Degree Of Information Content Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF THE “CHILDREN’S WORLD” DURING THE OCCUPATION OF PART OF THE NORTH OSSETIAN ASSR

Interest in the history of the Great Patriotic War is constantly increasing, while the research field is also expanding, covering those issues that have been previously unexplored. Until recently, such a “forbidden” subject was the everyday life of the population during the Nazi occupation. The paper attempts to shed light on the issue of children’s perception of the enemy and their aggressive policy, as well as children’s conduct in the conditions of the Nazi’s occupation of part of the territory of North Ossetian ASSR. Children, like all adults, endured hardships of war, complicated by the occupation regime of the fascist army. We introduce new materials of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices and the Damage They Caused (ChGK) on the territory of the North Ossetian ASSR, in which testimonies of children are recorded. The materials on the settlements of Alagir, Mozdok, Digora and Ardon, as well as the villages most affected by the occupation, were selected as reference materials. Recollections-interviews of 2000s, as another type of ego-documents, have been analyzed. The study was conducted with the use of the following methods: problem-chronological (the obtained material was analyzed according to the selected problems), anthropologically oriented (made it possible to take into account the age, psychological, status characteristics of children), comparative-historical (the problems identified in the memories were compared among different regions), systemic-structural (the main problems in children’s perception of military reality were highlighted) methods and means of content analysis, microhistory (allowed us to consider the child’s everyday practices) and interviewing. Thanks to the methods applied, it became possible to reconstruct the world of a wartime childhood. The analysis shows the degree of information content, reliability of the identified ego-documents. It has been revealed that the evidence taken in 1943-1944 is more objective than the memories recorded many years later. In the latter case, great emotionality is noted. However, the people’s recollections are fragmentary: they mainly consist of everyday hardships, problems, and only in some cases – the most vivid memories. The degree of their representativeness is inferior to the evidence taken directly after the events. Nonetheless, all documents related to children’s perception of the occupation make it possible to supplement the history of the war on a regional scale. The testimonies of the “little man”, whose children’s world was disturbed and traumatized, are of great importance for filling the scientific gaps in the history of the Great Patriotic War.

Visualization of internal defects using a deep generative neural network model and ultrasonic nondestructive testing

Introduction. The development of machine learning methods has given a new impulse to solving inverse problems in mechanics. Many studies show that along with well-behaved techniques of ultrasonic, magnetic, and thermal nondestructive testing, the latest methods are used, including those based on neural network models. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential application of machine learning methods in the problem of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Materials and Methods. We have developed an experimental model of acoustic ultrasonic non-destructive testing, in which the probing of the object under study takes place, followed by the recording of the response signals. The propagation of an ultrasonic wave is modeled by the finite difference method in the time domain. An ultrasonic signal received at the internal points of the control object is applied to the input of the convolutional neural network. At the output, an image that visualizes the internal defect is generated. Results. In the course of the performed complex of numerical experiments, a data set was generated for training a convolutional neural network. A convolutional neural network model, which is developed to solve the problem of visualizing internal defects based on methods of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, is presented. This model has a small size, which is 3.8 million parameters. Its simplicity and versatility provide high-speed learning and a wide range of applications in the class of related problems. The presented results show a high degree of information content of the ultrasonic response and its correspondence to the real form of an internal defect located inside the test object. The effect of geometric parameters of defects on the accuracy of the neural network model is investigated. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained have established that the proposed model shows a high operating accuracy (F1 > 0.95) in cases when the wavelength of the probe pulse is tens of times less than the size of the defect. We believe that the combination of the proposed methods in this approach can serve as a good starting point for future research in solving flaw defection problems and inverse problems in general.

Automated farm management system in Uzbekistan

The main task of using information technologies is not only the automation of labor-intensive processing processes, a large amount of data, but also the acquisition of qualitatively new information resources. Taking into account that information technologies today play a very important role in the development of various socio-economic processes, it is important to understand that they must develop and improve. Today, there are many problems in the development of modern information technologies, which is invariably reflected in the level of economic development of Uzbekistan. The first important issue is the training of information technology personnel. In order to get good specialists, the training process must be properly organized, centralized, and must be carried out using modern technologies. Also among the topical problems of modern information technologies are the prevalence of foreign information technologies in this area and a low percentage of domestic ones. In addition, an equally important problem of the information space of Uzbekistan is the lack of coordinated work between its individual information sectors (commercial, regional, state). The lack of proper interaction between these sectors leads to their ineffective work. It should be noted here that in Uzbekistan different regions have different degrees of information content. And this is the main constraint on the development of information technology. After all, it is the high level of informatization of citizens that is a necessary component of social progress. The presented work describes an automated farm management system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which was implemented within the framework of a scientific project of the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The experience of application, implementation of information technologies, information systems, scientific search systems and databases for processing, storage, analysis of data and results of scientific research, organization of research activities in the agricultural sector.

Campaign of Second Pacific Squadron and the Battle of Tsushima in 1905 in Publications of “Kuban Regional Vedomosti”

The fragments of essays of the newspaper "Kuban Regional Vedomosti", which was published in Yekaterinodar at the beginning of the 20th century are provided in the article. It is noted that during this period, printed periodicals were the only source of information about the events of the Russan-Japanese War (1904-1905), accessible to wide strata of society living in various regions of the Russian Empire. The presented results of the analysis of articles, essays and notes about the Battle of Tsushima and the activities of Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvensky allow us to judge what information was disseminated in Russian society through the periodical press. The author of this article, based on the publications of the newspaper “Kuban Regional Vedomosti”, explores the opinions of Russian and foreign military experts on the strategies and tactics of the Russian military command. The main attention is paid to the analysis of articles that describe the movements of the Russian naval squadron from the Baltic Sea to Vladivostok and the largest naval battle of the beginning of the 20th century near Tsushima Island. The relevance of the problems is due to the fact that in historical science there is no consensus on the causes of military defeat, as well as on the role of Z. P. Rozhestvensky. The degree of information content of the publications of the newspaper “Kuban Regional Vedomosti” about the events of the Russan-Japanese War is estimated, the pro-government ideological orientation of this periodical is illustrated with concrete examples.

The history of microbiologist Z.V. Ermoleva’s scientific activity: a brief overview of soviet historiography

The paper attempts to analyze the key lines of the soviet historiography in the coverage of scientific and organizational activities of Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva, as well as to characterize the degree of information content of publications on the problem. Z.V.Ermoleva (18981974) is a famous soviet medical scientist, a microbiologist and a bacteriogenic, a winner of the Stalin prize I degree, an honored worker of science of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, a professor, a doctor of medical sciences, an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Her scientific and practical activities helped to save thousands of people from death. One of the most famous achievements of Z.V.Ermoleva was the invention of the first domestic antibiotic penicillin-krustosin and the establishment of its industrial production in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. There were also numerous works on the study of cholera vibrions, interferon, lysozyme, various types of antibiotics and their combinations. Z.V.Ermolevas life as well as the history of her research activities are not well reflected in scientific literature. Unfortunately, no historiographical work has been published on the history of this amazing woman scientist. This historiographical review is not exhaustive; it should be perceived as a ground for a further study of her scientific work. Due to the specificity of the subject under consideration, the historiographical review is based on the problem principle.

Принятие решений на основе вывода по прецедентам в моделировании месторождений нефти и газа

This article describes a case-based reasoning (CBR) method as a decision-making tool in modeling oil and gas fields, its existing and potential application in the industry. The main direction for the application of the CBR method is the search for analogous objects for the design of oil and gas field development. The current engineering practice involves a vaguely formalized method of analogies, which does not allow defining the object as much as possible authentically the analogue that does not cause errors. The analogue object serves not only as a source of ready-made near optimal design solutions, but also as additional information about the object of development and key decisions in modeling hydrocarbon fields.<br> This paper considers the CBR method as the main tool for finding analogue objects, the main methods of extracting precedents from the database, and gives an idea of the object of development as a precedent. Proceeding from the peculiarities of presenting the object of development as a precedent and the peculiarities of applying the methods of extracting precedents, the authors have developed the concept of searching for analogue objects. In its implementation, it will allow for a different degree of information content of precedents stored in the database and will accelerate the procedure of extracting precedents from the database. The principal novelty is that the presented conceptual scheme allows using the methods of extracting precedents in the conditions of insufficient input data, which is important for the design of oil and gas fields.

Записки князя К. А. Вяземского о путешествии по Китаю в 1894—1895 годах как исторический источник (по страницам журнала «Русское обозрение»)

The article presents fragments of travel notes of Prince K. A. Vyazemsky, compiled during his trip to the Eastern States and published in the journal “Russkoye obozrenie,” which was published in Moscow at the end of the 19 th century. It is noted that in the 19 th century printed periodicals were the only source of information about the Asian States available to the general public living in different regions of the Russian Empire. The analysis of publications about China allows to judge not only how the Russian traveler perceived the Chinese culture, but also what information was transmitted to the Russian society through the periodical press. The author characterize those aspects of life of the population of the Qing Empire, which attracted the greatest attention of the Russian traveler. The subject of the study is the image of China created by K. A. Vyazemsky. The main attention is paid to the analysis of articles that describe Chinese spiritual and material culture. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that for historical science it is important to attract the attention of the general public to the characteristics of the everyday life of representatives of different segments of China society (high-ranking official, successful trader, innkeeper, peasant, servant), the rules of etiquette, features of national character. The author evaluates the degree of information content of K. A. Vyazemsky’s travel notes. Specific examples illustrate the Eurocentric views of the Russian aristocrat, which influenced the assessment of what he was able to see in China.

Information content of slug tests for estimating hydraulic properties in realistic, high-conductivity aquifer scenarios

Summary A recently developed unified model for partially-penetrating slug tests in unconfined aquifers ( Malama et al., in press ) provides a semi-analytical solution for aquifer response at the wellbore in the presence of inertial effects and wellbore skin, and is able to model the full range of responses from overdamped/monotonic to underdamped/oscillatory. While the model provides a unifying framework for realistically analyzing slug tests in aquifers (with the ultimate goal of determining aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity K and specific storage S s ), it is currently unclear whether parameters of this model can be well-identified without significant prior information and, thus, what degree of information content can be expected from such slug tests. In this paper, we examine the information content of slug tests in realistic field scenarios with respect to estimating aquifer properties, through analysis of both numerical experiments and field datasets. First, through numerical experiments using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for gauging parameter uncertainty and identifiability, we find that: (1) as noted by previous researchers, estimation of aquifer storage parameters using slug test data is highly unreliable and subject to significant uncertainty; (2) joint estimation of aquifer and skin parameters contributes to significant uncertainty in both unless prior knowledge is available; and (3) similarly, without prior information joint estimation of both aquifer radial and vertical conductivity may be unreliable. These results have significant implications for the types of information that must be collected prior to slug test analysis in order to obtain reliable aquifer parameter estimates. For example, plausible estimates of aquifer anisotropy ratios and bounds on wellbore skin K should be obtained, if possible, a priori. Secondly, through analysis of field data – consisting of over 2500 records from partially-penetrating slug tests in a heterogeneous, highly conductive aquifer, we present some general findings that have applicability to slug testing. In particular, we find that aquifer hydraulic conductivity estimates obtained from larger slug heights tend to be lower on average (presumably due to non-linear wellbore losses) and tend to be less variable (presumably due to averaging over larger support volumes), supporting the notion that using the smallest slug heights possible to produce measurable water level changes is an important strategy when mapping aquifer heterogeneity. Finally, we present results specific to characterization of the aquifer at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. Specifically, we note that (1) K estimates obtained using a range of different slug heights give similar results, generally within ±20%; (2) correlations between estimated K profiles with depth at closely-spaced wells suggest that K values obtained from slug tests are representative of actual aquifer heterogeneity and not overly affected by near-well media disturbance (i.e., “skin”); (3) geostatistical analysis of K values obtained indicates reasonable correlation lengths for sediments of this type; and (4) overall, K values obtained do not appear to correlate well with porosity data from previous studies.

Eigen analysis of the stability and degree of information content in correlation matrices constructed from property time series data

Property is an asset which forms part of the portfolios of many investors, particularly institutional ones, along with equities and bonds. Techniques from physics, particularly that of random matrix theory, have provided powerful insights into the behaviour of financial assets. A large database providing time series data for over 10,000 individual properties is available for the UK. Some of the data is available at an annual and some at a monthly frequency. However, even at the monthly frequency, only a relatively small number of observations is available, certainly in comparison with that available with financial assets. A key issue in translating methods of analysis in financial markets to property data is whether they are applicable given the small number of data points available. This paper addresses this issue. Using the tools of random matrix theory, we find that a great deal of information is contained within property data. The correlations between different types and geographical locations of property tend to have far more true information and be more stable over time than is the case with financial data, despite the large number of observations available with the latter.

Information Content and the Speed of Stock Price Adjustment

The process by which security prices adjust to the release of information is an area of study which has received much attention in accounting and finance. In finance, the main interest has been whether prices adjust in a rapid and unbiased manner to new information. In accounting, the focus has been more on whether different accounting disclosures have information content. The study reported here combined both interests in that we investigated the speed of adjustment of releases of information which had different degrees of information content. As illustrations, Dann, Mayers, and Rabb [1977] tested the sensitivity of a block-trade trading rule to the speed of price adjustments. This rule (first suggested by Grier and Albin [1973]) is based on the assumption that abnormal returns can be earned by purchasing shares at the block price and selling at that day's closing price. Dann, Mayers, and Rabb (hereafter DMR) found that unless one could purchase the stock within five minutes of the block trade the profitability of the Grier and Albin rule was seriously impaired. They also found the market price to be an unbiased estimate of the closing price within 15 minutes of the block trade. Similarly, Hillmer and Yu [1979] devised an alternative test for the speed of price adjustment based on a cumulative sum technique. They illustrated the technique by testing for shifts in the parameters of the distributions of price changes and of transaction frequencies around five information events-two earnings announcements and three defense