol)(NR)}] (IVa, IVb) is proposed on the basis of the preliminarily 31Р NMR results and published data.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТИЛЬНОЙ ГРУППЫ НА СКОРОСТЬ РЕАКЦИИ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ МЕТИЛЦИКЛОГЕКСАНОЛОВ НА МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОМ ЦЕОЛИТНОМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЕ

In this article has been carried out the study and comparing the reactivity of cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexanol isomers in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction over modified zeolite catalysts. For this purpose, have been investigated the kinetic laws for the two unstudied isomers of methylcyclohexanol (2- and 3-methylcyclohexanol), proposed the mechanisms, kinetic stage schemes for the formation of target products, and developed kinetic models of these processes. It has been found that the rates of oxidative dehydrogenation of all methylcyclohexanol isomers are practically the same and exceed the rate of oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.

Unraveling the Structure-Activity-Stability Relationship over Gallium-Promoted HZSM-5 Nanocrystalline Aggregates for Propane Aromatization.

The aromatization of light alkane is an important process for increasing the aromatic production and utilization efficiency of light alkane resources simultaneously. Herein, Ga-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and investigated by a series of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption to study their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in propane aromatization was also tested. Importantly, the structure-activity relationship, reaction pathway, and coke formation mechanism in propane aromatization were systematically explored. It was found that different Ga introduction methods would affect the amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, and Ga-HZSM-5 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibited higher amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites but a lower B/L ratio. As a result, Ga-HZSM-5 showed higher propane conversion and benzene, toluene, and xylene yield compared with that of Ga2O3/HZSM-5. The propane aromatization reaction pathway indicated that propane dehydrogenation to propene was a crucial step for aromatic formation. The increase of the Lewis acid density in Ga-HZSM-5 can effectively improve the dehydrogenation rate and promote the aromatization reaction. Furthermore, the formation of coke species was studied by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry and Raman approaches, the results of which indicated that the graphitization degree of coke formed over spent Ga-HZSM-5 is lower, resulting in enhanced anticoking stability.

First principles investigation of ammonia borane decomposition for understanding h-BN growth on the copper surface

Ammonia borane (AB) is a highly promising precursor for the large-scale growth hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. However, the unclear decomposition mechanism of precursor molecules on the Cu surface poses a great challenge for understanding the CVD growth process of h-BN. In this work, we addressed this issue by conducting first-principles calculations to investigate the decomposition mechanism of AB on the Cu surface. Our calculations revealed that AB preferentially decomposed into ammonia and borane. Further analysis demonstrates that borane exhibits a higher dehydrogenation rate than ammonia, suggesting a single atom self-assembly growth mode of h-BN under B-rich conditions. Our calculations revealed the formation of BNHx-related byproducts during h-BN growth using AB as a precursor, resulting from the intricate decomposition of AB on the Cu surface under CVD conditions. Our findings have significant implications for comprehending and controlling the growth of h-BN in CVD process.

Co–B supported on waxberry-like hierarchical porous carbon microspheres: An efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation via sodium borohydride hydrolysis

Rapid release of hydrogen at ambient condition is highly favorable and is necessary for fuel cell power generation on-demand. Hydrolysis of hydrides offers such advantage with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a representative exemplar. Despite with exceptionally high hydrogen content, the hydrolysis kinetics of NaBH4 is sluggish in the absence of catalyst. Co–B alloy has generally been employed as effective catalyst in the hydrolysis of borohydrides. However, Co–B particles are prone to agglomeration during the reaction, reducing the activity and durability of the catalyst. In this work, waxberry-like hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (HPCMs) were successfully prepared and were used as carriers to support Co–B particles to form the Co–B/HPCMs catalyst. The effects of HPCMs with different nitrogen contents in Co–B/HPCMs on the catalytic dehydrogenation rate of NaBH4 hydrolysis were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that Co–B/HPCM-2 exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 at 298 K, with a low activation energy of 43.3 kJ ·mol−1 and a high hydrogen generation rate of 3083.1 mlH2·min−1·g−1. Moreover, after five consecutive cycles, its catalytic activity maintained at 91.7 % of the initial catalytic activity, displaying satisfactory cycling performance. The findings obtained from this study are expected to expand a novel path for the development of efficient Co-based catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.

Solvent- and catalyst-free hydrogenation synthesis of lithium hydride at high altitude

A solvent- and catalyst-free hydrogenation synthesis methodology for lithium hydride (LiH) was developed at high altitude. The implementation of a dual thermostatic process proved to be pivotal in achieving high-crystallinity in the synthesized LiH. The synthesized LiH demonstrates a high degree of purity, reaching 99%. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted to measure the dehydrogenation amount, revealing a hydrogen weight percentage of 12.1%. The dehydrogenation rate was determined to be as high as 0.90 L/g·min. Furthermore, a comprehensive series of in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic characterizations were undertaken to elucidate the reaction dynamics of LiH when natural exposed to atmospheric conditions. This study presents an approach for the rapid and efficient production of lithium-based materials on a large scale intended for hydrogen storage.

Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of magnesium–gallium binary alloys

In this paper, gallium was used as alloying element to improve hydrogen storage properties of magnesium. Therefore, Mg–x wt% Ga (x = 5, 10, 25, 50) binary alloys were prepared by induction melting method. The microstructure and phase composition of Mg–Ga alloy were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The results show that Mg–Ga binary alloys consist of Mg and Mg5Ga2 phases. The Mg and Mg5Ga2 react with H2 to form Mg2Ga and MgH2 during hydrogenation process. The hydrogen storage kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the alloys were tested using a Sieverts-type apparatus. It is found that the dehydrogenation rates of the samples increase with increasing gallium content, and they are all better than pure magnesium. Thermal analysis results indicate that increasing gallium content decreases dehydrogenation temperature of Mg–Ga alloy. The beneficial effects of adding gallium in magnesium is that interfaces and secondary phase resulted from alloying can promote the hydrogen desorption process of the alloy. The Mg–50 wt% Ga alloy has the lowest dehydrogenation activation energy. However, increasing gallium content inevitably reduces the hydrogen storage capacity of the Mg–Ga alloys. Furthermore, alloying with gallium does not change the thermomechanical properties of magnesium.

Reduction of Cofed Carbon Dioxide Modifies the Local Coordination Environment of Zeolite-Supported, Atomically Dispersed Chromium to Promote Ethane Dehydrogenation.

The reduction of CO2 is known to promote increased alkene yields from alkane dehydrogenations when the reactions are cocatalyzed. The mechanism of this promotion is not understood in the context of catalyst active-site environments because CO2 is amphoteric, and even general aspects of the chemistry, including the significance of competing side reactions, differ significantly across catalysts. Atomically dispersed chromium cations stabilized in highly siliceous MFI zeolite are shown here to enable the study of the role of parallel CO2 reduction during ethylene-selective ethane dehydrogenation. Based on infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data interpreted through calculations using density functional theory (DFT), the synthesized catalyst contains atomically dispersed Cr cations stabilized by silanol nests in micropores. Reactor studies show that cofeeding CO2 increases stable ethylene-selective ethane dehydrogenation rates over a wide range of partial pressures. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate that during reaction at 650 °C the Cr cations maintain a nominal 2+ charge and a total Cr-O coordination number of approximately 2. However, CO2 reduction induces a change, correlated with the CO2 partial pressure, in the population of two distinct Cr-O scattering paths. This indicates that the promotional effect of parallel CO2 reduction can be attributed to a subtle change in Cr-O bond lengths in the local coordination environment of the active site. These insights are made possible by simultaneously fitting multiple EXAFS spectra recorded in different reaction conditions; this novel procedure is expected to be generally applicable for interpreting operando catalysis EXAFS data.

Mechanism of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in Mg/Cu9Al4 @Mg and MgH2/Cu9Al4 @MgH2: A DFT and experimental investigation

The Cu9Al4 intermetallic has been found to enhance the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation capabilities of Mg. However, its impact on kinetics is unclear. In the present work, the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated mechanism were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations. Experimental results show that the addition of Cu9Al4 IMC can promote the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg, which the dehydrogenation rate of Cu9Al4 @MgH2 is 3 times that of MgH2. AIMD simulations illustrate that the electron properties of Cu9Al4 @Mg and Cu9Al4 @MgH2 are different from that of pure Mg and MgH2, which lead to the change of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated mechanism in Mg/Cu9Al4 @Mg and MgH2/Cu9Al4 @MgH2. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of H atoms in Cu9Al4 @MgH2 is 4 times that in MgH2. The addition of Cu9Al4 IMC decreases the particle size of Cu9Al4 @Mg during ball milling and induces lattice distortion of Cu9Al4 @MgH2 during the dehydrogenation process. These changes may contribute to the enhancement of the dehydrogenation rate in Cu9Al4 @MgH2. This work complements the mechanism of IMC for improving the performance of hydrogen storage materials and provides a theoretical basis for the development of next-generation solid-state hydrogen storage materials.

Advances in liquid organic hydrogen carriers: developing efficient dehydrogenation strategies.

In pursuit of global carbon neutrality, countries are intensifying their efforts to harness clean energy sources. Hydrogen emerges as a superior alternative to traditional fossil fuels and plays a crucial role in the global energy shift. Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) systems are lauded for their high hydrogen storage capacity, ease of handling, and safe and efficient transportation, positioning them as effective solutions for extensive hydrogen storage and international distribution. Nevertheless, the dehydrogenation of hydrogen-rich LOHCs is slow, requiring high temperatures and substantial energy inputs. Addressing these challenges by reducing energy demands and improving dehydrogenation rates is essential for advancing LOHC technology. This paper comprehensively examines various LOHC systems, focusing on the selection of carriers and dehydrogenation catalysts, and their dehydrogenation efficacy. It also highlights our recent contributions in photocatalytic LOHC and outlines future research directions to enhance LOHC technology.

Amine-functionalized Schiff base covalent organic frameworks supported PdAuIr nanoparticles as high-performance catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation and hexavalent chromium reduction

Formic acid (FA) holds significant potential as a liquid hydrogen storage medium. However, it is important to improve the reaction rates and extend the practical applications of FA dehydrogenation and Cr(VI) reduction through the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This study reports the synthesis of a uniformly dispersed PdAuIr nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst loaded with amine groups covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The alloyed NPs demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in FA dehydrogenation rate and Cr(VI) reduction. The initial turnover of frequency (TOF) value for FA dehydrogenation without additives was 9970 h−1 at 298 K, the apparent activation energy (Ea) was 30.3 kJ/mol and the rate constant (k) for Cr(VI) reduction was 0.742 min−1. Additionally, it showcased the ability to undergo recycling up to six times with minimal degradation in performance. The results indicate that its remarkable catalytic performance can be attributed primarily to the favorable mass transfer attributes of the aminated COFs supports, the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), and the synergistic effects among the metals. This study offers a novel perspective on the advancement of efficient and durable heterogeneous catalysts with diverse capabilities, thereby making significant contributions to the fields of energy and environmental preservation.