Degree Of Closure Research Articles

Consonance Dissonance and Cadences

The musical surrounding typical of most non-European/North American population includes some mix of Western, local art or folk music, and hybrid forms combining the two. How do these various musical systems play out in the internalized musical mental schemes of their listeners? Have Western musical schemes been totally internalized in such populations? Here we ask this question in relation to Israeli Arabs (IAs)—one group within the highly understudied Arab musical world. Specifically, we compared the responses of 52 IAs and 34 Israeli Jews (IJs) to 11 harmonic dyads based on intervals from the musical systems of both cultures, and to a harmonic cadence that ended with chords representing five degrees of closure. Both studies show differences between the two groups with the IJs showing typical response patterns of Western listeners, and the IAs showing much less differentiation and only a partial internalization of tonal hierarchies; namely, the differentiation between in-scale and out-of-scale tones. We emphasize that the listening habits of the selected populations should be mapped more consistently in order to understand the statistical regularities in the relevant repertoires. We also point to the need to adjust our experimental materials and methods to better suit these populations.

World politics, critical realism and the future of humanity: an interview with Heikki Patomäki, Part 2

ABSTRACT In Part 1 of this interview, Professor Patomäki discussed his work and career up to the Global Financial Crisis. In Part 2 he turns to his later work. Questions and issues range over the use of retroduction and retrodiction, the degree of openness and closure of systems, and the role of iconic models, and scenario-building and counterfactuals in social scientific explanation and the exploration of possible and likely futures (distinguished from desirable futures). Patomäki suggests that a variant of his ‘scenario A’ captures significant features of an increasingly competitive and conflictual world. Among other matters, Patomäki also discusses his recent work on the war in Ukraine, his ‘field theory’ of global political economy, and the possibility of world statehood. The interview concludes with Patomäki’s views on the imperative of hope.

Differences in Glottal Closure and Visibility of the Anterior Commissure during Rigid-90°, Rigid-70°, and Flexible Laryngostroboscopy

Introduction: The conventional rigid-90° and rigid-70° laryngostroboscopy has been so far considered the gold standard in assessing the vibratory behavior of the vocal folds and the glottal closure configuration during phonation. Meanwhile, this rigid laryngostroboscopy is more and more replaced by flexible chip-on-tip systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of these different endoscopic techniques on glottal closure configuration and on visibility of the complete focal fold length including anterior commissure during phonation. Methods: Twenty-one euphonic subjects were enrolled (mean age 34.6 ± 9.5; m = 10, f = 11). They were examined with the three laryngoscopic techniques (conventional rigid-90°, rigid-70°, and flexible chip-on-tip laryngoscopy during low and high voice pitch with soft and loud voice intensity). For evaluating the degree of glottal closure, a modified classification of Södersten et al. was applied and the visibility of the anterior commissure was evaluated. The correlation of the three endoscopic techniques was assessed with Cohen and Fleiss’ kappa. Results: In even low loud phonation, the rigid-90° and rigid-70° endoscopies revealed a complete closure of the glottis in only 47.6% of subjects but with flexible endoscopy in 81%. The complete vocal fold length with anterior commissure was best visible with flexible endoscopy in 90.5% in low-soft and high-soft phonation. The rigid-90° endoscopy showed a slight agreement in comparison with the flexible endoscopy in regard to the types of vocal fold closure with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient k = 0.199. The rigid-90° endoscopy showed an almost perfect agreement with k = 0.84 when compared to the rigid-70° endoscopy. The flexible endoscopy compared to the rigid-70° endoscopy showed a fair agreement with k = 0.346. Conclusion: We found mainly corresponding results in both rigid-90° and rigid-70° endoscopic techniques which can be explained by the same transoral approach with the tongue pulled out, whereas the flexible transnasal endoscopy mainly gives a better view on the anterior commissure. The influence of transorally or transnasally guided endoscopic techniques needs to be considered in interpretation of laryngostroboscopic parameters like vocal fold closure and supraglottal hyperactivity.

ABOUT THE WINDING STRUCTURES OF WINDING PACKAGES, THEIR NAMES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN THE REINFORCEMENT OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The article reveals the content of the concept of the degree of winding closure. Winding structures of various degrees of closure have a number of exceptional properties in terms of strength characteristics and structural indicators. One of the most promising areas of application of structures amenable to strict calculation is the reinforcement of carbon-carbon composite material blanks. The possibility of maximum filling with carbon fibre of the total volume of carbon-carbon composite blanks can significantly increase the strength and physic-mechanical properties. As a result of the study, the angle of shift between the turns of different pairs of winding layers is the main criterion determining the structure of the winding threads for packing. The use of winding packages with a given degree of winding closure significantly expands the options for solutions for the formation of structural materials with the required properties. The authors come to the conclusion that closed winding structures with a honeycomb structure should be used for reinforcing composites with the required porosity and permeability.

Time course of sutural width during the physiological growth from birth to adulthood: CT quantitative and qualitative evaluations of sutural arches.

We performed a retrospective qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the sutural changes during the physiological growth to define the age-related ossification stages of major and minor skull sutures or synchondroses. A total of 390 healthy subjects, examined for cranio-facial trauma and whose CT scans turned out to be normal, were clustered into homogenous age-matched groups ranged from birth to 90years. High-resolution CT was used to assess the degree of sutural closure according to a 3-grade scoring system, the sutural pattern, the width, and the density of the gap calculated as the average of two or three ROIs along each suture/synchondrosis. The identification of a definite pattern depended on the suture's type, the closure degree, and the width of the gap (p < 0.001). The interdigitation process was more intricate for most of vault sutures than the skull base sutures/synchondroses. Closing grades 1, 2, and 3 were associated to an identifiable sutural pattern and the cutoff value of 1.45mm of the gap width allowed to detect an identifiable sutural pattern with the best combination of sensitivity (97%) and specificity (98%). Age and sutural closing degree were inversely related to gap width while positively related to the gap density (p < 0.001). The sutural ossification is an age-related process, distinctive for each suture, and synchondrosis; it occurs neither according to a predefined order along sutural arches nor following a sequential distribution in the cranial fossae, and some sutures continued their growth process during lifetime.

Temporal Variation in Abundance and Distribution of Butterflies in a Southern Nigerian National Park

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the butterfly diversity in Okomu National Park, Nigeria in order to make available information on butterfly species in this protected area. Background: Butterflies are a taxonomically important group for predicting the health of the environment. Objective: In order to establish butterfly abundance and distribution in Okomu National Park, a temporal variation study was conducted for a period of twenty-four months (July 2012 to June 2014). Methods: Eight transects (Disturbed habitat (DIS), Forest Edge/Plantation (FE/P), Moderately Open Forest (MOF), Forest Along Road/Moist Patches (FAR/MP), Riparian Habitat (RIP), Closed Canopy (CC), Shrub (SHR) and Grassland (GRA) were mapped out from the four ranges (Igwonwan, Arakhuan, Julius Creek and Babui) using visual level of disturbance and degree of canopy closure for transect walk, butterfly net and baited trap methods of butterfly sampling. Environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) were concurrently sampled with butterflies. Results: A total of 143 species and 6,310 individuals of butterflies were obtained from the families; Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae. Nymphalid (3103: 49.2%) and Pieridae (2269: 36.0%) predominated and Hesperiidae was recorded lowest (8: 0.1%). Significant differences were observed in the abundance of butterflies in the transects (p&lt; 0.05). Rainfall was positively correlated with butterfly abundance. Butterfly abundance was higher in rainy season compared to dry season except in RIP where a reverse trend was observed. Abundance was higher in FAR/MP (1633: 25.9%) and MOF (1251: 19.8%) compared to other transects, and was lowest in SHR (295: 4.7%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that butterflies in Okomu forest is abundant and stable, and as such continuous effort is required to conserve butterfly flora and fauna in this park.

Sphincter Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: Impact of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DelS) often present with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). VPD in patients with 22q11DelS is multifactorial beyond velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) alone, and differences in surgical outcomes are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine whether patients with 22q11DelS have an increased risk for persistent VPI after sphincter pharyngoplasty compared to patients without 22q11DelS. We completed a retrospective cohort study of patients with 22q11DelS undergoing sphincter pharyngoplasty between 1995 and 2019 using a VPD clinic database. Patients with 22q11DelS were compared to a cohort of 2:1 frequency-matched (age, degree of velopharyngeal closure) patients without 22q11DelS. Variables included patient characteristics, surgical history, perceptual speech evaluation, and degree of closure on nasopharyngoscopic evaluations. Primary outcomes included postoperative VPI severity and hypernasality. Speech and nasopharyngoscopic characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact test. Postoperative VPI severity and hypernasality were compared between groups via relative risks (RR) from mixed effects Poisson regression models, with random effects of age and velopharyngeal closure. 134 patients (51 22q11DelS, 83 matched) were included, with mean age of 7.3 years (standard deviation 3.0) and 50% male. Cohorts had similar preoperative speech characteristics and nasopharyngoscopic findings. Patients with 22q11DelS had similar postoperative VP function as patients without 22q11DelS (RR 0.85, CI 0.46-1.57 for VPI severity, RR 0.83, CI 0.45-1.53 for hypernasality). Even after adjusting by preoperative variables, no differences were seen between both groups. Matched for age and pre-operative velopharyngeal closure, patients with and without 22q11DelS and VPI had similar benefits after sphincter pharyngoplasty. Non-randomized controlled cohort study, 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2813-2820, 2023.

Successful Nonoperative Management of a Sigmoid Colon Perforation Caused by a Migrated Biliary Stent

CASE REPORT Endoscopic biliary stents have been routinely used for the treatment of various hepatobiliary diseases. Complications from biliary stent placement may include cholangitis, bleeding, stent migration, or perforation. A 94-year-old woman with a history of gallstones presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain for 1 day with markedly elevated liver enzymes. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was consistent with choledocholithiasis and biliary duct dilation. The patient underwent an uneventful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for sphincterotomy, stone extraction, and 10 F × 7 cm common bile duct (CBD) stent placement. Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for CBD stent retrieval failed to identify the previously placed CBD stent. A computed tomography scan revealed that the stent perforated the lateral wall of the sigmoid colon. Emergent flexible sigmoidoscopy was undertaken. Endoscopically, the distal edge of the stent seemed to have perforated the sigmoid colon, as evidenced by nonvisible flanges (Figure 1). The flanges on the proximal edge were seen but seemed to have caused mild mucosal injury. The stent was retrieved endoscopically in its entirety. An over-the-scope clip was attempted for both defects; however, the proximal site injury was significantly fibrotic, which instead required 8 through-the-scope clips to ensure a high degree of closure in this elderly patient to avoid the need for surgical intervention. An over-the-scope clip at the distal injury site was successfully placed. Postendoscopic contrast examination did not show any extravasation (Figure 1). The patient was treated with empiric antibiotics and discharged the following day in stable condition.Figure 1.: Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed the stent had perforated the sigmoid colon (a). After successful retrieval of the stent (b), an over-the-scope clip was placed at the distal injury site (c). Postendoscopic contract examination showed no extravasation.Bowel injury is a rare complication of biliary stent placement occurring in less than 1% of migrated stents. Stent migration should be suspected when a previously placed stent is not identified on endoscopic examination, and a cross-sectional imaging should be promptly ordered for investigation. Multidisciplinary evaluation including surgical consultation should be pursued, yet situational awareness is critical. In select situations, endoscopic clip closure may resolve colonic perforation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy stent retreival and endocopic clip closure. Watch the video at https://links.lww.com/ACGCR/A33 and https://links.lww.com/ACGCR/A34. DISCLOSURES Author contributions: E. Kwong edited the video, collected data, and wrote the manuscript. K. Jones collected data and edited the video. S. Park and K. Kwok edited the manuscript and video. K. Kwok is the article guarantor. Financial disclosure: None to report. Informed consent was obtained for this case report.

Influência do gênero e da idade no estágio de desenvolvimento ósseo e longevidade atlética de equinos da raça puro sangue inglês de corridas no Brasil - estudo preliminar

Abstract The impact of high-speed exercise on the musculoskeletal system of young racehorses has been extensively discussed because of concerns regarding animal health and welfare. This study investigated the correlation between age, degree of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis, sex, and career longevity of Thoroughbred racehorses in Brazil from 2012 to 2015. We performed a retrospective evaluation of 286 dorsopalmar radiographs of the left radiocarpal region of young horses and their racing performance. Distal radial epiphyseal closure was classified into three degrees: A, B, or C. Performance data included the number of races raced, athletic career length, and the number of races per month. The variables were subjected to regression analysis. At the time of radiographic examination, male horses were significantly older than females, and horses with epiphyseal closure degrees differed with age. Age at first race was 33.08±3.81 months, the average of races raced was 18.32±15.14 races, athletic career duration was 20.37±13.82 months, and the number of races raced per month was 0.93±0.46 races. Age influenced (P&gt;0.001) the distal radial epiphyseal closure on racehorses, but sex did not (P=0.218 for males and P=0.275 for females). An inverse association was observed between age at the first race, the number of races raced per month, and athletic career duration. The frequency of race and the age at the first race influenced athletic career duration.

An Autopsy based unaided Eye Study of Lambdoid Suture of Skull– the Science of Forensic Estimation of Age

Background: The criminal investigation starts at crime scene and ends in the laboratory. The most vital of which is mortuary where the postmortem examination of the deceased is carried out to answer the questions of interest in that investigatory menu. Aim: Unaided eye estimation of age from the lambdoid suture of skull on autopsy. Methods: The subjects under study were taken from mortuary of the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology in the King Edward Medical University Lahore during the year 2016. The targeted population for study was the draining are of the mortuary of King Edward Medical College having designated police station. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the calculated sample among the research population as a research method. A non-probability convenient consecutive sampling technique was applied to collect the data. The comparative descriptive study design was utilized to analyze the results. Results: The study revealed that among the targeted population a higher percentage more than third of the sample size were adolescents of age between 21 – 30 years being 35% followed by elderlies of age between 41 – 50 years amount to 20%. The research depicted that age can be determined from degree of closure of lambdoid suture in the dead body on the autopsy table with closure taking place earlier in males as compared to that of females. Conclusion: This study concludes that it is possible to estimate age from the degree of lambdoid suture closure of the deceased skull vault during the postmortem examination. Keywords: Age, Lambdoid, Suture, Autopsy, Cranial, Post-mortem Examination, Skull

Longitudinal Voice Outcomes and Neoglottic Function After Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy: The Development of a New Scale.

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) is an oncologically sound alternative to total laryngectomy that results in long-term alterations in vocal function. Little is known about long-term improvements in dysphonia and the mechanism of vocal recovery is unclear due to the lack of a standardized rating tool: The Pattern, Degree, and Vibration (PDV) Scale. Data from 24 individuals were compared over 3 post-operative timepoints after SCPL: 3 to 11, 12 to 35, and over 35 months. Voice outcomes were assessed using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the GRBAS scale. Laryngeal exams were deidentified and rated using a novel rating scheme developed using literature review and consensus panel discussions. There were significant improvements in VHI scores, Grade, and Strain over time. There was an increase in the Degree of Closure and a decline in Mucosal Vibration across timepoints. Pattern of Movement (P) was associated with dysphonia Grade. Better Degree of Closure (D) was associated with lower VHI scores and better Grade and Roughness. Mucosal Vibration (V) was associated with reduced Breathiness and Strain but variable Roughness. Age, T-stage, radiation treatment, surgery type, and time to feeding-tube removal were also associated with voicing characteristics. There is evidence of improvement in several voice parameters over time after the first post-operative year. Various subcomponents of the new PDV rating scale were associated with voice outcomes. Its utility for research and clinical practice merits further investigation.

Phase-averaged, frequency dependence of jet dynamics in a scaled up vocal fold model with full and incomplete closure

This article explores the fluid dynamics underlying voice production. The key parameters explored in this paper are frequency (from adult male to children and adult females) and the degree of closure of the vocal folds during phonation. The latter can be a pathological condition, but is common in children and females without being problematic. The findings of this study indicate that changes in jet dynamics across the human frequency range may explain the fundamental differences between male and female voices.

Modeling the impacts of the energy closure degree over the arid and semiarid areas of China on the East Asian regional climate

Arid and semiarid areas are extremely sensitive to climate change. The atmospheric boundary layer in these areas acts as a major factor of matter exchange and energy transport for the land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, two turbulent transfer parameterization schemes respectively with surface energy closure and unclosure based on the Lanzhou university Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory (SACOL) station are coupled into a regional climate model RegCM4.5 (referred to as Exp-BALANCE and Exp-IMBALANCE) to explore the effects of the surface energy closure degree on the East Asian summer monsoon simulations. The results show that the surface soil temperature simulated by Exp-BALANCE is lower than that simulated by Exp-IMBALANCE because energy transferred from the underlying surface increases so that the energy retained in the underlying surface decreases in Exp-BALANCE, which weakens sensible heat transport and decreases the surface air temperature in the case of Exp-BALANCE. This is because the net radiation absorbed by the underlying surface for Exp-BALANCE is in agreement with Exp-IMBALANCE, while the soil temperature simulated by Exp-BALANCE is lower than that of Exp-IMBALANCE. Compared with Exp-IMBALANCE, Exp-BALANCE can contribute to increasing the atmospheric energy, and more upward air flow begins to diverge as the anticyclonic circulation strengthens in the middle and upper tropospheres over the arid and semiarid regions. Consequently, the subtropical high moving to the northward is hindered, the rain belt stays in the South China for a long time, and the precipitation in Northeast China is reduced, but in the south of the Yangtze River, it is enhanced in the case of Exp-BALANCE.

Is the gated community really safe? An empirical analysis based on communities with varying degrees of closure

ABSTRACT Gated communities are considered a way of living that provides privacy and security. Existing research has mostly focused on subjective emotional judgments such as fear of crime, while it is unclear whether communities with different degrees of closure have avoided insecure incidents. Taking six communities and 649 questionnaires in Changsha, China as study cases, we analyze the relationship between community closure and community security. The results show that not gated communities but open communities are the safest, while semi-gated communities are the least safe. It is confirmed that community security is regardless of being gated. One possible explanation for this is the joint effect of ‘dual security scenarios’. This means that the living communities’ security is not only rooted in the construction of a safe physical space, but also depended on a humanistic atmosphere with informal relations and residents’ safety awareness, providing natural surveillance possibilities.

Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Bracing-Friction Dampers for Seismic Resistance

ABSTRACT In this study, the test of reinforced concrete (RC) frames protected with bracing-friction dampers is simulated via a finite element analysis, based on the new connecting method in which a deformed steel bar is passed through a RC frame. Moreover, the influence of the diameter difference of the deformed steel bar on the behaviors of the RC frame and damper is examined. The bar yielded when the diameter of the deformed steel bar was reduced. Therefore, the degree of crack closure in the RC beam after unloading was low, and it was difficult to produce a stable damper axial deformation.

Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Stressors on the Sensitivity Defenses of Mimosa striglliosa

In plants, chemical and mechanical traits are involved in the defense against environmental stressors. In the case of Mimosa plants, touch-sensitive responses through leaf-closure provide a unique form of mechanical defense. While past research has shown that the impacts of stressors such as competition or short-term drought may cause the chemical defenses in plants to increase or decrease, it is unknown how the interaction of these stressors may influence the efficiency of touch-sensitive responses. In this study, we hypothesized that the touch-sensitive responses of Mimosa strigillosa would strongly differ from regularly watered individuals when subjected to short-term drought. Additionally, we hypothesized that competition would hinder the touch-sensitive response, particularly from competitors in closely related taxa. To test these hypotheses, an experimental design was performed with three competition groups of Mimosa. In each competition group, half of the individuals were subjected to drought conditions. Plants were then subjected to a tactile stimulus in a greenhouse environment, with the degree of leaf closure being measured as an estimate of recovery. Drought was found to be a significant factor of both the rate of change of leaf closure, and the degree of leaf closure.

In prosperity and adversity? The value of high-performance work practices for SMEs under conditions of environmental hostility and social embeddedness

PurposeTaking a resource-based view, the authors analyse the effect of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) on the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under conditions of environmental hostility, and consider how this relationship is influenced by managers' embeddedness in social networks. The authors argue that high perceived levels of environmental hostility strengthen the strategic value of HPWPs in SMEs, whereas high levels of manager embeddedness in social networks weaken this contingent relationship.Design/methodology/approachThese hypotheses were tested in a sample of 249 SMEs, from two Spanish industries related to food production, using linear regression with two- and three-way interaction effects.FindingsThe study results show that the implementation of HPWPs benefits SMEs' performance in hostile environments. However, the dark side of managers' social capital could undermine any such benefit, especially if there is a high degree of network closure. In hostile contexts, such closure appears to limit managers' willingness to depart from the common practice of reducing investment in human resources.Practical implicationsContrary to predominant beliefs that managers facing economic adversity should reduce costs by cutting investment in personnel development, this study indicates that supporting HPWPs enhances a firm's objective financial performance.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the specific conditions under which HPWPs sustain SME performance. It also introduces the dark side of managers' social capital into considerations of this relationship. The study findings provide new insights that are counterintuitive to business practice.

Identification and Construction of Ecological Nodes in the Fuzhou Ecological Corridors

Ecological corridor construction is an important support of the current pursuit of high-quality urbanization. Fuzhou is a mountain–water city characterized by a unique spatial structure. However, rapid urbanization has exacerbated the rate of ecosystem fragmentation, negatively impacting the livable living environment. The construction of ecological corridors is of great significance for efforts to restore the broken landscape and form the urban ecosystem as an organic whole in Fuzhou. In the present study, Fuzhou was considered as the study area, and the water, green, and ventilation corridors, as well as surface temperature data, were analyzed using the kernel density analysis method to generate surface-temperature-based ecological nodes. The impacts of various corridors and surface temperatures on the construction of the Fuzhou ecological corridors were assessed using ecological theory, and the ecological resistance surfaces of the influencing factors were obtained. We constructed ecological corridors for the mitigation of the urban heat island in Fuzhou using the MCR model with four levels and then evaluated the network connectivity of the corridors. The results revealed the following findings: (1) The study area comprises 32 ecological nodes, including nine in Minhou County and Changle District, four in Mawei and Cangshan Districts, and two in Gulou, Taijiang, and Jin’an Districts. (2) Fuzhou contains 63 ecological corridors with a total length of approximately 494.65 km. These include 31 first-level (201.16 km), 11 second-level (98.56 km), 14 third-level (129.12 km), and 7 fourth-level (65.81 km) corridors. (3) The degree of closure (α), the point rate of lines (β), the degree of connectivity (γ), and the degree of connectivity (Cr) indexes of the network structure for the ecological corridors were 0.27, 2.03, 0.72, and 0.87, respectively. They indicate that the overall ecological effectiveness of the network is high and can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ecological corridors in the future.

Ecological and silvicultural assessment of European aspen (Populus tremula L.) stands: The sample of Erciyes Mountain

Türkiye’de yayılış alanı giderek artan saf titrek kavak meşcerelerinin işletme amaçlarının ve silvikültürel uygulamalarının tespiti önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Erciyes dağı çevresinde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren titrek kavak ormanlarının alansal dağılımının, ekolojik karakteristiklerinin, meşcere kuruluş özelliklerinin ve silvikültürel müdahalelerin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Erciyes ve Develi Orman İşletme Şefliğinde yer alan titrek kavak meşcerelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her bir meşcere gelişim çağından alınan örnek alanlarda ekolojik özelliklerle birlikte hektardaki birey sayıları, göğüs yüksekliği çap değerleri ve kapalılık dereceleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 2019 yılında ilk aralama müdahalesi yapılan ve bakım müdahalesi yapılmayan aynı yaş ve bonitetteki saf meşcerelerden örnek alanlar alınmış ve titrek kavak meşcerelerinin aktüel durumu yanında iki yıllık aralama müdahalelerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Kayseri Erciyes dağının kuzey, güney ve batı bakılardaki eteklerinde toplam 3674.1 ha titrek kavak ormanının yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu ormanlar genellikle saf meşcereler halinde ve 1750-2250 metrelerde yayılış göstermektedir. Meşcerelerin çoğunlukla %21-40 ve %41-60 eğim grubunda yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Meşcere gelişme çağlarına göre gençlik çağında hektardaki birey sayısının 100000-200000 adet arasında (3-4 yaşında, 0.5-1.5 m boy ve 2-8 mm çap) değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sıklık çağında ortalama çapın 7.42 cm (2.8 cm-12.3cm) ve hektardaki birey sayısının 7500 adet olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. 2019 yılı ilk aralama müdahaleleri sonrasında 2021 yılında yapılan ölçümlere göre ortalama boy artımının Erciyes için 1.0 m/yıl, Develi için 1.35 m/yıl olduğu, göğüs yüksekliği çap artımının ise Erciyes için 1.08 cm/yıl, Develi için 1.79 cm/yıl olduğu belirlenmiştir. Titrek kavak ormanlarının gelişim çağlarına bağlı olarak gerekli silvikültürel müdahalelere konu edilmesi ve böylelikle sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması gerekmektedir.

Closure of large mucosal defects for prevention of strictures after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video)

Although lesions occupying a large circumference are associated with the risk of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) strictures, the corresponding data for duodenal lesions are unknown. We aimed to analyze the incidence of post-ESD strictures after wide-field duodenal ESD. In this retrospective study of duodenal lesions treated with ESD between July 2010 and August 2021, we included lesions that resulted in mucosal defects occupying more than half of the circumference and excluded lesions located in bulbs and involving Vater's papilla. We analyzed the incidence rates of stricture and luminal narrowing, in addition to bleeding and perforation as the outcomes in this study. Stricture was defined as the inability of the endoscope to pass through the lumen. A single endoscopist reviewed all endoscopic images and judged the degree of luminal narrowing. Eighty lesions were included, of which 2 involved mucosal defects occupying more than 90% of the circumference. The wound was closed, at least partially, in 90% in all lesions and in 86% of lesions with a mucosal defect occupying more than 75% of the circumference. None of the lesions caused delayed perforation and stricture, whereas 2 lesions caused delayed bleeding. Only 6 lesions caused luminal narrowing. When examined by the degree of closure, the rate of luminal narrowing increased with complete closure, incomplete closure, and nonclosure (4.9%, 9.1%, and 25.0%, respectively). Suturing may prevent post-ESD bleeding and perforation as well as stricture formation in cases of duodenal tumors, with mucosal defects occupying a large circumference.