Degree Of Tumor Invasion Research Articles

Expression of GOLPH3 protein in colon cancer tissues and its association with the prognosis of patients.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) protein in colon cancer tissues and the association with the prognosis of patients. In total, 98 patients with colon cancer admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology for surgery between June 2011 and June 2013 were taken as the observation group. In addition, 15 healthy individuals, determined by enteroscopy, were taken as the control group. The expressions of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The patients were divided into GOLPH3-positive and GOLPH3-negative groups according to the expression of GOLPH3. The expression of GOLPH3 in colon cancer and its association with the prognosis of patients was analyzed. The expression of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in colon cancer tissues was significantly increased compared with normal colon mucosa (P<0.05); among the tissues, GOLPH3 was not expressed in 29 patients and positively expressed in 69 patients. The expression of GOLPH3 was negatively associated with the tumor differentiation degree, and positively associated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and clinical stages in GOLPH3-positive patients. The cumulative recurrence rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were significantly lower in GOLPH3-negative patients (P<0.05). The survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years in the GOLPH3-positive group were significantly higher than that of the GOLPH3-negative patients (P<0.05). In conclusion, the positive expression of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in colon cancer tissue was significantly increased compared with the control group. GOLPH3 expression was closely associated with the pathological features, consisting of tissue typing, clinical stage, degree of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis, and GOLPH3 expression. Patients with GOLPH3 overexpression also had a poor prognosis.

Correlation between insulin‑like growth factor binding protein3 and metastasis‑associated gene1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) protein, and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients with ESCC who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in the current study, ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (control) were obtained from 197 patients. The protein expression levels of IGFBP-3 and MTA1 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the expression of IGFBP-3 in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than in the adjacent normal tissues (27.4 vs. 40.6%; P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with smoking status, degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of MTA1 protein in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues (42.1 vs. 11.2%; P<0.05), and was positively correlated with the tumor size, extent of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). No association was identified between the protein expression levels of IGFBP-3 and MTA1. The protein expression levels of IGFBP-3 and MTA1 were not independent risk factors for ESCC prognosis; however, the degree of tumor invasion (P=0.02) and rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.027) were. IGFBP-3 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC; however, MTA1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC. There is no interaction between IGFBP-3 and MTA1 in ESCC, and they are not independent risk factors for ESCC prognosis.

Adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase expression in human glioma and their correlation with glioma‑associated epilepsy.

The aim of the present study was to investigate adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine kinase (ADK) expression in human glioma and to explore its correlation with glioma-associated epilepsy. Tumor tissues (n=45) and peritumoral tissues (n=14) were obtained from glioma patients undergoing surgery. Normal control tissues (n=8) were obtained from brain trauma patients. The disease grade was determined by histological evaluation and the degree of tumor invasion was evaluated using immunofluorescence analyses. mRNA and protein expression of ADA and ADK were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis, respectively. Based on histological evaluations, four cases were classified as Grade I gliomas, 18 cases as Grade II, 17 cases as Grade III and six cases were considered Grade IV. Increased ADA and ADK expression was observed in tumor tissues. ADA was predominantly distributed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas ADK was detected in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei. ADA and ADK levels were upregulated in patients with Grade II and Grade III gliomas compared to those in control subjects (p<0.05). In addition, tumor invasion was detected in peritumoral tissues. The number of ADA-positive or ADK-positive cells in tumor tissues was similar between glioma patients with and without epilepsy (p>0.05). However, ADA and ADK expression was upregulated in peritumoral tissues derived from patients with epilepsy compared to that in glioma patients without epilepsy. The results of the present study suggested that ADA and ADK are involved in glioma progression, and that increased ADA and ADK levels in peritumoral tissues may be associated with epilepsy in glioma patients.

Difference between papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma outcomes: an experience from Egyptian institution.

ObjectiveDifferentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) are classified into papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). DTCs are analyzed as a single group in clinical studies that investigated the prognostic factors and prognosis of these malignancies. However, the biological behaviors of these carcinomas significantly differ. In the present study, we aimed to detect differences in the outcomes between PTC and FTC in Mansoura University Hospital in Egypt.MethodsA total of 558 patients with histologically proven thyroid carcinomas from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and pathological data of patients were reviewed.ResultsLarge primary tumor size, lymph node involvement, extrathyroid extension, and distant metastasis were significant poor prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in old PTC patients. Cox hazard analysis showed that the patient’s age, extra thyroid extension, and distant metastasis were the only independent prognostic factors. In FTC patients, only the distant metastasis and degree of tumor invasion were significant poor prognostic factors in OS univariate analysis. However, these factors were nonsignificant in multivariate analysis. The 10-year OS rates were 97% and 89% for PTC and FTC, respectively (P=0.003). The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 77.2% in PTC vs. 65% in FTC (P=0.179).ConclusionThe significant prognostic factors vary between the two types of DTCs. Therefore, PTC and FTC patients need to be analyzed and reported independently. PTC survival is widely and significantly affected by age, extrathyroid extension, and distant metastasis. By contrast, these factors were nonsignificant in FTC, which showed poorer survival than PTC.

C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in relation to the risk and the clinical and biological characteristics of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

BackgroundOne of the main glycoproteins responsible for angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor. It is believed that C936T polymorphism, located in the VEGF gene, is correlated with susceptibility towards development of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify the frequencies of the genotypes of C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma, in comparison with controls, and whether this correlates with the degree of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and occurrence of metastases at the time of the diagnosis. The analysis was done on 261 patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma and 261 controls. The genotypes of C936T polymorphism were evaluated by means of the polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion, using peripheral blood samples.ResultsThe occurrences of genotype 936CC were similar in the two groups (80.5% versus 78.5%, p = 0.2288). In relation to tumor location, lymph node involvement, infiltration and tumor metastasis, no statistically significant results were obtained (p = 0.3116, p = 0.8485, p = 0.9408 and p = 0.2861, respectively).ConclusionC936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene did not influence the occurrence of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma development and did not correlated with the degree of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and occurrence of metastases.

Effect of APE1 T2197G (Asp148Glu) polymorphism on APE1, XRCC1, PARP1 and OGG1 expression in patients with colorectal cancer.

It has been hypothesized that genetic variation in base excision repair (BER) might modify colorectal adenoma risk. Thus, we evaluated the influence of APE1 T2197G (Asp148Glu) polymorphism on APE1, XRCC1, PARP1 and OGG1 expression in normal and tumor samples from patients with colorectal cancer. The results indicate a downregulation of OGG1 and an upregulation of XRCC1 expression in tumor tissue. Regarding the anatomical location of APE1, OGG1 and PARP-1, a decrease in gene expression was observed among patients with cancer in the rectum. In patients with or without some degree of tumor invasion, a significant downregulation in OGG1 was observed in tumor tissue. Interestingly, when taking into account the tumor stage, patients with more advanced grades (III and IV) showed a significant repression for APE1, OGG1 and PARP-1. XRCC1 expression levels were significantly enhanced in tumor samples and were correlated with all clinical and histopathological data. Concerning the polymorphism T2197G, GG genotype carriers exhibited a significantly reduced expression of genes of the BER repair system (APE1, XRCC1 and PARP1). In summary, our data show that patients with colorectal cancer present expression changes in several BER genes, suggesting a role for APE1, XRCC1, PARP1 and OGG1 and APE1 polymorphism in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Effect of MLH1 -93G>A on gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer.

The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by preventing the emergence of mutations. Furthermore, the -93G>A polymorphism in the MLH1 gene has been associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and effect of this polymorphism in normal and tumour samples from patients with colorectal cancer. The MLH1 -93G>A (rs1800734) polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP in 49 cases of colorectal cancer. MLH1 expression was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicate a significant decrease in MLH1 expression in tumour samples compared to their normal counterparts. The MLH1 gene was also significantly repressed in samples from patients who had some degree of tumour invasion into other organs. Similarly, those patients who were in a more advanced tumour stage (TNM III and IV) exhibited a significant reduction in MLH1 gene expression. Finally, the mutant genotype AA of MLH1 was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of this gene. This finding suggests that this polymorphism could increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer by a defective mismatch repair system, particularly through the loss of MLH1 expression in an allele-specific manner.

Unicystic variant of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A rare case report

The most common malignant neoplasm of salivary gland origin is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and it comprises of about 5-10% of all salivary gland neoplasm. It is mostly seen in major salivary glands (54%) and two third of them occurs in the parotid gland, and 46% is seen in minor salivary glands. Histo-morphological complexity of MEC has a constellation of varying amount of epidermoid cells, goblet cells, intermediate cells and mucocytes. It is graded histopathologically based on the relative proportion of cell type, cystic spaces, degree of tumor invasion, anaplasia, mitotic rates and presence or absence of necrosis into low-grade, Intermediate grade and high-grade. In the literature, several variants of MEC such as conventional, clear cell, warthin-like, sclerosing and unicystic variant have been reported. The aim of the current case report is to present a low-grade variant of unicystic MEC which is rare, but a distinctive tumor affecting the salivary gland. Till date, to the best of our knowledge only one case has been reported.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL TARGET VOLUME FOR RADIATION THERAPY IN RECTAL CANCER

THE IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL TARGET VOLUME FOR RADIATION THERAPY IN RECTAL CANCER (Abstract): Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer and it was demonstrated that radiation therapy associated with total mesorectal excision reduces local recurrence rate. It is very important to precisely determine the area that is subjected to radiation, in order to avoid side effects. The clinical target volume (CTV) is dependent on tumor location, lymphatic drainage area and the degree of tumor invasion into nearby organs. The CTV determination must take into account the internal organ motion during the treatment. The radiotherapy simulating is possible due to specialized CT and/or MRI and planning software. Using this method, it is possible to modulate the intensity of radiation on tumor tissue, with minimal effects on normal tissues.

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS RELATED TO PROGNOSIS IN CANINE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA

In human bladder cancer patients, ultrasonography is extensively used not only to identify tumor masses but also to evaluate tumor size, shape, echogenicity, location, and degree of tumor invasion into the bladder wall. The information revealed by ultrasonography delineates the tumor's biological features and facilitates prediction of prognosis. However, in veterinary medicine the feasibility of using ultrasonography for these purposes has not been fully investigated. In this retrospective study, we reviewed cases of dogs with histologically confirmed bladder mass lesions, including transitional cell carcinoma (n = 22) and polypoid cystitis (n = 5), to determine whether ultrasonography could reliably predict bladder wall involvement. By following patients with transitional cell carcinoma until death, we also determined whether ultrasonographic tumor size, shape, echogenicity, and mass location were related to prognosis. Wall involvement as revealed by ultrasound was significantly (P = 0.00005) associated with histological muscular layer involvement with a sensitivity of 93% (95% Confidence interval, 79-98%) and specificity of 92% (95% Confidence interval, 76-98%). Ultrasonographic wall involvement (P = 0.03, vs. noninvolvement), heterogeneous mass (P = 0.02, vs. homogeneous mass), and trigone location (P = 0.01, vs. other locations) characteristics were significantly associated with shorter survival times in transitional cell carcinoma cases. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic characteristics such as wall involvement, heterogeneous mass, and trigone location could be reliable prognostic indicators in canine transitional cell carcinoma.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 and p63 in Adenomas and Carcinomas of Canine Mammary Glands

Mammary tumors are very common in female dogs and its prognosis varies significantly according to the tumor invasion degree. Myoepithelial layer destruction is considered a differential diagnosis parameter of in situ from invasive lesions in human breast cancer. Aiming to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p63, a protein specifically expressed by myoepithelial cells of mammary gland, and its correlation with p53 expression, 10 adenomas and 20 carcinomas with and without metastasis of canine mammary gland were studied. There was no significant difference between adenomas and carcinomas for both proteins staining, however, the percentage and continuity of staining was lower in metastatic carcinomas. There was no correlation between p53 and p63 expression, but the higher values of p53 staining were found in carcinomas, according to previous studies. Results showed that p63 is specifically expressed also in myoepithelial cells of canine mammary gland. However, in order to ensure its use as a prognostic marker in canine mammary tumors, further studies involving a higher number of samples should be conducted.

Reduced expression of ΔΝp63α in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

As a member of the p53 family, p63 is considered to be an important differentiation regulation transcriptional factor, but the roles of p63 in many epithelial tumourigenesis and metastasis processes are still not clear. This study was designed to investigate the expression of p63 and its isoform in normal tissues and squamous cell cancer tissues of uterine cervix, and its significance in cancer cell differentiation. The expression of p63 was assessed in cervical tissue and cell lines by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western Blotting. The relationships between p63 protein, various clinico-pathological features, and the differentiation marker involucrin were analyzed. ΔΝp63α is the predominant isoform expressed in cervical epithelial tissues, and it is decreased in moderately or poorly differentiated cervical squamous carcinoma, as well as in the HeLa, SiHa and C33A cervical cancer cell lines. The expression level of ΔΝp63α was positively correlated with that of involucrin in cervical squamous cancer tissue, and the expression of ΔΝp63α is decreased with the degree of tumour invasion. The decrease of ΔΝp63α in cervical squamous cell cancer appears to be associated with the tumour progression, and ΔΝp63α may be a sensitive marker for cervical squamous cancer differentiation.

Akt1 deficiency delays tumor progression, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis in a murine model of thyroid cancer

Akt activation is common in progressive thyroid cancer. In breast cancer, Akt1 induced primary cancer growth, but is reported to inhibit metastasis in vivo in several model systems. In contrast, clinical and in vitro studies suggest a metastasis-promoting role for Akt1 in thyroid cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the functional role of Akt1 in thyroid cancer growth and metastatic progression in vivo using thyroid hormone receptor βPV/PV knock-in (PV) mice which develop metastatic thyroid cancer. We crossed Akt1-/- and PV mice and compared tumor development, local progression, metastasis, and histology in TRβPV/PV/Akt1+/+ (PVPV-Akt1WT) and TRβPV/PV/Akt1-/- (PVPV-Akt1KO) mice. Mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months; necropsy was performed and serum TSH was measured. Thyroid hyperplasia occurred in both groups beginning at three months; the thyroid size was greater in the PVPV-Akt1WT mice (p<0.001). In comparison with PVPV-Akt1WT mice, thyroid cancer development was delayed in the PVPV-Akt1KO mice (P=0.003) and the degree of tumor invasion was reduced. The PVPV-Akt1WT mice displayed pulmonary metastases at 12 and 15 months of age, by contrast PVPV-Akt1KO mice did not develop distant metastases at 15 months of age. Despite continued expression of Akt2 or Akt3, pAkt levels were decreased, and there was evidence of reduced Akt effect on p27 in the PVPV-Akt1KO thyroids. TSH levels were similarly elevated in PV mice regardless of Akt1 expression. In conclusion, thyroid cancer development and progression in TRβPV/PV mice are Akt1-dependent, consistent with a tumor progression-promoting role in this murine thyroid cancer model.

Functional and Structural Characteristics of Tumor Angiogenesis in Lung Cancers Overexpressing Different VEGF Isoforms Assessed by DCE- and SSCE-MRI

The expressions of different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms are associated with the degree of tumor invasiveness and the patient's prognosis in human cancers. We hypothesized that different VEGF isoforms can exert different effects on the functional and structural characteristics of tumor angiogenesis. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and steady-state contrast-enhanced MRI (SSCE-MRI) to evaluate in vivo vascular functions (e.g., perfusion and permeability) and structural characteristics (e.g., vascular size and vessel density) of the tumor angiogenesis induced by different VEGF isoforms (VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189) in a murine xenograft model of human lung cancer. Tumors overexpressing VEGF189 were larger than those overexpressing the other two VEGF isoforms. The K trans map obtained from DCE-MRI revealed that the perfusion and permeability functions of tumor microvessels was highest in both the rim and core regions of VEGF189-overexpressing tumors (p<0.001 for both tumor rim and core). The relative vessel density and relative vessel size indexes derived from SSCE-MRI revealed that VEGF189-overexpressing tumors had the smallest (p<0.05) and the most-dense (p<0.01) microvessels, which penetrated deeply from the tumor rim into the core, followed by the VEGF165-overepxressing tumor, whose microvessels were located mainly in the tumor rim. The lowest-density microvessels were found in the VEGF121-overexpressing tumor; these microvessels had a relatively large lumen and were found mainly in the tumor rim. We conclude that among the three VEGF isoforms evaluated, VEGF189 induces the most densely sprouting and smallest tumor microvessels with the highest in vivo perfusion and permeability functions. These characteristics of tumor microvessels may contribute to the reported adverse effects of VEGF189 overexpression on tumor progression, metastasis, and patient survival in several human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, and suggest that applying aggressive therapy may be necessary in human cancers in which VEGF189 is overexpressed.

Increased epithelial stem cell traits in advanced endometrial endometrioid carcinoma

BackgroundIt has been recognized cancer cells acquire characters reminiscent of those of normal stem cells, and the degree of stem cell gene expression correlates with patient prognosis. Lgr5(+) or CD133(+) epithelial stem cells (EpiSCs) have recently been identified and these cells are susceptible to neoplastic transformation. It is unclear, however, whether genes enriched in EpiSCs also contribute in tumor malignancy. Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is a dominant type of the endometrial cancers and is still among the most common female cancers. Clinically endometrial carcinoma is classified into 4 FIGO stages by the degree of tumor invasion and metastasis, and the survival rate is low in patients with higher stages of tumors. Identifying genes shared between advanced tumors and stem cells will not only unmask the mechanisms of tumor malignancy but also provide novel therapeutic targets.ResultsTo identify EpiSC genes in late (stages III-IV) EECs, a molecular signature distinguishing early (stages I-II) and late EECs was first identified to delineate late EECs at the genomics level. ERBB2 and CCR1 were genes activated in late EECs, while APBA2 (MINT2) and CDK inhibitor p16 tumor suppressors in early EECs. MAPK pathway was significantly up in late EECs, indicating drugs targeting this canonical pathway might be useful for treating advanced EECs. A six-gene mini-signature was further identified to differentiate early from advanced EECs in both the training and testing datasets. Advanced, invasive EECs possessed a clear EpiSC gene expression pattern, explaining partly why these tumors are more malignant.ConclusionsOur work provides new insights into the pathogenesis of EECs and reveals a previously unknown link between adult stem cells and the histopathological traits of EECs. Shared EpiSC genes in late EECs may contribute to the stem cell-like phenotypes shown by advanced tumors and hold the potential of being candidate therapeutic targets and novel prognosis biomarkers.

Examination of pattern of RI accumulation in thyroid cartilage on bone scintigraphy

In bone scintigraphy, abnormal RI accumulation in ossified thyroid cartilage is often noted. However, because similar accumulation is also seen in tumor-involved cartilage, distinction between these two lesions is sometimes difficult. We examined the differences in RI accumulation by ossification of the thyroid cartilage and cartilage invasion with anterior, posterior, and oblique views of bone scintigraphy in this study. This study included 120 patients (104 men, 16 women; mean age 67.8 +/- 9.6 years; range 48-90 years) with laryngeal or lower pharyngeal carcinoma. The patients had exhibited abnormal accumulation of RI on thyroid cartilage on bone scintigraphy between February 1999 and March 2007. We evaluated accumulation of thyroid cartilage in the anterior, posterior, and oblique views on bone scintigraphy. The presence/absence of tumor invasion of the thyroid cartilage was checked by comparing the findings of enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as evaluating operative records. RI accumulation in thyroid cartilage was divided into four types (diffuse accumulation, intense diffuse accumulation, slight inhomogeneous accumulation, and intense inhomogeneous accumulation). Tumor invasion of thyroid cartilage was noted in 2 of the 42 patients with diffuse accumulation, 1 of the 18 patients with intense diffuse accumulation, 1 of the 38 patients with slight inhomogeneous accumulation, and 17 of 22 patients with intense inhomogeneous accumulation. Because the degree of tumor invasion was highest in cases in which bone scintigraphy revealed intense inhomogeneous accumulation of RI in the thyroid cartilage, we judged this pattern of RI accumulation to be an indicator of tumor invasion. When diagnosis was based on this criterion, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 77%, 96%, and 93%, respectively (P < 0.0001, Chi-square test). The findings of this study suggest that ossification of thyroid cartilage can be distinguished from tumor-involved thyroid cartilage on the basis of the pattern of abnormal RI accumulation in the thyroid cartilage in patients with head/neck cancer.

Phase III trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin versus 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and polyadenylic–polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) for locally advanced gastric cancer after curative surgery: final results of 15-year follow-up

BackgroundThis phase III trial was to compare 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin, and polyadenylic–polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) against 5-fluorouracil plus adriamycin (FA) for operable gastric cancer. Patients and methodsFrom 1984 to 1989, patients who had D2–3 curative resection were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of 12 mg/kg 5-FU every week for 18 months and 40 mg/m2 adriamycin every 3 weeks for 12 cycles. Chemoimmunotherapy consisted of FA plus 100 mg of poly A:U weekly for six cycles and was followed 6 months later by six weekly 50-mg booster injections. ResultsA total of 292 patients were enrolled. After excluding 12 ineligible patients, 142 and 138 patients were allocated to each treatment. Patients were balanced with prognostic variables: age, sex, tumor location, differentiation, degree of tumor invasion (T2–T4a), and lymph node status (N0–N2). During the 15-year follow-up, chemoimmunotherapy significantly prolonged overall (P=0.013) and recurrence-free (P=0.005) survivals compared with chemotherapy alone. The survival benefits were prominent in the subset of patients with T3/T4a, N2, or stage III. Treatments were generally well tolerated in both arms. ConclusionsThese results indicate a survival advantage of chemoimmunotherapy with a regimen of FA and poly A:U in curatively resected gastric adenocarcinoma.

Metástases do segmento torácico e lombar da coluna vertebral: estudo prospectivo comparativo entre o tratamento cirúrgico e radioterápico com a imobilização externa e radioterapia

Bone metastases at the thoracic and lumbar segment of the spine are usually presented with painful sensation and medullar compression. The treatment is based on the clinical and neurological conditions of the patient and the degree of tumor invasion. In the present study, 32 patients with spinal metastasis of thoracic and lumbar segment were prospectively analyzed. These patients were treated by decompression and internal stabilization followed by radiotherapy or irradiation with external immobilization. The election of the groups was in accordance with the tumor radiotherapy sensitivity, clinical conditions, spinal stability, medullar or nerve compression and patient's decision. The Frankel scale and pain visual test were applied at the moment of diagnosis and after 1 and 6 months. The surgical group had better results with preserving the ambulation longer and significant reduction of pain.

P188 Analysis of relationships between degree of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and substances related to metastasis in T1 and T2 oral tongue cancer

P188 Analysis of relationships between degree of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and substances related to metastasis in T1 and T2 oral tongue cancer

Immunohistochemical Study on Superoxide Dismutases in Tongue Cancer

Objective: To analyse the relationship between the expression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and clinicopathological parameters in human tongue cancer.Materials and Methods: Oral biopsy specimens of 42 cases of tongue cancer were stained with antihuman manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, and the degree of staining in tumour cells was evaluated. Clinicopathological information was reviewed and the degree of tumour invasion was divided into four types.Results: The percentage of enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase expression in patients was significantly higher in patients older than 60 years than that in patients younger than 60 years. The percentage of enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase expression was higher in T4 patients versus T1 patients and in patients with lymph node metastasis versus patients without metastasis. A higher percentage of enhanced copper-zinc superoxide dismutase expression was shown in the 2+3 mode of invasion group compared with the advanced mode of invasion (4c+4d) group, and the percentage of reduced copper-zinc superoxide dismutase expression in patients in the 4c+4d group was significantly higher than that in patients in the less invasive group (2+3). The percentage of enhanced copper-zinc superoxide dismutase expression in patients without lymph node metastasis was slightly higher than that in patients with metastasis.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that expression levels of manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases correlate with clinical stage, mode of invasion, and lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer.