Degree Of Dissatisfaction Research Articles

Dysmorphophobia as a factor that worsens the affective state and the life quality of patients with eating disorders. The final data of the study

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) take one of the first places in the risk of fatal outcome among eating disorders, have a tendency to chronicity and high suicidal risk. Psychopathological basis for AN and BN is a dysmorfofobia or a pathological dissatisfaction with one’s body, characterized by intrusive, overvalued or delusional ideas of physical disability. Dysmorfofobia affects the formation of affective pathology and reduces the life quality.ObjectivesThe study of the correlation between the degree of dissatisfaction with one’s bodies, affective disorders and life quality of patients with AN and BN.Methods130 female patients with AN and BN at the age of 13-44 years (the average age is 18). The disease duration from 6 months to 24 years. Validated Questionnaire image of one’s own body (QIOB) and the Scale of satisfaction with one’s body (SSOB); Hospital anxiety and depression scale (Zigmond A.); Questionnaire for the assessment of life quality (SF-36); Microsoft Excel standard correlation calculation.ResultsDissatisfaction with one’s body based on QIOB and SSOB tests has a significant positive correlation with anxiety and depression, a significant correlation with the psychological component of health, a weak correlation with the physical component of health.ConclusionsDissatisfaction with one’s body or dysmorfofobia of patients with AN and BN significantly affects their affective state and psychological component of life quality which leads to a decrease in functioning up to social maladaptation and disability to social maladjustment. The publication was prepared with the support of the “RUDN University Program 5-100”.

PAKISTAN AFGHAN RELATION: HISTORY CONFLICTS AND CHALLENGES


 
 Pakistan and Afghanistan, two immediate Muslim neighbors, that not only share a common border but also have many other commonalities such as; linguistic, strong historical, ethnic, cultural, and religious ties. Despite of its geo-strategic location and various common factors, nature of Pak- Afghan ties the nature of PakAfghan relations is characterized by mistrust and suspicions and painful experience for both of them. Since its inception, Pakistan faces a hostile attitude from its western neighbor Afghanistan. Except during the Taliban’s four-year era, all the rulers of Afghanistan showed fluctuating degrees of dissatisfaction towards Pakistan. Conflict over Duran line, Soviet-Afghan war Pakistan support to Taliban, Pakistan role in War on Terror, and growing cross border militancy has stained relation between both countries. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the Pakistan Afghanistan relation in a historical context and highlight those factors which were the main hurdles in the way of a smooth and positive relation.
 
 
 
 

A new many-objective green dynamic scheduling disruption management approach for machining workshop based on green manufacturing

Since disturbance events such as equipment failure often occur in the production process of machining workshop, the scheduling plan needs to be rescheduled. However, the existing rescheduling strategy is difficult to effectively reduce the deviation between the rescheduling plan and the initial scheduling plan. In this article, a new disruption management method is proposed. It includes the disruption management model and the many-objective optimization algorithm. The production scheduling system is a typical man-machine system. The disruption management model not only measures scheduling stability and robustness but also measures the dissatisfaction degree of behavioral agent. It is conducive to comprehensively and scientifically measures the deviation between the rescheduling plan and the initial scheduling plan. When solving the disruption management model, the existing many-objective optimization algorithm cannot effectively balance convergence and diversity. A new algorithm named NSGA–III–RPE is proposed. The NSGA–III–RPE designs improved the r-dominance relationship and a new elite strategy to dynamically transform the Pareto set into the partially ordered set. These improved operations can increase the selection pressure and improve the convergence speed. Different from traditional rescheduling strategy, the new disruption management can comprehensively measure disturbance deviation including the behavioral agents and physical entities in the system, and use NSGA-Ⅲ-RPE algorithm to optimize the disruption management model. Thus, it can quickly obtain an adjusted scheduling plan that has the smallest deviation from the initial scheduling plan. Experimental results on benchmarks also demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the NSGA–III–RPE algorithm. IGD and HV indicators of NSGA-Ⅲ-RPE are superior to other algorithms. Finally, the new disruption management method is applied to the machining workshop. Compared with the results of total rescheduling method, robustness, stability, and the satisfaction degree of customer increase by 37.25%, 34.14%, 13.87% respectively. It can effectively reduce the deviation between the rescheduling plan and the initial scheduling plan. The new disruption management method is conducive to improve production efficiency, stability and reduce process costs in dynamic manufacturing environment of the machining workshop.

THE READINESS OF A YOUNG COUPLE TO ADOPT A CONSTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR DURING CONFLICT AS A FACTOR OF MENTAL HEALTH AND MARITAL SATISFACTION

The aim: To study the readiness of young couples to adopt a constructive behavior during conflict as a factor of mental health and marital satisfaction. Materials and methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional plan. The sample comprised 216 young families (n = 432 persons), and mixed methods design was used. The respondents were asked to evaluate the level of marital satisfaction, family value coherence, and anxiety to make a self-assessment of the level of conflict in their own family. Results: The participants showed a fairly high degree of marital dissatisfaction, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The members of young dysfunctional families resorted to destructive behavior during conflicts, indicating the deteriorating mental health in these families. The stability of relationship between spouses is founded in their willingness to adopt a constructive behavior during conflict. Conclusions: The study helps understand the importance of the ability to adopt a constructive behavior during conflict in the context of family mental health and marital satisfaction. The findings of this study can serve as the basis for framing counseling programs for young families.

Risk factors for eating disturbance in adolescent girls with dysregulation of the menstrual cycle

Summary.The article presents the results of eating behavior and personality traits study in a group of adolescent girls who consulted a gynecologist in connection with menstrual irregularities.The aimof the study was to identify risk factors for eating disturbance in adolescent girls with menstrual dysregulation.Materials and methods:were examined 75 adolescent girls with various disorders of the menstrual cycle (amenorrhea, opsooligomenorrhea, menorrhagia) and 25 girls of the control group. The characteristic features of eating disorders, the degree of dissatisfaction with one’s appearance, the level of self-esteem, various aspects of self-attitude, the severity of perfectionism and the level of anxiety were assessed. The main factors that determine the relationship between eating behavior and personal characteristics were identified using factor analysis. Risk factors for the development of the main symptoms of eating disorders (drive for thinness and bulimia) in adolescent girls were assessed using regression analysis.Results.It was found that girls with menstrual irregularities are more prone to episodes of overeating and the use of cleansing procedures, they have lower self-esteem and a more negative self-attitude. There were no significant differences in the girls’ assessment of their body image depending on the presence or absence of menstrual irregularities, as well as on the type of disturbances. This assessment in all cases had a tendency to negative perception of varying severity. Factor analysis of indicators of eating disturbances and personality traits in the study groups showed that eating disturbances in girls are closely associated with a negative attitude towards their bodies and with indicators of anxiety. Regression analysis identified indicators affecting drive for thinness and bulimic behavior that differed between groups.Conclusion.Eating behavior in adolescent girls is mediated through various psychological characteristics, including those associated with the features of the menstrual cycle.

Burnout in nurses working in China: A national questionnaire survey.

This study aimed to assess the overall status of burnout in nurses in China on a national scale and investigate the demographic characteristics related to burnout and the relationships between demographics, job satisfaction and burnout. This was a national cross-sectional study conducted by the Chinese Nursing Association between July 2016 and July 2017. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 51406 registered nurses in 311 Chinese cities completed the questionnaire. Fifty per cent of the participants suffered burnout, and 33.8% of nurses had high scores on emotional exhaustion, 66.6% had high scores on depersonalization and 93.5% had low scores on personal accomplishment; 16.2% reported a high level of job satisfaction, only 0.4% was satisfied with their jobs and 70.7% intended to leave their jobs. Marital status, educational level, income and years of working experience affected job burnout. Nurses with a high level of burnout were more likely to have a high degree of job dissatisfaction and intend to leave their jobs. We found a high prevalence of burnout among nurses in China. Nursing managers need to pay more attention to job burnout and its influencing factors. Interventions to reduce nurse burnout should be implemented.

Assessment method for civil aircraft cabin comfort: Contributing factors, dissatisfaction indicators, and degrees of influence

Civil aircraft cabin comfort is a significant consideration for travelers when selecting an airline. Based on questionnaires, this study developed an assessment method that identified the indicators of cabin-comfort dissatisfaction and determined the degrees of dissatisfaction. Questionnaires were distributed to passengers traveling on Chinese airlines, and the data were processed using an assessment model. Five factors comprising 36 total indicators were found to affect cabin comfort at different levels; the degree of dissatisfaction reflected the level of influence. Based on responses to open-ended questions in the survey and the identified degrees of dissatisfaction, the indicators were sorted into three levels: significantly affect comfort, generally affect comfort, and slightly affect comfort. This hierarchical division helps clarify which indicators should be prioritized for improvement. These research findings can help establish strategies to improve cabin comfort in civil aircraft and other forms of public transport.

Prevalence and factors associated with body dysmorphic disorder in women under dermatological care at a Brazilian public institution

BackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder consists of excessive concern with minimal appearance defects, which causes functional impairment. Its prevalence is estimated to range from 5% to 35% of dermatological patients, especially adult women with esthetic complaints. ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with dysmorphic disorder in female dermatological patients, in a public institution in Brazil. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving adult women attended at a public dermatological service in Brazil. Participants underwent a demographic survey, in addition to a screening form for body dysmorphic disorder (Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination [BDDE]). The presence of dysmorphic disorder (BDDE > 66 points) was assessed among the participants according to demographic covariates and psychological problems, through logistic regression. ResultsA total of 223 women were evaluated. The BDDE showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90). It is noteworthy the high prevalence of psychological problems and the fact that over one-third (38%) of the sample presented a high degree of dissatisfaction with their image. The prevalence of dysmorphic disorder was 48% among women with esthetic complaints and 30% among the others (p < 0.01). Lower family income (OR = 2.97), history of domestic violence (OR = 3.23), search for dermatological care due to an esthetic complaint (OR = 2.05), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.22) were independently associated with the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder. Study limitationsThis was a single-center study of a non-randomized sample from public service. ConclusionsBody dysmorphic disorder is prevalent among female dermatological patients; it is associated with traumatic psychological experiences, lower income, affective disorders, and demand for esthetic care. It is essential to recognize the diagnosis in order to treat such patients and refer them for appropriate psychiatric treatment instead of trying to satisfy their esthetic demands.

Weighted dual hesitant fuzzy set and its application in group decision making

The dual hesitant fuzzy set(DHFS) is a useful tool to deal with situations in which people are hesitant about providing their satisfaction degree and dissatisfaction degree. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of weighted dual hesitant fuzzy set(WDHFS) and weighted dual hesitant fuzzy element(WDHFE). Furthermore, we introduce some basic operations such as union, intersection, complement, multiplication and power operation of weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements, investigate their operation properties, propose the score function and the accuracy function of WDHFE to compare two weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements, and present two kinds of aggregation operators such as WDHFWA operator and WDHFWG operator to fuse weighted dual hesitant fuzzy information. Besides, we introduce the concept of hesitance degree of WDHFE, and propose a distance measure between weighted dual hesitant fuzzy elements based on the feature vector of WDHFE, which satisfies the four properties including triangle inequality. In addition, we develop an approach to group decision making based on the weighted dual hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of our proposed approach.

Survey Based Evaluation of Indoor Environment in an Administrative Military Facility

Military facilities feature distinctive requirements with regards to building technical and structural design, material use and indoor environmental conditions (IEC), as these buildings serve specific purpose and the personnel occupying the premises may wear uniform or protective clothing (administrative staff, special forces, training personnel etc.), that can greatly affect their satisfaction level with thermal comfort and productivity.&#x0D; In order to acquire data on the actual indoor environment conditions and obtain a feedback from the occupying personnel on their satisfaction level with the IEC in an administrative military building situated in a special purpose military compound, a series of IAQ measurements (temperature, humidity, CO2 level) and a survey on indoor air quality and thermal comfort was conducted in different premises of the administrative office building. A total of 73 respondents occupying the building participated in the survey.&#x0D; The results of the conducted survey revealed that there is a high degree of dissatisfaction with the IEC in military buildings, that is attributed to inadequate ventilation and overtemperature. That matched the collected indoor environmental quality (IEQ) data, forming a direct relationship between the poor energy efficiency and low satisfaction rate with IEC.&#x0D; The study reiterates the need to address the poor current technical state of unclassified building stock, emphasizes the call for developing clear regulatory requirements for newly-constructed unclassified buildings and thorough feasibility assessment for renovation projects. &#x0D;

The Experience of Oncology Healthcare Providers in the Central Italy during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Simple SummaryFew data in the literature are available about the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare providers in Italy, especially with regards to different regions. In the present work, the “VIRARE” survey was addressed to all the healthcare providers in the Lazio region and, in particular, to those working in the oncology field. Healthcare providers’ opinions on the impact and on the management of the pandemic have been analyzed, to provide an exhaustive overview about the level of their experienced psychological distress.While the emotional response of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic has been extensively investigated in countries in the Far-East, little is known about the psychological impact and the associated emotional distress of healthcare providers in Italy, especially with regard to different regions. The aim of the “VIRARE” survey, which was addressed to all the healthcare providers in the Lazio region (central Italy) and, in particular, to those working in the oncology field, is to analyze their opinion on the impact and management of the pandemic, to better understand the level of their psychological distress. A global good psychological response of healthcare providers to the pandemic has emerged, independently from their different occupations in the oncology field. Healthcare providers show a high degree of resilience, identifying the major causes of distress the difficulty of the management of this situation, the obstacles in their working activity and expressing a high degree of dissatisfaction with how Italian institutions handled this situation. This survey also provides a direct comparison between COVID-19-infected (or directly in contact with COVID-19-infected patients) and uninfected healthcare providers, identifying the sub-category of infected professionals that reported signs of depression as particularly vulnerable.

Exploring passenger convenience using actual bus traffic data in Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India

Transportation is the heart of development of any region. It helps to operate all economic activities in all types of region of the world. This study is focus not only movement of passengers in different route but also it aims to identify about the satisfaction level of daily passengers regarding the traffic, congestion and timing of the road transport. Here emphasis given to bus route transport as the study area is well equipped with bus transportation. Passenger inconvenience data have been collected through primary survey. The result of the study shows that traffic congestion, passenger congestion is not the main concern of the passenger mainly the daily passenger who had to travel a long distance every day. The result of the study found that the timing of the transport system is the major matter of concern of the passenger. To identify the passenger inconvenience ‘Dissatisfaction degree’ method has been applied here that depicts that passenger are very annoyed regarding long time waiting at the bus stops. To manage this kind of problems transport union must have to take some managerial steps like increases the number of buses in the routes, increase the number of buses in the busiest time period, use GPS tracking system in the bus so that a passenger can easily track their vehicle, arrange e-ticketing system to avoid rushes etc.

Research on Multi-objective Optimization Method of Central Air Conditioning Air Treatment System Based on NSGA-II

In this paper, the composition, working principle and characteristics of the central air conditioning air treatment system are comprehensively analyzed, the energy consumption equipment of the air treatment system is established, the energy consumption model of the chilled water pump and fan is established, and the sum of the energy consumption models of the pump and fan is used as the air The total energy consumption model of the processing system is given, and the constraint conditions of the objective function are given. The characteristics of the evaluation index PMV describing the application of the human body’s cold and hot feeling and the PPD index characterizing the degree of dissatisfaction in the thermal environment are analyzed. The room comfort model with the smallest PPD value is established. Finally, the minimum total energy consumption of the air treatment system and the smallest PPD value are established Established a multi-objective optimization model. The NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the established multi-objective function, and the optimal solution set satisfying the two conditions is obtained.

Factors associated with quality of life in cutaneous lupus erythematosus using the Revised Wilson and Cleary Model.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in adults and identify the clinical and non-clinical factors associated with quality of life (QoL), using the Revised Wilson and Cleary Model. 101 patients diagnosed with CLE were included in this cross-sectional study. QoL was measured with the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Quality of Life (CLEQoL) scale and disease activity and damage with the Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index (CLASI). Patient demographics, clinical, and disease characteristics were also collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple regression was employed to determine significant (p < 0.05) predictors of overall QoL. Data were analyzed using SPSS v24. The overall regression QoL model was significantly different from zero, (F = 24.96; df = 14, 76; p = <0.001). Disease activity (β = 0.13), pain (β = 0.13), fatigue (β = 0.24), body image (β = 0.62), and side effects (β = -0.13) were significant predictors of overall QoL while controlling for other predictor variables. Patients who experienced higher levels of disease activity, fatigue severity, pain levels, and greater degree of body dissatisfaction had significantly poorer QoL. Fewer side effects experienced from CLE medications were significantly associated with higher QoL. Study findings support the considerable burden associated with CLE. Several modifiable variables such as pain, fatigue, body image, and disease activity were associated with QoL. Therefore, interventions that incorporate these variables may reduce negative impacts on QoL life and improve health outcomes in CLE patients. Furthermore, given the chronic and recurring nature of the condition, strategies focused on improving QoL are needed for this vulnerable population.

Validation of the body image dimensional assessment in adolescents from Spanish high school.

There are not many valid instruments to quickly and easily identify body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Most studies have used the Stunkard Rating Scale to assess body image. Nevertheless, this scale has been described as too abrupt and crude for adolescents. Was to validate the body image dimensional assessment (BIDA) questionnaire in a sample of adolescents from Secondary schools of Spain. The BIDA consists of four items to answer with reference to a series of four silhouettes using a numeric scale that allows the quantification of the degree of body dissatisfaction (BD), sexual body dissatisfaction (SxBD), comparative body dissatisfaction (CBD) and the calculation of the final body dissatisfaction index (BDIndex). The sample included 2059 adolescents, 1132 males and 929 females aged 13.10 ± 0.89. Participants answered the BIDA and then their anthropometrics measurements were taken. Reliability test, a convergent test and confirmatory factorial analysis were conducted to validate BIDA instrument. A single factor structure emerged from confirmatory factorial analysis; the BIDA demonstrated adequate internal consistency in adolescents: (CFI > 0.90, TLI > 0.90, α > 0.80). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) emerged between the BIDA indices and all the anthropometric measures. The BIDA questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate body dissatisfaction in Spanish adolescents. Level V, descriptive study.

Sexual dysfunctions in female university students and the correlation with body image: a cross-sectional study

Purpose This study aims to correlate female sexual dysfunctions and dissatisfaction with female university students' body image. Methods 276 female university students completed an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Results 31.1% reported some degree of dissatisfaction with body image, and 39.5% had a risk of female sexual dysfunction. The majority of women with a risk of female sexual dysfunctions (69.4%) had no concerns with shape, and the majority of women without sexual problems (67.7%) had no concerns with shape. Pearson’s coefficient underlined no correlation between Body Shape Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index domains. Conclusion The body image perception did not seem to affect the sexual function of female university students in our sample. However, it is important to further investigate these variables to improve women’s quality of life.

Patient-reported outcomes in adult females with bladder exstrophy: A study of long-term sexual, reproductive and urinary outcomes using social media

Limited data exist on patient-reported outcomes in adults with bladder exstrophy (BE). We partnered with the Association for the Bladder Exstrophy Community (A-BE-C) using social media to survey adult females with BE. The aim of the study was to assess long-term patient-reported sexual, reproductive and continence outcomes. Between December 3, 2018 and January 18, 2019, A-BE-C promoted an anonymous survey of adult females with BE on social media. The survey included the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) in addition to questions on demographics, reproductive and gynecological outcomes. A total of 130 women with a median age of 30 years (IQR 26, 41) completed the survey. The majority of women were born in the United States (N=86, 66.2%). Women reported a median of 10 (IQR 5, 17) surgeries performed for their condition. The mean ICIQ-SF score was 6.2±6.2 (moderate). Only 19.2% (N=25) reported volitionally voiding and the majority reported intermittent catheterization through a catheterizeable channel or the urethra (Summary Table). The mean FSFI score was (20.1±9.0), indicating risk for sexual dysfunction (FSFI<26.55). Of the respondents, 28.5% (N=37) were treated for uterine prolapse, 56.9% (N=74) required surgery in order to use tampons or have penetrative intercourse, and over half (55.4%) reported some degree of dissatisfaction with the appearance of their external genitalia. Forty-seven women (36.2%) reported pregnancies, and of these 32 (68.1%) reported complications with pregnancy. Outcomes of 100 pregnancies included miscarriage/abortion (41.0%), preterm vaginal (3.0%), preterm cesarean section (19.0%), term vaginal (2.0%), and term cesarean section (35.0%). Seven (15.2%) women identified having children with a medical diagnosis, none of which included BE. Infertility was reported in 17.3% (22/127) women. Women identified sexual function, fertility, and body image as areas that need future research. This is the largest study of patient-reported outcomes in females with BE achieved through partnership with an advocacy group and social media. We found that continence and sexual function were both impaired in adult women with BE. Respondents reported poor obstetric and gynecological outcomes including infertility, uterine prolapse, vaginal stenosis, and need for multiple surgeries. BE surgeons, through multi-institutional collaboration, should continue to reassess surgical techniques at initial repair to better address these functional issues. These results should be a part of counseling parents of newborns with BE.

Quality Improvement Priorities for Cosmetic Store Service Using Kano Model and Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement Index

The environmental changes in the Korean cosmetic medical service industry in the 21st century are forming intense competition among medical institutions due to the quantitative expansion of its market. For stable growth of the cosmetic medical service industry, continuous quality improvement is necessary based on empirical research on the quality of cosmetic medical services rather than external expansion. The purpose of this study is to classify the quality attributes of cosmetic medical service using Kano model and to derive the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of each quality attributes through Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CSC). Through this, the study identified strategic priorities and suggested specific step-by-step approaches and quality improvement priorities that can increase customer satisfaction using the Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement Index (PCSI Index). Based on SERVPERF, this study used measurement tools consisting of five dimensions : tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In addition, it was used of measurement items reconstructed into positive, negative, and satisfaction questions for Kano model analysis, CSC analysis, and PCSI Index analysis. A total of 300 medical consumers who experienced cosmetic medical services for the past one year in medical institutions such as plastic surgery and dermatology were collected with convenient sampling. As a result, urgent items for improving the quality of service using the PCSI Index, ‘Consideration for customer benefits’ in empathy category was followed by ‘Immediate help’ and ‘Sincere response’ in responsiveness category, and ‘Understanding customer needs’ in empathy category, respectively. That is, it is required to improve human service quality attributes such as empathy and responsiveness rather than physical service quality attributes. This study contributes practically in that it provides specific and discriminatory approaches to improve customer satisfaction on cosmetic medical service quality and suggests improvement priorities.

SUN-079 Baseline Body Satisfaction in Gender-Diverse Youth

Background: Body dissatisfaction often contributes to the distress experienced by transgender and nonbinary individuals. However, limited data exist regarding body image in the pediatric age range. Objective: To establish baseline ratings of body satisfaction among gender-diverse youth prior to puberty blocking medication. Methods: Subjects were recruited from the gender health clinic at Riley Hospital for Children beginning in January 2018. Eligible subjects met clinical criteria for a puberty blocker, were treatment naïve, and were anticipated to be on a blocker alone for ≥ 1 year. We assessed self-reported body satisfaction at baseline using the Body Image Scale-Gender Spectrum. Subjects rated various body parts on a scale of 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (very dissatisfied). For analysis, body parts were grouped into gendered features (primary sex, secondary sex, & neutral characteristics) and also body areas (appearance/hair/voice, head & neck, musculoskeletal, hips, chest, & genitals/gonads).1 Results: Twenty subjects (mean age 12.0, range 8.4-14.0) were enrolled of whom 13 were transmasculine (TM) and 7 were transfeminine (TF). TM subjects had a mean BMI percentile of 73.7% and height z-score of 0.50, with breast Tanner stage (TS) of II (n=2), III (n= 3), IV (n=3) and V (n=4). Estradiol levels ranged from <20-120 pg/mL and testosterone levels ranged from <10-38 ng/dL. TF subjects had a mean BMI percentile of 65.3% and height Z-score of 0.58, with testicular volumes of 5 cc (n=1), 6 cc (n=2), 9 cc (n=1), 10 cc (n=1) and 15 cc (n=1). Testosterone levels ranged from <10-215 ng/dL and estradiol levels ranged from <5-31 pg/mL. Among all subjects, mean satisfaction ratings for gendered features were 4.45 (primary sex characteristics), 3.21 (secondary sex characteristics), and 2.61 (neutral characteristics). Mean satisfaction ratings for body areas were 4.45 (genitals/gonads), 3.85 (chest), 3.23 (appearance/hair/voice), 3.03 (hips), 2.83 (musculoskeletal), and 2.55 (head & neck). The only significant between-group difference in satisfaction was for the chest region, with TM subjects reporting higher dissatisfaction (4.35 vs 2.93, p <0.004). Conclusion: The gender-diverse youth in our study reported high degrees of dissatisfaction with their genitals/gonads and, for TM subjects, their chest. In contrast, they reported generally neutral feelings toward many of their other body parts. To the best of our knowledge this is the youngest cohort of gender-diverse youth in whom body satisfaction has been explored. Further studies of the effects of endocrine treatment on body image in gender-diverse youth are warranted, specifically as they relate to other measures of well-being.

Self-perception of body image in college students of a nutrition course

Objective: To evaluate the body image of university students in the course of nutrition. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 181 students of both genders from the Nutrition Undergraduate of Maranhão, Brazil. The presence and degree of dissatisfaction with body shape were evaluated by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ 34), another instrument used in this study was Body Figure Silhouettes (BFS). Results: The participants presented mean age of 23.1 (±5.2) years, majority women (89.5%). Most of the subjects were eutrophic (66.9%) according to BMI, and no image perception disorder according to BSQ34. According to the BSF, 56 students had the silhouette represented by figure 4, however, the figure most desired by 111 students was demonstrated by silhouette 3, (p-value 0.000). Demonstrating the desire for weight loss of the majority, despite being represented by a silhouette eutrophic. Conclusion: Most (66.9%) eutrophic, according to BMI and without image disturbances (54.7%) according to BSQ 34. However, there is a trend of overweight and obese individuals presenting with image disorders.