Degree Of Willingness Research Articles

How does environmental pollution erode political trust in China? A multilevel analysis

The impacts of environmental pollution extend beyond the issue of health. Using Chinese survey and administrative data, this study sheds new light on the political costs of environmental pollution. We show that citizens' trust in government officials declines significantly with higher levels of measured pollution, perceptions of increased pollution, and a greater degree of willingness to support environmental protection. Political trust is particularly low when measured as well as perceived pollution are severe. However, the effect of greater willingness to support environmental protection on the erosion of political trust is independent of measured pollution. Our findings suggest that there is a tipping point at which legitimacy acquired primarily through economic achievements could be undermined by environmental degradation, which is a byproduct of economic achievements. It is imperative for the Chinese government to achieve a balance between fast-paced growth and environmental sustainability, to pay attention to the potential political consequences of environmental issues, and to permit more public dialogues and deliberations on the topic of environmental governance.

Does motivation predict return to work? A longitudinal analysis.

ObjectivesMotivation for return to work (RTW) reflects the degree of willingness to resume work activities and has been shown to be a crucial factor in long‐term work disability. The satisfaction of basic psychological needs and motivation as described by the Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) yield associations with outcomes such as quality of life and job satisfaction. The current study is the first study to examine whether motivation and basic psychological needs are predictive for RTW outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsAbout 349 people with a work disability (mean = 131.32 days off work) participated in this observational longitudinal research. Quality of motivation (MAWS) and basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration (BPNSFS) were measured at baseline. At 12‐month follow‐up, differences in RTW were assessed in terms of (1) time until RTW, (2) partial RTW, (3) relapse within 12 months, (4) work disability longer than 12 months. Binary logistic and cox regression analyses were used.ResultsControlled motivation regarding the former job was related to shorter time until RTW. Autonomous motivation and amotivation did not seem predictive for RTW variables. The frustration of the basic needs was related to a longer work disability, need satisfaction was not related to the RTW variables. No significant predictors for relapse and partial RTW were found.ConclusionsThe frustration of basic psychological needs was predictive for a longer work disability. Controlled motivation on the other hand predicted faster RTW, which was an unexpected direction. SDT seems to have predictive value, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Casual Style of Criticism

Social criticism is one of the factors that supports transformations in contemporary dynamic world. Its accessible publicity raises for various social agents the question of the constructiveness of their critical efforts. The article discusses how important it is for the effectiveness of criticism not only its meaning, but also the style of expression, based on the degree of willingness to see in those who stand on the opposing side of the social discussion barrier also human beings as the critic himself/herself is. Referring to two works by Timur Kibirov: the poem Through Farewell Tears and the novel The General and His Family, the author examines some aspects of social criticism that define its tone, intonation, including attention to sociocultural details, consideration of the ambivalence of a particular social phenomenon, as well as the doubts of the social subject concerning his/her own critical views.

Gathering evidence of impact from research support services: Examining impact in the context of the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis

AbstractThe Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) is a provider of two major services to the environmental science community; JASMIN and the CEDA Archive. CEDA is frequently required to evidence the impact it has on researchers and wider society. However, this is challenging as there are currently no formal or standard processes for collecting impact information. To understand how CEDA could collect impact information, and to allow its users to shape this monitoring, over 500 users provided their opinions, preferences and suggestions as to how to share impact, via six focus groups and an online survey. The results suggest that whilst there was a high degree of willingness to provide impact information to CEDA there remains confusion around what ‘impact’ is. Users are keen to share impact in ways which utilize existing processes, and at times which make sense to both the research and the impact, whilst also understanding the need and purpose for sharing that information.

Zero Hours Contracts and Their Perceived Impact On Job Motivation of Event Catering Staff

Catering is a cornerstone of events. Motivating catering staff, who can be either permanent or "hourly paid" employees, represents an important managerial challenge, especially in the UK, where controversial zero hours contracts (ZHCs) prevail within the events industry. This article reports a representative case study of a London-based event catering company that relies upon ZHCs. In pursuit of corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals, directed at enhancing the well-being of employees and improving corporate image, the company considers replacing ZHCs with alternative contracts, but wishes to examine the potential impact of this intervention first. To aid in decision making, 18 indepth, semistructured interviews are conducted with company's managers and employees to examine the drivers of staff motivation and the perceived effect of ZHCs. The study finds that interpersonal relationships, remuneration rates, and perceived fairness of managerial treatment drive staff motivation in event catering. The major positive (flexibility and no mutual obligation) and negative (job insecurity and instable income) implications of ZHCs are well understood by employees. The internal (personal finances, family status, and individual lifestyles) and environmental (current job market situation and managerial abilities) circumstances determine the level of preparedness and the degree of willingness of event catering staff to accept ZHCs. Implications for policy making, professional practice, and future research are discussed.

Shippers’ willingness to delegate modal control in freight transportation

This paper investigates the willingness of shippers to delegate control over the transportation mode in freight transportation, using discrete choice analysis. Data originate from a large survey among global shippers. The results show that, under certain conditions, most shippers are willing to hand over mode selection authority to the service provider. Using latent class analysis, we classify shippers into four market segments, each with a different degree of willingness against different types of performance improvements. Firms can use this characterization of freight transportation demand to design service packages that will meet the demands of global supply chains.

Associations of Affect, Action Readiness, and Sexual Functioning.

IntroductionEmotions are theorized to contain the components of affect and action readiness. Affect guides behavior by causing an approach or withdrawal orientation. Action readiness is the individual's degree of willingness to interact with the environment. Emotions contribute to changes in behavior and physiological responses.AimThe present study applied these notions to sexuality and examined the associations between affect, action readiness, and sexual functioning.MethodsParticipants were male patients with urologic condition (N = 70) with and without sexual problems.Main Outcome MeasureAffect and action readiness were jointly assessed using the latent factor of affective polarity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Trait affective polarity was assessed questioning generally experienced feelings. State affective polarity was assessed after exposure to an erotic stimulus and questioning momentaneously experienced feelings. Sexual functioning was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Functioning questionnaire.ResultsA significant increase of approach-oriented action readiness was found after erotic stimulation, relative to trait levels. In addition, significant associations were found between state approach-oriented action readiness and various aspects of sexual functioning. Interventions based on principles of positive psychology might be developed to reinforce action readiness in men with erectile dysfunction. The strength of the current research concerns the introduction of action readiness as a potential psychological factor implied in sexual functioning. Limitations pertain to the use of the algorithm used to calculate state approach-oriented action readiness and the use of the current sample of patients with urological conditions, limiting generalizability of findings.ConclusionAction readiness was found to correlate positively with all aspects of sexual functioning. Further research into the role of action readiness in sexuality is recommended.Henckens MJMJ, de Vries P, Janssen E, et al. Associations of Affect, Action Readiness, and Sexual Functioning. Sex Med 2020;8:691–698.

Educar para formar Lectores: Leer y Escribir para Crear Sentidos

En estas líneas, el autor plantea una reflexión sobre la formación de lectores, y se sostiene la idea de que formar lectores, es formar ciudadanos más que cultos, sí ciudadanos libres, porque eso es la cultura lectora, saber crecer. La lectura, como eje mediador entre el saber que de ella emana, y la cultura que refleja, es una situación de pragmatismo; leer sirve ante todo para superar la doctrina del desencanto, y para ser menos pasivos. Leer es comprender y escribir es trascender, más cuando se aspira a entrar en el mundo del conocimiento y no solo de la información. En este trabajo se llega a la conclusión que educar para formar lectores depende mucho del grado de voluntad del docente y de ese encanto del alumno por superarse constantemente. En el presente artículo se exponen algunas condicionantes para entender desde el punto de vista didáctico el valor de formar lectores y escritores competentes desde la clase lengua y literatura. La importancia del trabajo radica en que a partir del adecuado empleo de la actividad de lectura y escritura se formen sujetos competentes.

Analysis of Tourism City Image Based on Big Data of Network Text—Take Guangzhou as an Example

Based on 16979 tourist reviews of six scenic spots in Guangzhou by ctrip.com, using the triple process of open coding, spindle coding and selective coding based on grounded theory, it is found that the tourist image of Guangzhou is mainly composed of cognitive image, emotional image and conative image; the tourists are satisfied with a high degree of willingness to revisit and recommend to their relatives and friends; the tourists are emotional towards Guangzhou tourism High evaluation and strong willingness of tourists to travel.

Navigating Institutional Challenges: Design to Enable Community Participation in Social Learning for Freshwater Planning.

Social learning is a process suited to developing understanding and concerted action to tackle complex resource dilemmas, such as freshwater management. Research has begun to recognise that in practice social learning encounters a variety of institutional challenges from the shared habits and routines of stakeholders (organised by rules, norms and strategies) that are embedded in organisational structures and norms of professional behaviour. These institutional habits and routines influence the degree of willingness to engage with stakeholders, and expectations of behaviours in social learning processes. Considering this, there has been a call to understand how institutions influence social learning and emergent outcomes. We addresses this by presenting a heuristic for implementing social learning cognisant of institutional context to answer three questions: (i) How institutional influences impact implementation of social learning design; (ii) how implementation of social learning design modifies institutions influencing social learning; and (iii) how these changes in design and institutions together shape social learning outcomes? To answer these questions a freshwater planning exercise was designed, implemented and evaluated as a social learning process with community groups in two New Zealand catchments. Incorporating participatory reflection enabled the project team to modify social learning design to manage institutional influences hindering progress toward outcomes. Findings emphasise that social learning is underpinned by participants' changing assumptions about what constitutes the institution of learning itself-from instruction to a dynamic, collective and emergent process. Reflecting on these assumptions also challenged participants' expectations about their own and others' behaviours and roles in freshwater planning.

Knowledge about, attitudes toward, and willingness to undergo electroconvulsive therapy among mental health patients, staff, and family members

Objectives: It has been argued that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is underused because of lack of knowledge and stigmatic negative attitudes toward it.Methods: The present study assessed and compared knowledge of attitudes toward, and willingness to undergo ECT among 227 participants from three groups: mental health staff members (N = 104), people with serious mental illness (SMI) (N = 61), and family members of people with SMI (N = 62). Participants completed questionnaires, which assessed knowledge about and attitude toward ECT as well as willingness to be treated with ECT.Results: Results showed staff members as most knowledgeable, with most positive attitudes, and most willing to undergo ECT. Family members showed less knowledge, a less positive attitude, and a lower degree of willingness, whereas people with SMI demonstrated the least in all three variables.Conclusions: Results suggest that attitudes toward and willingness to undergo ECT are influenced by the degree of direct impact and personal relevance as well as knowledge about it and attitudes toward it.

Factors Affecting Willingness to be Tested for COVID-19

This study was conducted to ascertain the degree of willingness of the respondents in undergoing a COVID-19 test whether or not they are experiencing its symptoms in relation to their possible motivations and/or aversions in so doing. This study employed a researcher-made instrument using a Likert scale. A Microsoft Office Forms online survey was created and respondents were invited to participate through Facebook, Facebook Messenger and Twitter. The survey was open to the public for 4 days and a total of 147 respondents answered. The results indicate that willingness to be tested if experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 depended on the particular symptom. Reasons for the respondents’ unwillingness to be tested despite possibly having said symptoms varied in their degree of importance. And the reasons for the respondents’ willingness to be tested if the symptoms are absent also appeared to possess different levels of significance.

ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF DATA SHARING AND DATA PRESERVATION AMONG SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCHERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

The paper aims to analyse current practices and attitudes towards research data sharing among social science researchers in the Republic of North Macedonia. Considering the growing importance of the principle of open access to research data, particularly data collected with public funding, and the unification of data sharing practices on a global level, the goal is to examine the sharing and archiving potential for research data in the Republic of North Macedonia. According to the findings, a significant amount of research data is created in the country. Despite being predominantly financed from international funds, respondents’ positive attitudes towards data sharing and the satisfactory degree of willingness for depositing data into an accredited data archive/repository, demonstrate a good potential in the country for saving existing data towards further use of existing data for new scientific purposes.

Play, print, and share: 3D printing enthusiasts as user innovators and entrepreneurs

The main aim of this paper is to explore how these 3D printing enthusiasts make sense of their 3D printing activities online and offline, and how these activities can be explained in terms of the theoretical concepts user innovation and user entrepreneurship. This paper builds on an in-depth interview study and reveals four ideal types (Halkier, 2011) of 3D printing enthusiasts: entrepreneurial, hobby, individual, and sharing. Based on the theoretical concepts of user innovation and user entrepreneurship, the four ideal types of 3D printing enthusiasts show varying degrees of willingness to engage in 3D communities and disseminate their ideas and innovations beyond in-house or in-community use. We contribute to user innovation and user entrepreneurship research by highlighting 3D printing enthusiasts as a specific group of user innovators/entrepreneurs with characteristics especially favourable to the diffusion of their ideas, designs, and innovations peer-to-peer or commercially.

Play, Print, and Share: 3D printing enthusiasts as user innovators and entrepreneurs

The main aim of this paper is to explore how these 3D printing enthusiasts make sense of their 3D printing activities online and offline, and how these activities can be explained in terms of the theoretical concepts user innovation and user entrepreneurship. This paper builds on an in-depth interview study and reveals four ideal types (Halkier, 2011) of 3D printing enthusiasts: Entrepreneurial, hobby, individual, and sharing. Based on the theoretical concepts of user innovation and user entrepreneurship, the four ideal types of 3D printing enthusiasts show varying degrees of willingness to engage in 3D communities and disseminate their ideas and innovations beyond inhouse or in-community use. We contribute to user innovation and user entrepreneurship research by highlighting 3D printing enthusiasts as a specific group of user innovators/entrepreneurs with characteristics especially favourable to the diffusion of their ideas, designs, and innovations peer-to-peer or commercially. (Less)

An Investigation into Learners’ Willingness to Communicate in English in the Classroom: A Study of Thai EFL Students in the Thai and International Programs

Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is among the concepts that has received considerable attention in EFL/ESL research in recent years as it brings together a myriad of factors that explain why L2 learners do or do not engage in L2 communication. An EFL classroom provides an environment that promotes use of the target language, yet Thai learners are often reluctant to communicate in English in the classroom. The present study aimed to investigate the possible factors that influence Thai learners’ WTC in the EFL classroom context. Participants included Thai students in both the Thai and International Engineering programs at a public university in Bangkok, Thailand, as well as both Thai and foreign instructors. The assumption underlying the investigation was that WTC in English in the classroom of Thai students in both Thai and international programs was is influenced by variables other than their English proficiency. Likert-type WTC questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, and a quantitative descriptive approach was employed. Content analysis was also used to analyze qualitative data and provide more in-depth answers to the research questions. Statistically significant differences in WTC between Thai EFL learners in the Thai and international programs were found both in degrees of willingness and reported factors influencing the WTC. The results have been used to develop evidence-based guidelines for English instructors in the implementation of classroom activities and teaching methods to promote Thai learners’ WTC in the classroom.

Influence of contribution-based resource allocation mechanism on individual resource sharing cooperation in social networks

In social networks, resource sharing behaviors always take place in groups of individuals and rely on voluntary cooperation. In this work, first, a multi-player donor recipient game in which strategies describe individuals’ varying degrees of willingness to share resources is formulated, instead of using the limited binary decisions (e.g. share or not share) in a classical donor-recipient game. Second, the evolutionary dynamics of individual strategies are explored under the influence of two contribution-based resource allocation mechanisms: the total contribution-based allocation mechanism (TCAM) and the direct contribution-based allocation mechanism (DCAM). The results indicate that the network is dominated by the full-cooperation strategy when the cost-to-benefit ratio of resources is not too large and the DCAM is more effective than TCAM. Furthermore, the underlying reason why some strategies with higher sharing willingness can coexist in specific situations, is also explained in detail by leveraging macroscopic and microscopic perspective analysis. Finally, the influences of slandering and whitewashing behaviors conducted by a few malicious individuals on the allocation mechanisms are also studied. Current research will offer new insights into understanding the influence and optimizing the resource allocation policies in social networks.

Pre-service Teachers' Willingness to Engage in Inclusive Teaching: An Explanatory Model

AbstractIn this article, we report on a study that sought to examine the willingness of pre-service teachers to apply the inclusion policy for students with disability. The study considered the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991) as a means to explain the willingness of pre-service teachers in general and of the subgroups to engage in inclusive teaching. Participants were 580 pre-service teachers enrolled in various types of programs in three different teacher education colleges in Israel. They completed a paper copy questionnaire with 55 items. It was constructed according to Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP) guidelines. It was found that the model, based on the TPB, explains the degree of willingness of pre-service teachers to engage in inclusive teaching. It emerges that attitudes toward inclusion, perceptions of social norms regarding inclusion, and a sense of the competence of pre-service teachers to teach inclusive classes explain most of the variance in the willingness to engage in inclusive teaching and serves as leading factors manifesting this willingness. The discussion is focused on the need to increase pre-service teachers' willingness by using this model.

Major Barriers and Challenges to Integrating ICT in Education

From the start of the information age, ICT has upheld an essential role in improving the quality of education. Thus, lots of countries desire to perk up the effectiveness and quality of the learning process, and consider ICT as one tool to attain that target. This role in education involves assisting students to learn and teachers to execute their teaching vocation more efficiently. As a result of quick developments in a short period, ICT has turned out to be the focus of interest for pedagogical settings. Swift developments in ICT have also led to radical conversions in education. This brings about the significance for training teachers and students for these changes in the information society. Integration of ICT is essential to upgrade the quality of education and how ICT might permit teachers to construct different pathways. In these backgrounds, educator’s shifting role in the 21st century entails a vital role, which is to be the leader for connecting technological novelties to teaching/learning process. At this point, essential competencies and the degree of willingness are key factors in the implementation process of new ICT. The major objective of this study is to get experiential data on the current use of ICT by teachers and students to come up with strategies and action plans for integrating educational technologies in the Algerian higher educational system. More purposely, the study endeavours to investigate teachers' perceptions of barriers and challenges that may influence integrating ICTs in the teaching process, . The findings will be discussed in relation to learning theories in addition to the pedagogical outcomes for the use of ICT in EFL context.

Self-help as a relief strategy for Turkish family caregiver of people with dementia? A Scoping Review

Abstract Background The number of dementia patients with a migration background is rising in the process of demographic change in Germany. For people with a migration background, care is usually provided at home and is accompanied by an increased burden on relatives. Alleviating support services are rarely used. Methods The scoping review on burden and self-help as a relief strategy for Turkish family caregiver of people with dementia includes the databases PubMed, Livivo, CINAHL and Web of Science and is completed by a ’by hand’ analysis in Google and Google Scholar. A total of 24 publications were included in the analysis. Results Family caregiver of Turkish origin show a high degree of willingness to assume responsibility for care, show knowledge deficits with regard to support services and are exposed to heterogeneous burdens. People with a migration background hardly make use of self-help. Self-help as a relief strategy could be strengthened by needs-oriented and culturally diverse services. Conclusions There is a need for action to improve domestic care for people with a migrant background. This requires the involvement of stakeholders such as those in need of care, caring relatives and professional carers. Self-help for people with a migration background can be activated and promoted with target group-oriented approaches. The support measures should be designed to be sensitive to diversity and correspond to the heterogeneity of the users and their life situations. Key messages Self-help for migrants must be flexible and user-oriented. Diversity-sensitivity in self-help could address people who are difficult to reach.